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"This book provides the most up-to-date research advances and theories in cognitive radio technology, from cognitive radio principles and theory to cognitive radio standards and systems, from fundamental limits of cognitive radio channels to cognitive radio networks, from the current cognitive radio practices and examples to future 5G cognitive cellular networks. The book will include some emerging applications of cognitive radio in areas such as smart grid, internet-of-things, big data, small cell/heterogeneous networks, and in 5G. The potential readers include postgraduate students, academic staff, telecommunications engineering, spectrum policy makers, and industry entrepreneurs."

"This major reference work provides the most up-to-date research advances and theories in cognitive radio technology, from cognitive radio principles and theory to cognitive radio standards and systems, from fundamental limits of cognitive radio channels to cognitive radio networks, from the current cognitive radio practices and examples to future 5G cognitive cellular networks. This handbook will include some emerging applications of cognitive radio in areas such as smart grid, internet-of-things, big data, small cell/heterogeneous networks, and in 5G. The potential readers include postgraduate students, academic staff, telecommunications engineering, spectrum policy makers, and industry entrepreneurs."

"Cognitive radio merupakan teknologi telekomunikasi yang memberikan solusi untuk masalah keterbatasan ketersediaan sumber daya spektrum frekuensi dan rendahnya efisiensi penggunaan spektrum yang ada. Skripsi ini membahas rancang bangun antena yang sesuai untuk aplikasi cognitive radio yang dapat digunakan pada alokasi frekuensi 1,8 GHz dan 2,35 GHz. Rancang bangun antena terdiri dari dua antena printed monopole di atas substrat FR4 dengan menggunakan ground sebagian. Antena pertama berfungsi sebagai sensing antenna dengan karakteristik wideband dan memiliki pola radiasi omnidirectional. Antena kedua merupakan communicating antenna dimana pada struktur antena diberi switch sehingga antena ini dapat merekonfigurasi frekuensi kerja. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan sensing antenna memiliki impedance bandwidth 5,197 GHz pada kondisi switch OFF dan impedance bandwidth 10,328 GHz pada kondisi switch ON yang diukur pada batas RL ≤ -10 dB. Sedangkan reconfigurable communicating antenna memiliki frekuensi kerja 2,35 GHz pada kondisi switch OFF dan frekuensi kerja 1,8 GHz pada kondisi switch ON.

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Cognitive radio is technology developed nowadays to be the solution for limited frequency spectrum resource and inefficiency spectrum utilization issues. Design of antenna for cognitive radio application is proposed in this final project. The antenna is designed to work at 1.8 GHz and 2.35 GHz frequency allocation. The design consists of two printed monopole antenna printed over FR4 substrate sharing a common partial ground. The first antenna is the sensing antenna for spectrum sensing, having wideband characteristic and omnidirectional radiation pattern. The second one is the communicating antenna which is a frequency reconfigurable antenna with the existing switch on the antenna's structure so that the antenna will have two different working frequencies. The measurement shows that the sensing antenna has 5.197 GHz impedance bandwidth when the switch is OFF and 10.328 GHz impedance bandwidth when the switch is ON which is measured at return loss below -10 dB. While, the reconfigurable communicating antenna is working at 2.35 GHz when the switch is OFF and it is working at 1.8 GHz when the switch is ON."

"Cognitive radio merupakan teknologi telekomunikasi yang sedang dikembangkan dalam rangka mengatasi terbatasnya sumber daya spektrum frekuensi dan rendahnya efisiensi penggunaan spektrum yang ada. Skripsi ini membahas rancang bangun antena yang sesuai untuk aplikasi cognitive radio yang dapat bekerja pada frekuensi CDMA 1,9 GHz , WCDMA 2,1 GHz dan WiMAX 2,3 GHz untuk divais elektronik. Rancang bangun antena terdiri dari dua antena yaitu printed monopole antenna untuk pemindai dan Z-shape slot microstrip antenna untuk reconfigurable antenna. Dua antena tersebut di fabrikasi pada substrat FR4 dengan ground yang umum pada lapisan atasnya. Antena pemindai bertujuan sebagai pemindai spektrum dengan karakteristik pita lebar (1,0 GHz sampai 2,4 GHz). Reconfigurable antenna bertujuan untuk menghasilkan frekuensi resonansi dengan mengatur switch pada antenna yang memungkinkan antena memiliki tiga frekuensi resonansi yang berbeda. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan sensing antenna memiliki impedance bandwidth 1,4 GHz (VSWR ≤ 2) dengan pola radiasi yang baik jika dibandingkan dengan hasil simulasi. Sedangkan reconfigurable antenna dapat bekerja dengan baik CDMA 1,9 GHz , WCDMA 2,1 GHz dan WiMAX 2,3 GHz sebagai prediksi pada hasil simulasi.

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Cognitive radio is technology that is developed as a solution for limited frequency spectrum resources and inefficiency spectrum utilization issues. This thesis discusses the design of antenna for cognitive radio applications applied into electronic device which can perform at CDMA, WCDMA and WiMAX frequency.

The design consists of two antennas, namely a printed monopole antenna for sensing and Z-shape slot microstrip antenna for reconfigurable antenna. Two antennas are fabricated on FR4 substrate with common ground on the top layer.

The sensing antenna is aimed at spectrum sensing, which has wideband characteristics (1.0 GHz to 2.4 GHz) and omnidirectional radiation pattern. The reconfigurable antenna is designed for generating the desired resonant frequency by adjusting the switch position on the antenna structure allowing for the antenna to have three different resonant frequencies.

The measurement results show that the sensing antenna has 1.4 GHz impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) with good agreement of the radiation pattern compared to the simulation results. Moreover, reconfigurable antenna can work well at CDMA 1.9 GHz, WCDMA 2.1 GHz dan WiMAX 2.3 GHz as predicted in the simulation results."

"This book provides an overview of the latest research and development of new technologies for cognitive radio, mobile communications, and wireless networks. The contributors discuss the research and requirement analysis and initial standardization work towards 5G cellular systems and the capacity problems it presents. They show how cognitive radio, with the capability to flexibly adapt its parameters, has been proposed as the enabling technology for unlicensed secondary users to dynamically access the licensed spectrum owned by legacy primary users on a negotiated or an opportunistic basis. They go on to show how cognitive radio is now perceived in a much broader paradigm that will contribute to solve the resource allocation problem that 5G requirements raise. The chapters represent hand-selected expanded papers from EAI sponsored and hosted conferences such as the 12th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems, the 11th EAI International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness, the 10th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks, the 8th International Conference on Mobile Multimedia Communications, and the EAI International Conference on Software Defined Wireless Networks and Cognitive Technologies for IoT."

"[This book provides a broad introduction to Cognitive radio, which attempts to mimic human cognition and reasoning applied to software defined radio and reconfigurable radio over wireless networks. It provides readers with significant technical and practical insights into different aspects of Cognitive radio, starting from a basic background, the principle behind the technology, the inter-related technologies and application to cellular and vehicular networks, the technical challenges, implementation and future trends. The discussion balances theoretical concepts and practical implementation. Wherever feasible, the different concepts explained are linked to application of the corresponding scheme in a particular wireless standard.;This book provides a broad introduction to Cognitive radio, which attempts to mimic human cognition and reasoning applied to software defined radio and reconfigurable radio over wireless networks. It provides readers with significant technical and practical insights into different aspects of Cognitive radio, starting from a basic background, the principle behind the technology, the inter-related technologies and application to cellular and vehicular networks, the technical challenges, implementation and future trends. The discussion balances theoretical concepts and practical implementation. Wherever feasible, the different concepts explained are linked to application of the corresponding scheme in a particular wireless standard., This book provides a broad introduction to Cognitive radio, which attempts to mimic human cognition and reasoning applied to software defined radio and reconfigurable radio over wireless networks. It provides readers with significant technical and practical insights into different aspects of Cognitive radio, starting from a basic background, the principle behind the technology, the inter-related technologies and application to cellular and vehicular networks, the technical challenges, implementation and future trends. The discussion balances theoretical concepts and practical implementation. Wherever feasible, the different concepts explained are linked to application of the corresponding scheme in a particular wireless standard.]"

"This book highlights the need for an efficient Handover Decision (HD) mechanism to perform switches from one network to another and to provide unified and continuous mobile services that include seamless connectivity and ubiquitous service access. The author shows how the HD involves efficiently combining handover initiation and network selection process. The author describes how the network selection decision is a challenging task that is a central component to making HD for any mobile user in a heterogeneous environment that involves a number of static and dynamic parameters. The author also discusses prevailing technical challenges like Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) methods, spectrum sensing, cooperative communications, cognitive network architecture protocol design, cognitive network security challenges and dynamic adaptation algorithms for cognitive system and the evolving behavior of systems in general. The book allows the reader to optimize the sensing time for maximizing the spectrum utilization, improve the lifetime of the cognitive radio network (CRN) using active scan spectrum sensing techniques, analyze energy efficiency of CRN, find a secondary user spectrum allocation, perform dynamic handovers, and use efficient data communication in the cognitive networks.Identifies energy efficient spectrum sensing techniques for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN);Shows how to maximize the energy capacity by minimizing the outage probability;Features end-of-chapter summaries, performance measures, and case studies."

"The Handbook of Advanced Lighting Technology is a major reference work on the subject of light source science and technology, with particular focus on solid-state light sources – LEDs and OLEDs – and the development of 'smart' or 'intelligent' lighting systems; and the integration of advanced light sources, sensors, and adaptive control architectures to provide tailored illumination which is 'fit to purpose.' The concept of smart lighting goes hand-in-hand with the development of solid-state light sources, which offer levels of control not previously available with conventional lighting systems. This has impact not only at the scale of the individual user, but also at an environmental and wider economic level. These advances have enabled and motivated significant research activity on the human factors of lighting, particularly related to the impact of lighting on healthcare and education, and the Handbook provides detailed reviews of work in these areas. The potential applications for smart lighting span the entire spectrum of technology, from domestic and commercial lighting, to breakthroughs in biotechnology, transportation, and light-based wireless communication. Whilst most current research globally is in the field of solid-state lighting, there is renewed interest in the development of conventional and non-conventional light sources for specific applications. This Handbook comprehensively reviews the basic physical principles and device technologies behind all light source types and includes discussion of the state-of-the-art. The book essentially breaks down into five major sections: Section 1: The physics, materials, and device technology of established, conventional, and emerging light sources, Section 2: The science and technology of solid-state (LED and OLED) light sources, Section 3: Driving, sensing and control, and the integration of these different technologies under the concept of smart lighting, Section 4: Human factors and applications, Section 5: Environmental and economic factors and implications"

"The Handbook of Antenna Technologies aims to present the rapid development of antenna technologies, particularly in the past two decades, and also showcasing the newly developed technologies and the latest applications. The handbook will provide readers with the comprehensive updated reference information covering theory, modeling and optimization methods, design and measurement, new electromagnetic materials, and applications of antennas. The handbook will widely cover not only all key antenna design issues but also fundamentals, issues related to antennas (transmission, propagation, feeding structure, materials, fabrication, measurement, system, and unique design challenges in specific applications). This handbook will benefit the readers as a full and quick technical reference with a high-level historic review of technology, detailed technical descriptions and the latest practical applications."