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"Tingginya persentase swamedikasi batuk dibandingkan dengan penyakit lain dapat menjadi pemicu timbulnya swamedikasi yang tidak rasional sehingga menyebabkan konsekuensi kesehatan yang serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengetahuan dan sikap pasien dewasa terhadap perilaku swamedikasi batuk di Jabodetabek. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan metode mixed method tipe embedded design. Metode perolehan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik consecutive sampling menggunakan kuesioner yang telah memenuhi uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dengan total 139 responden dan dianalisis menggunakan IBM®SPSS® versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebesar 53,96% responden memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup, 81,29% responden memiliki sikap yang baik, dan 64,03% responden memiliki perilaku yang baik. Terdapat korelasi positif berkekuatan lemah antara pengetahuan swamedikasi batuk (p=0,000; r=0,285) dan sikap serta korelasi kuat positif antara sikap dan perilaku swamedikasi batuk (p=0,000; r=0,403). Namun tidak terdapat korelasi antara pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi batuk responden (p=0,138; r=1,105). Hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku terhadap faktor sosiodemografi menunjukkan korelasi yang tidak bermakna (p>0.05). Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan semakin baik pengetahuan swamedikasi batuk responden maka semakin baik pula sikap swamedikasi batuk responden dan semakin baik sikap swamedikasi batuk responden maka semakin baik pula perilaku swamedikasi batuk yang ditunjukkan responden. Pada profil swamedikasi responden melakukan swamedikasi karena sudah mengetahui obat yang harus digunakan berdasarkan pengalaman dengan frekuensi swamedikasi dalam 3 bulan terakhir 1-2 kali. Responden memperoleh obat dari apotek dan mengandalkan pengalaman penggunaan obat pribadi/keluarga sebagai informasi obat mereka. Pada penggunaan obat batuk ditemukan responden yang menggunakan obat batuk kering untuk mengobati batuk berdahak

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The high percentage of cough self-medication compared to other diseases can trigger irrational self-medication, causing serious health consequences. This study aims to analyze the effect of adult patient's knowledge and attitudes on cough self-medication practice in Jabodetabek. The research design is cross-sectional with mixed method type embedded design. The data was collected by using consecutive sampling technique using questionnaire that had fulfilled validity and reliability test. Primary data were collected with 139 samples and analyzed by IBM®SPSS® 25. The results showed that 53.96% of respondents had enough knowledge, 81.29% of respondents had a good attitude, and 64.03% respondents have good practice. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a positive weak correlation between self-medication knowledge (p=0,000; r=0,285) and attitudes and a positive strong correlation between self-medication attitudes and practice (p=0,000; r=0,403). There was no correlation between self-medication knowledge and practice (p=0,138; r=1,105). The relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practice towards sociodemographic factors showed no significant correlation (p>0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the higher respondent's self-medication knowledge, the better the self-medication attitude of respondents and the better self-medication attitude, the better self-medication behavior shown by respondents. In self-medication profile, respondents did self-medication because they already knew drug they used based on experience and self-medication frequency in last 3 months is 1-2 times. Respondents obtained drugs from pharmacies and relied on their personal/family drug use experience as their drug information. It was found that respondents used dry cough medicine to treat coughs with phlegm."

"Risiko kesalahan penggunaan obat pada praktik swamedikasi untuk pasien anak cukup besar meliputi pemilihan obat hingga regimen dosis yang berdampak negatif pada keselamatan pasien. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku swamedikasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang dimiliki oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengetahuan, sikap, terhadap perilaku pelaksanaan  swamedikasi obat batuk, flu, dan demam pada anak-anak di wilayah Jabodetabek. Desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan metode mixed method tipe embedded design. Data diperoleh dengan teknik consecutive sampling menggunakan kuesioner yang telah memenuhi syarat valid dan reliabel melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh 239 orang tua di Jabodetabek dan dianalisis menggunakan program IBM®SPSS® versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden menunjukkan pengetahuan (70,7%), sikap (84,1%), dan perilaku (94,6%) yang baik terkait swamedikasi anak. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap (p = <0.001; r = 0.494), pengetahuan dan perilaku (p = <0.001; r = 0.278), serta sikap dan perilaku (p = <0.001; r = 0.381) terkait swamedikasi anak. Semakin baik pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua terhadap swamedikasi, semakin baik perilaku mereka dalam melakukan swamedikasi pada anak. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku swamedikasi antara responden berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan pendapatan (p <0.05). Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan dan status pekerjaan (p >0.05). Studi ini memberikan pemahaman tentang pola swamedikasi pada orang tua di Jabodetabek, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku swamedikasi.

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The risk of medication errors in self-medication practices for pediatric patients is significant, including issues related to drug selection and dosing regimens that can negatively impact patient safety. Several studies have shown that self-medication practices can be influenced by the level of knowledge and attitudes held by patients. This research aims to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to self-medication for cough, flu, and fever medications in children in the Jabodetabek area. The design of this research is cross-sectional with a mixed-methods embedded design. Data was collected by using consecutive sampling technique using questionnaire that had fulfilled the validity and reliability test. Primary data was obtained from 239 parents in the Jabodetabek area and analyzed using IBM® SPSS® version 26. The research findings indicate that the majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge (70.7%), attitudes (84.1%), and behaviors (94.6%) regarding self-medication practices for children. There were significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes (p = <0.001; r = 0.494), knowledge and behaviors (p = <0.001; r = 0.278), as well as attitudes and behaviors (p = <0.001; r = 0.381) regarding self-medication practices for children. The better the knowledge and attitudes of parents towards self-medication, the better their behaviors in practicing self-medication. There were significant correlation in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to self-medication among respondents based on age, gender, and income (p <0.05). However, no significant differences were found based on education level and employment status (p >0.05). This study provides insights into the patterns of self-medication practices among parents in the Jabodetabek area."

"Batuk merupakan simptom yang dirasakan oleh semua manusia dan penting untuk proteksi dan perlindungan yang menjaga proses pengeluaran mukus, substansi asing, dan infeksi laring, trakea dan bronkus.Kemampuan batuk pada usia dewasa madya dan dewasa lanjut akan menurun dibandingkan pada dewasa muda. Namun, hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian yang mengukur nilai APB pada usia dewasa madya dan dewasa lanjut sehat di Indonesia. Tujuan : Mengetahui nilai APB pada dewasa madya dan dewasa lanjut sehat dan factor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode : Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang melibatkan 99 subjek. Subjek adalah pasien poliklinik Rehabilitasi Medik usia dewasa madya dan dewasa lanjut sehat respirasi. Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diperiksa spirometri untuk memastikan sehat respirasi dan setelahnya dilakukan pemerikasaan nilai APB dengan alat peakflowmeter dan dilihat korelasi nya dengan usia, jenis kelamin dan berat badan. Hasil : Nilai APB pada dewasa madya sehat berkisar 190-540 L/menit dengan nilai tengah usia 41-50 tahun 465 L/menit, usia 51-60 tahun 405 L/menit dan dewasa lanjut sehat berkisar 245-520 L/menit dengan nilai tengah 352,5 L/menit. Laki-laki memiliki nilai APB yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan perempuan, namun pada usia 61 tahun ke atas terjadi penurunan nilai APB dimana nilai tengah hasil APB laki-laki tidak berbeda bermakna dengan perempuan. Semakin tinggi usia maka semakin rendah pula nilai APB yang didapatkan dan terdapat penurunan yang signifikan secara statistik pada nilai APB pada usia 61-70 tahun dibandingkan usia 41-50 tahun. Subjek dengan tinggi badan yang tinggi memiliki kecendrungan nilai APB yang lebih besar dan tinggi badan akan mempengaruhi nilai APB. Simpulan : Didapatkan nilai APB pada usia dewasa madya dan dewasa lanjut sehat respirasi dan terdapat hubungan antara factor jenis kelamin, usia dan tinggi badan terhadap nilai APB.

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Cough is a symptom that is felt by all humans and is important for protection and protection which maintains mucus secretion, foreign substances, and infections of the larynx, trachea and bronchi. The ability to cough in middle adulthood and advanced adulthood will decrease compared to young adults. However, until now there have been no studies that measure the APB value in middle adulthood and advanced adults in Indonesia. Objective: To find out the APB value in middle adulthood and advanced healthy adults and the factors that influence it. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 99 subjects. Subjects were patients in the clinic for medical rehabilitation of middle adulthood and advanced adult healthy respiration. Subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were examined spirometry to ensure healthy respiration and after that the APB examination was carried out with a peakflowmeter device and the correlation was observed with age, gender and weight.Results: The APB value in healthy middle-aged adults ranged from 190-540 L / minute with a median age of 41-50 years 465 L / minute, ages 51-60 years 405 L / minute and healthy elderly adults ranged from 245-520 L / minute with values middle of 352.5 L / minute. Men have a greater APB value than women, but at the age of 61 years and over there has been a decrease in the APB value where the mean value of male APB results is not significantly different from that of women. The higher age, the lower the APB value obtained and there was a statistically significant decrease in the APB value at 61-70 years of age compared to 41-50 years of age. Subjects with high height have a tendency for a larger APB value and height will affect the APB value. Conclusion: Obtained APB values ​​in middle adulthood and advanced healthy respiration adults and there is a relationship between sex, age and height factors for the APB value."

"ABSTRAKSwamedikasi didefinisikan sebagai penggunaan obat tanpa konsultasi dari dokter, diagnosa, serta peresepannya. Prevalensi swamedikasi yang dilakukan mahasiswa cukup tinggi kemudian disertai dengan ditemukannya masalah terkait praktek swamedikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan efektivitas media booklet dengan Cara Belajar Insan Aktif (CBIA) pada responden mahasiswa non Ilmu Kesehatan yang sebelumnya telah berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan dan tindakan swamedikasi pada responden ibu-ibu. Desain penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah pre-experimental dengan pre-test dan post-test pada responden yang terbagi menjadi kelompok yang melaksanakan CBIA dan kelompok yang diberikan booklet. Respoden yang mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai berjumlah 78 orang (n booklet = 41 orang, n CBIA = 37 orang). Skor pengetahuan, perilaku, dan sikap diukur dengan kuesioner sebelum serta 6 minggu setelah intervensi CBIA dan booklet. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan uji non parametrik Wilcoxon (p<0,05) diperoleh kedua intervensi yaitu CBIA dan booklet mempengaruhi secara bermakna tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku. Pada uji regresi logistik didapatkan bahwa variabel perancu yaitu umur, status semester, dan anggota keluarga yang berprofesi sebagai tenaga kesehatan tidak mempengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku swamedikasi mahasiswa. Pemberian booklet lebih efektif dibandingkan metode CBIA dalam meningkatkan sikap swamedikasi mahasiswa, namun kedua intervensi tersebut sama efektifnya dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi mahasiswa non Ilmu Kesehatan UNTAN Pontianak.

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ABSTRACT

Self-medication is defined as used of medication without obtained diagnose and prescription from physician?s consultation. The prevalence of self-medication at students was high and followed by finding of problems related it practices. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of booklet media with Community-Based Interactive Approach method on non Medical students, which previously have been increasing the knowledge and attitude on housewives respondent. This were pre-experimental study by pre-test and post-test design, the respondent were divided into two groups that carry out the CBIA method and given booklet media. Amount of respondent followed the study until finished were 78 people (n booklet = 41, n CBIA = 37). Knowledge, attitude, and behavior score was assessed by questionnaire in pre-intervention immediately and six week after intervention. The questionnaire result was analyzed by using Wilcoxon non parametric test (p<0.05) showed that CBIA and booklet increasing knowledge, attitude, and behavior of self-medication significantly. The results of logistic regression test showed age, year of study, and educational intervention as not factor that influenced self-medication knowledge, attitude, and behavior of student. The influence booklet intervention more effective than CBIA method toward self-medication attitude. However, both of intervention as effective toward self-medication knowledge and behavior of Non Medical Tanjungpura University Students, Pontianak."

"Latar Belakang Gejala common cold pada COVID-19 dan penyakit respirasi lain menyerupai satu sama lain sehingga seseorang yang mengalami gejala sering kali tidak melakukan perilaku preventif yang sesuai. Untuk mengatasi gejala tersebut, perilaku kesehatan yang sering diterapkan di masa pandemi COVID-19 adalah swamedikasi (self-medication). Swamedikasi ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan sikap karena perilaku kesehatan yang baik umumnya didahului oleh pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik juga. Akan tetapi, belum banyak studi yang meneliti hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi common cold. Metode Penelitian dilakukan secara cross-sectional dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang sudah divalidasi oleh penelitian sebelumnya. Kuesioner yang digunakan menilai pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19, serta perilaku swamedikasi masyarakat ketika mengalami gejala common cold. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, dan sekitarnya sebagai wilayah binaan Pengabdian Masyarakat FKUI. Data dianalisis dengan uji Fisher dan dihitung rasio odds dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis signifikan apabila p<0,05. Hasil Dari 94 responden, 86,2% memiliki pengetahuan baik, dan 95,7% memiliki sikap positif terhadap COVID-19. Sebanyak 95,7% responden mempraktikkan swamedikasi common cold. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat mengenai COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi common cold di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon dan sekitarnya. Kesimpulan Pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon dan sekitarnya sudah tergolong baik. Selain itu, swamedikasi untuk gejala common cold merupakan perilaku kesehatan yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat di daerah tersebut. Maka dari itu, pengaturan kebijakan dan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat melalui edukasi mengenai swamedikasi yang tepat perlu menjadi perhatian bagi Pemerintah dan stakeholder kesehatan lainnya.

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Introduction Symptoms of the common cold in COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases resemble each other so someone who experiences these symptoms often do not carry out appropriate preventive behavior. In an attempt to alleviate these symptoms, the health behavior that is often practiced in the COVID-19 pandemic is self-medication. This selfmedication behavior can be influenced by knowledge and attitudes because good health behavior is generally preceded by good knowledge and attitudes as well. However, not many studies have examined the relationship between knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and self-medication for the common cold. Method The research was done with a cross-sectional design with primary data obtained through questionnaires that had been validated by previous research. The questionnaire used assesses knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19, as well as people's self-medication behavior when experiencing symptoms of the common cold. The research was done in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, and surrounding areas as it is one of the areas supported by FKUI. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The results are significant if p value <0.05. Results Of the 94 respondents, 86,2% had good knowledge, and 95,7% had a positive attitude towards COVID-19. 95,7% of respondents practiced self-medication towards common cold. No significant differences were found between knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 and self-medication for the common cold in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon and its surrounding areas. Conclusion Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon and its surrounding areas are good. Self-medication for the common cold is a health behavior that is often carried out by the community in those areas. Therefore, setting regulations and increasing public awareness through education regarding proper self-medication for the common cold needs to be a concern for the government and other health stakeholders."

"Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan masyarakat khawatir melakukan perawatan gigi dan mulut di praktik dokter gigi akibat khawatir terpapar virus SARS-CoV-2 sehingga dapat menjadikan swamedikasi sebagai pilihan perawatan. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik swamedikasi orang tua serta perbedaan praktik swamedikasi dengan berbagai karakteristik orang tua. Metode: Studi potong lintang kepada 421 orang tua dengan anak usia 0-12 tahun di DKI Jakarta pada Agustus hingga Oktober 2021 menggunakan kuesioner daring berisi 21 pertanyaan. Digunakan uji Chi-Square dan dilanjutkan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Mayoritas orang tua (73,9%) melakukan swamedikasi saat pandemi dengan obat yang utama digunakan adalah analgesik dan antibiotik, serta mayoritas mengetahui mengenai efek samping obat terhadap sistem pencernaan. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna praktik swamedikasi berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan orang tua, tingkat ekonomi orang tua, kekhawatiran orang tua ke dokter gigi saat pandemi, dan kemauan (willingness) orang tua membawa anak ke dokter gigi saat pandemi. Tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan kemauan orang tua membawa anak ke dokter gigi saat pandemi merupakan prediktor swamedikasi. Kesimpulan: Swamedikasi orang tua terhadap masalah gigi dan mulut pada penelitian memiliki prevalensi tinggi namun masih terdapat cara serta pengetahuan yang kurang tepat. Sehingga diperlukannya edukasi kepada orang tua untuk mengurangi risiko swamedikasi, terutama dalam penggunaan antibiotik.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused people to worry about getting dental care at a dentist's practice due to concerns about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, making self-medication a treatment option.

Objective: To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents' self-medication towards children's dental problems and to find out the significant differences in the practice of self-medication with various characteristics of parents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 421 parents with children aged 0-12 years in DKI Jakarta from August to October 2021 using an online questionnaire containing 21 questions. Chi-Square test was used and continued with logistic regression.

Results: Most parents (73.9%) self-medicated during the pandemic, with the primary drugs used being analgesics and antibiotics. The majority of parents knew about the side effects of drugs on the digestive system. There are significant differences in the practice of self-medication based on parents' education level, parents' economic level, parents' worries about going to the dentist during the pandemic, and the willingness of parents to take their children to the dentist during the pandemic. The level of parental education and the willingness of parents to take their children to the dentist during a pandemic are predictors of self-medication.

Conclusion: In this study, parents' self-medication towards children's dental problems was highly prevalent, but some parents used inappropriate methods and knowledge. Thus, education is needed to reduce the risk of self-medication, especially in antibiotics."

"Latar Belakang: Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi pada anak usia sekolah (5-12 tahun). Umumnya, gejala diare ringan dan disebabkan oleh infeksi virus yang bersifat self-limiting sehingga menimbulkan perilaku swamedikasi pada orang tua kepada anaknya. Perilaku swamedikasi perlu didasari oleh pengetahuan orang tua yang baik untuk mencapai penggunaan obat rasional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan pola swamedikasi diare pada anak usia sekolah (5-12 tahun) dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya di Tangerang dan sekitarnya. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional. Responden adalah orang tua yang memiliki anak 5-12 tahun dan berdomisili di Tangerang dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya serta disebarkan secara daring dalam bentuk Google Form. Analisis hubungan variabel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hubungan dinyatakan bermakna apabila p<0,05. Hasil: Prevalensi swamedikasi diare anak di penelitian ini sebesar 81,9% dengan mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik (59,6%) dan ketepatan pemilihan obat sebesar 84,9%. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan ketepatan pemilihan obat diare anak (p = 0,511). Faktor yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua adalah jenis kelamin (p=0,036) dan pekerjaan (p=0,02). Faktor yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan ketepatan pemilihan obat diare anak adalah jenis kelamin (p=0,002). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, tingkat pengetahuan orang tua sudah tergolong baik. Namun, tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan ketepatan pemilihan obat diare pada anak usia sekolah (5-12 tahun).

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Introduction: Diarrhea is a common health problem that occurs in school-aged children (5-12 years old). Generally, the symptoms of diarrhea are mild and self-limiting and giving rise to self-medication behavior among parents towards their children. Self- medication behavior needs to be based on good parental knowledge to achieve rational drug use. Therefore, this research aims to determine the association between the level of parental knowledge and the pattern of self-medication for diarrhea in school-aged children (5-12 years old) and the influencing factors in Tangerang and surrounding areas. Method: This research was conducted with a cross-sectional design. Respondents are parents who have children aged 5-12 years and lived in Tangerang and surrounding areas. This research uses a questionnaire instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability and distributed online as Google Form. Analysis of variable association was carried out using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests. The association is declared significant if p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of self-medication for diarrhea in children in this study was 81.9% with the majority of respondents having a good level of knowledge (59.6%) and accuracy in drug selection was 84.9%. There was no significant association between parents’ knowledge level and the accuracy in children’s diarrhea drug selection (p=0.511). Factors that have a significant association with the level of parents’ knowledge are gender (p=0.036) and occupation (p=0.02). The factor that has a significant association with the accuracy in children’s diarrhea drug selections is gender (p=0.002). Conclusion: In this study, the level of parents’ knowledge was considered good. However, there was no significant association between parents’ knowledge level and the accuracy in children’s diarrhea drug selection in school-aged children (5-12 years)."

"OBH quinqplex adalah sediaan Obat Batuk Hitam konsentrat dalam konsentrasi lima kali lebih pekat daripada sediaan Obat Batuk Hitam biasa. OBH quinqplex banyak dibuat sebagai sediaan di apotik maupun di rumah sakit, karena lebih menghemat waktu, tenaga, dan tempat, serta lebih praktis clan lebih memudahkan jika sewaktu - waktu dibutuhkan dalam waktu yang cepat danjumlah yang banyak. Dalam OBH quinqplex terdapat air dan Glicyrrhizae succus yang mengandung karbohidrat tinggi, sehingga dapat mempermudah pertumbuhan dan perkembangbiakan mikroorganisme, akibatnya jumlah mikroorganisme dapat melebihi batas maksimum cemaran mikroba yang diperbolehkan dalam sediaan oral cair, yaitu 100 kuman per mL. Penelitian mi dimaksudkan untuk memeriksa stabilitas mikrobiologis OBH quinqplex tanpa pengawet dan OBH quinqplex yang diberi pengawet nipagin dengan konsentrasi 0,10 %, 0,15 %, 0,20 %, dan 0,25 %. Pemeriksaan stabilitas mikrobiologis dilakukan selama 6 bulan pada sampel OBH quinqplex tanpa pengawet dan OBH quinqplex yang diberi pengawet nipagin dalam konsentrasi 0,10 %, 0,15 %, 0,20 %, dan 0,25 %, clan didapat hasil bahwa OBH quinqplex tanpa pengawet tidak stabil secara mikrobiologis, sedangkan OBH quinqplex yang diberi pengawet nipagin 0,10 %, 0,15 %, 0,20 %, dan 0,25 % stabil secara mikrobiologis selama 6 bulan pemeriksaan. Dari hasil pemeriksaan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa nipagin dengan konsentrasi 0,10 %, 0,15 %, 0,20 %, dan 0,25 % efektif sebagai pengawet dalam sediaan OBH quinqplex.

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Potio Nigra Contra Tussim quinqplex is a concentrate preparation of Potio Nigra Contra Tussim in five times concentration of regular Potio Nigra Contra Tussim. In hospital and dispensary, Potio Nigra Contra Tussim quinqplex is made as a stock of pharmaceutical preparation, because it can save time, energy, and place, beside it is more practice and easier if anytime it is needed quickly and in a large number of quantities. In Potio Nigra Contra Tussim quinqplex, there are water and Glicyrrhizae succus which consists of carbohydrate in high concentrate, so it can facilitate the growth of microorganisms and it can rise the number of microorganisms over maximum limits of acceptance microbial contamination in liquid oral dosage form i.e. 100 microorganisms per mL. The purpose of this study is to determine the microbiological stability of regular Potio Nigra Contra Tussim quinqplex and Potio Nigra Contra Tussim quinqplex with nipagin as preservative in concentration of 0,10 %, 0,15 %, 0,20 %, dan 0,25 %. The study of microbiological stability has been done for six months and the result showed that Potio Nigra Contra Tussim without preservative was unstable in microbiological stability, while the one which was added by nipagin in concentration of 0,10 %, 0,15 %, 0,20 %, and 0,25 % were stable. From this study, we can say that nipagin in concentration of 0,10 %, 0,15 %, 0,20 %, and 0,25 % are effective as preservative in Potio Nigra Contra Tussim quinqplex."

"The self-medication is an effort conducted by the community to cure theirselves using medicine, traditional medicine or others without health proffesional advice. The aims of this study are to know healthy ? illness concept, to know local language,symptoms, cause, prevention and curation of headache, fever, cough and commoncold, and the self- medication practice on the village community.This study using qualitative design and data was collected by depth interviewing from 12 key informans at Ciwalen village, Warungkondang sub-district, Cianjur district, West Java, in 1998. Key informans are the chief of RT, the chief of RW, the teachers of elementary school, the health cadres, and the housewives. Data were analyzedusing triangulation methode and confirmating the interview result to the key informans. The conclussion of this study are : The healthy-illness concept does not only physical aspect, but also social cultureaspect. The light illness - heavy illness concept depends on the physical condition of patient, the daily activity and the medication.The community use generally local language nyeri sirah for the headache, muriang for the fever, gohgoy for the cought and salesma for the common cold. The cause of illness is commonly their physical environment, include bacteria for the cought. The prevention of illness is generally conducted by avoiding its cause. The self medication practice generally use the medicine that were bought from the retail at their village, some of them use the traditional medicine. Reason of self-medication practice are light illness, inexpensive, time eficiency, and as a first aid before going to the health proffesional or health center. The selfmedication practice is improperly done, because the community mostly bought a small amount of medicine, so that the brochure of the medicine can not be read."

"Telefarmasi merupakan salah satu bentuk lebih luas dari telemedicine yang didefinisikan sebagai pelayanan kefarmasian melalui penggunaan teknologi telekomunikasi dan informasi kepada pasien dalam jarak jauh sehingga tidak memerlukan tatap muka. Swamedikasi merupakan pelayanan telefarmasi yang sering dilakukan, dimana konsumen memiliki kebebasan dalam memilih obat sesuai dengan keinginan dan kebutuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberi gambaran mengenai pelayanan swamedikasi secara telefarmasi serta mengevaluasi implementasi pelayanan telefarmasi berdasarkan data kepuasan pasien yang mengacu kepada enam dimensi mutu kualitas pelayanan menurut WHO. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain peneltian cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara restrospektif menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online. Kuesioner pada penelitian ini telah dinyatakan valid karena telah lolos uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Jumlah responden yang mengisi kuesioner berjumlah 194 orang tetapi hanya 120 responden yang sesuai kriteria. Sebagian besar responden (33%) melakukan swamedikasi secara telefarmasi di Jakarta dengan media yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Halodoc/GoMed. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pasien puas dengan penggunaan telefarmasi dengan persentase pada dimensi efektif (76,7%), efisien (63,3%), aksesibilitas (84,2%), berpusat pada pasien (57,5%), adil (81,7%), dan aman (91,7%). Uji beda rerata menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kategori usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan tingkat penghasilan karena memiliki nilai signifikansi <0,05. Berdasasrkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan 75,8% responden merasa puas dan 24,2% merasa cukup puas terhadap pelayanan swamedikasi secara telefarmasi yang digunakan dimana dimensi berpusat pada pasien memiliki tingkat kepuasaan paling rendah sehigga diperlukan peningkatan mutu pelayanan.

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Telepharmacy is a broader form of telemedicine which is defined as pharmaceutical services by telecommunications and information technology to remote patients so that they don’t require face-to-face contact. Self-medication is a telepharmacy service that is often used, where consumers have the freedom to choose drugs according to their wishes and needs. This study aims to provide an overview of self-medication services by telepharmacy and evaluate the implementation of telepharmacy services based on patient satisfaction data that refers to the six dimensions of service quality according to WHO. This research was conducted using descriptive analytic research method with a cross sectional research design. Data collection was carried out retrospectively using primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed online. The questionnaire in this study has been declared valid because it has passed the validity and reliability test. The number of respondents who filled out the questionnaire was 194 people but only 120 respondents met the inclusion criteria. Most respondents (33%) self-medicate via telepharmacy in Jakarta with the most widely used media being Halodoc/GoMed. The results showed that patients were satisfied using telepharmacy with a percentage on the dimensions of effective (76.7%), efficient (63.3%), accessible (84.2%), patient-centered (57.5%), equitable (81.7%), and safe (91.7%). The mean difference test showed that there were significant differences in the categories of age, education level, and income level because it had a significance value of <0.05. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that 75.8% of respondents are satisfied and 24.2% are quite satisfied with the telepharmacy self-medication service used where the patient-centered dimension has the lowest level of satisfaction so that it needs to be done to improve service quality. "