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"Railways play a significant role in daily life, offering speed, safety and massive capacity for delivering people from one place to another. However, developing countries such as Indonesia are currently encountering problems related to Operation and Maintenance (OM) contracts. Railway operators are mostly experiencing a negative rate of return when operations depend only on farebox revenue. Thus, an alternative approach that includes government involvement should be instigated to improve project performance. This research aims to evaluate the contract agreement between the state, in the form of the Ministry of Transportation, and business entities in the operation and maintenance phase. The Makassar–Parepare railway section on Sulawesi Island is used as a case study. The study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches that follow three stages: assessing the initial design; generating an alternative OM scheme; and propose a suitable OM scheme. The results indicate five components that should be considered when developing an OM contract, namely the tariff, risk, feasibility, subsidy and period of the contract. The study recommends a five-year contract for operation and maintenance, and the government should assign a business entity to manage available assets in the project."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai komponen biaya Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) pada perkeretaapian di Indonesia yang dikomparasikan dengan negara pembanding. Komparasi komponen digunakan untuk memberikan alternatif biaya perawatan dan pengoperasian prasarana kereta api. Dari komparasi komponen kemudian dilakukan prediksi biaya IMO di masa depan dengan cost index dan prediksi biaya IMO jika terdapat renewal. Setelah melakukan komparasi komponen kemudian diperoleh alternatif biaya IMO dan perhitungan untuk melakukan forecast biaya IMO di masa yang akan datang.

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This study discusses the components of the cost of Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (IMO) on the railways in Indonesia dikomparasikan comparator countries. Comparison of the components used to provide alternative maintenance and operating costs of railway infrastructure. From the comparison component is then done IMO predictions of future costs with cost index and prediction IMO if there is a renewal fee. After doing a comparative component is then obtained by an alternative calculation for the cost of IMO and IMO to forecast costs in the future."

"Fenomena phubbing menjadi isu sosial yang mewabah di era digitalisasi. Perilaku phubbing tidak sejalan dengan caring yang menjadi fundamental dalam keperawatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini guna mengetahui hubungan antara phubbing dan caring dalam keseharian mahasiswa keperawatan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan instrumen penelitian Generic Scale of Phubbing dan Peer Caring Measurement yang diberikan kepada responden sebanyak 94 mahasiswa program sarjana keperawatan terpilih dari dua universitas di Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara perilaku phubbing dengan caring pada responden (p <0,001) serta phubbing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap caring dalam keseharian responden. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mampu bersikap bijak dalam memanfaatkan teknologi dan perlu untuk mengembangkan caring dalam keseharian khususnya bagi mahasiswa keperawatan.

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The phenomenon of phubbing has become a widespread social issue in the era of digitization. Phubbing behavior is inconsistent with the fundamental principle of caring in nursing. This research aims to determine the relationship between phubbing behavior and caring in the daily lives of nursing students. The study design is cross-sectional, employing the Generic Scale of Phubbing and Peer Caring Measurement instruments given to 94 nursing undergraduate students selected from two universities in Jakarta. The research results indicate a significant negative relationship between phubbing behavior and caring among the respondents, as well as a significant influence of phubbing on caring in respondents’ daily lives. Therefore, it is important to exercise wisdom in utilizing technology and to develop caring behaviors in daily life, especially for nursing students."

"Artikel ini membahas operasionalisasi jalur kereta api Rangkasbitung – Labuan, beserta dampaknya pada aspek ekonomi dan sosial di Banten Selatan tahun 1906 hingga 1930. Sebelum jalur kereta api dibangun, kondisi daerah Banten Selatan terisolasi sehingga keadaan ekonomi dan sosialnya terpuruk. Melalui hadirnya transportasi kereta api di Banten Selatan, terjadi gerak ekonomi berupa pembukaan perkebunan karet dan pabrik minyak kelapa yang hasilnya lebih mudah diangkut, dan ramainya angkutan penumpang. Kereta api di jalur ini menjadi pendorong migrasi penduduk baru sehingga jumlah penduduk bertambah, dan seiring dengan perkembangan tersebut, tampak dinamika kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi di Banten Selatan. Artikel ini ditulis menggunakan metode sejarah, dengan pengumpulan data berupa arsip, dokumen terjilid, peta, surat kabar, buku, dan jurnal, yang diperoleh melalui Perpustakaan PT Kereta Api Indonesia, Perpustakaan Nasional, Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, ataupun secara daring.

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This article discusses the operation of the Rangkasbitung – Labuan railway line, and its impact on the economic and social aspects of South Banten from 1906 to 1930. Before the railway line was built, the South Banten area was isolated so that its social and economic situation deteriorated. With the existence of rail transportation in South Banten, it creates an economic movement in the form of rubber plantations and coconut oil factories opening, and easy mobility of passengers along the Rangkasbitung - Labuan line. In addition, trains also boost migration so that the population increases, which along with these developments shows the dynamics of social and economic life in South Banten. This article is written using the historical method, by collecting data in the form of archives, bound documents, maps, newspapers, books, and journals, which are obtained through the PT Kereta Api Indonesia Library, National Library, National Archives, or through online resources."

"Penelitian ini membahas dampak belanja Pemerintah pada infrastruktur perkeretaaapian pada periode 2009-2012 khususnya sektor konstruksi-perkeretaapian terhadap PDB (output), faktor produksi, rumah tangga, dan sektor produksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis social accounting matrix dengan pendekatan alat analisis accounting multiplier dan analisis jalur struktural. Penelitian dimulai dengan mendisagregasi sektor konstruksi menjadi konstruksi perkeretaapian dan konstruksi bukan perkeretaapian. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa dampak belanja infrastruktur atau konstruksi perkeretaaapian memberikan peningkatan pada PDB, faktor produksi, rumah-tangga dan sektor produksi lain. Analisis jalur struktural menunjukkan bahwa rumah-tangga penerima efek pengganda terbesar adalah golongan atas di kota. Sedangkan penerima efek pengganda terkecil adalah buruh tani yang menerima pengaruh hanya dari Tenaga Produksi, Operator Alat Angkutan, Manual dan Buruh Kasar di desa.

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This study discusses the impact of government spending on railways infrastructure in the period 2009-2012, especially the railways construction sector to GDP (output), the factors of production, households, and the production sector. This study uses the output multiplier and structural path analysis within SAM method. The study began with the construction sector disaggregation into the railways construction and non-railway construction. The results show that the impact of railways infrastructure or construction expenditures provides an increase in GDP, use of production factors, households income, and ouput of other production sectors. SPA performed indicates that the highest multiplier effect to household is the high class in town. The lowest one is agricultural laborers who receive the influence from the use of Production Workers, Transport Operators, Manual and Unskilled Workers in the village."

"Kereta modern secara umum memiliki karakteristik yang lebih unggul dibandingkan kereta konvensional. Beberapa tahun terakhir, telah beroperasi kereta berteknologi modern seperti MRT serta pembangunan LRT dan HSR. Dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi perkeretaapian tersebut, maka diperlukan peningkatan keterampilan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dalam pengoperasian perkeretaapian modern agar tetap memiliki daya saing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia pada pengoperasian kereta api sesuai dengan regulasi saat ini, menganalisis kebutuhan standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia dalam pengoperasian kereta modern, serta menganalisis kesiapan regulator dalam menyiapkan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki kompetensi untuk menangani pengoperasian kereta modern. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadopsi prinsip dari Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), gap analysis, benchmarking, dan Analisis SWOT. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) standar kompetensi SDM pada pengoperasian kereta api sesuai dengan regulasi saat ini dalam bentuk WBS Dasar, (2) terdapat tambahan fungsi dasar (unit kompetensi) untuk setiap fungsi utama yang mencakup aspek keselamatan, TIK, dan budaya kerja, sehingga menghasilkan kebutuhan standar kompetensi sumber daya manusia dalam pengoperasian kereta modern yang dibuat dalam bentuk WBS Pengembangan, serta (3) analisis SWOT menunjukkan upaya penyiapan sumber daya manusia yang menangani pengoperasian kereta modern cukup kuat secara internal dan memiliki banyak peluang dari pihak eksternal. Peluang terbesar berasal dari adanya kebutuhan dari pihak operator dan industri terhadap SDM untuk perkeretaapian modern. Kekuatan yang ada dari sisi diklat adalah jumlah SDM regulator, kompetensi SDM regulator, anggaran diklat, proses belajar mengajar, dan sistem supply-demand SDM. Sebagian besar unsur input-process-output-outcome dari balai diklat yang teridentifikasi pada penelitian ini merupakan kelemahan dari regulator. Kelemahan terbesar yang dialami adalah kualitas sarana dan prasarana diklat untuk mendidik SDM perkeretaapian modern yang belum memadai. Kapasitas sarana dan prasarana diklat, kurikulum dan silabus diklat, serta jumlah dan kecukupan kompetensi dari SDM instruktur terkait perkeretaapian modern pun masih menjadi kelemahan. Kelemahan utama dari sisi regulasi berasal dari belum siapnya SKKNI untuk mengatur standar kompetensi SDM perkeretaapian modern.

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Modern trains generally have characteristics that are superior to conventional trains. In recent years, modern trains such as the MRT have been operating as well as the construction of the LRT and HSR. With the rapid development of railway technology, it is necessary to increase the skills of human resources (HR) in the operation of modern railways to remain competitive. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competency standards of human resources in train operations in accordance with current regulations, analyze the need for human resource competency standards in operating trains on modern trains, and analyze the readiness of regulators in preparing competent human resources to handle the operation of modern train. The research method used in this study adopts the principles of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), gap analysis, benchmarking, and SWOT analysis. The results of this study are: (1) HR competency standards in train operations are in accordance with current regulations in the form of Basic WBS, (2) there are additional basic functions (competency units) for each main function which include aspects of safety, ICT, and work culture, resulting in the need for competency standards for human resources in the operation of modern trains made in the form of WBS Development, and (3) SWOT analysis shows that efforts to prepare human resources to handle modern train operations are quite strong internally and have many opportunities from external parties. The biggest opportunity comes from the need from operators and industry for human resources for modern railways. The strengths that exist from the education and training side are the number of regulatory HR, regulatory HR competencies, training budgets, teaching and learning processes, and the HR supply-demand system. Most of the input-process-output-outcome elements identified in this research are the weaknesses of the regulator. The biggest weakness experienced is the inadequate quality of training facilities and infrastructure to educate human resources for modern railways. The capacity of training facilities and infrastructure, training curriculum and syllabus, as well as the number and adequacy of the competence of human resource instructors related to modern railways, are still weaknesses. The main weakness in terms of regulation stems from the unpreparedness of SKKNI to regulate competency standards of modern railway human resources."

"[Antibiotik merupakan salah satu obat yang paling banyak digunakan dan diresepkan di rumah sakit, salah satunya di Instalasi Gawat Darurat. Tingginya frekuensi penggunaan antibiotik tidak dapat dipisahkan dari risiko meningkatnya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik, sehingga dapat menimbulkan kegagalan terapi antibiotik. Pemakaian antibiotik di suatu fasilitas kesehatan harus selalu di evaluasi agar dapat menghindari hal tersebut. Metode Defined Daily Dose merupakan salah satu metode evaluasi pemakaian obat secara kuantitatif yang sudah terstandardisasi oleh WHO. Penelitian ini menghitung estimasi jumlah pemakaian antibiotik di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSCM pada bulan Januari-Maret 2015. Penelitian menggunakan 109 sampel rekam medik pasien IGD RSCM yang mendapatkan terapi antibiotik. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan kuantitas pemakaian antibiotik di IGD RSCM diperkirakan sangat tinggi dengan tiga antibiotik yang paling sering digunakan yaitu ampisilin-sulbaktam (33,59 DDD/1000 kunjungan pasien), sefiksim (20,02 DDD/1000 kunjungan pasien), dan seftriakson (14,44 DDD/1000 kunjungan pasien, The antibiotic is one of the most frequently drug that prescribed in the hospital, especially in the emergency room. High frequency of antibiotic usage is related to the risk of antibiotic resistance that can impact to therapy failure. Antibiotic usage in health care facility must be evaluated in order to prevent that problem. Defined Daily Dose is a method to evaluate antibiotic usage quantitatively which is standardized by WHO. This study calculates estimation amount of antibiotic usage in Emergency Room RSCM on January-March 2015. This study includes 109 medical records from patients of emergency room RSCM that got antibiotic therapy. The result showed that the quantity of antibiotics usage in Emergency Department of RSCM is estimated to be very high with the three most frequently used are ampicillin-sulbactam (33,59 DDD/1000 patients visit), cefixime (20,02 DDD/1000 patients visit), and ceftriaxone (14,44 DDD/1000 patients visit).]"