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"Epilepsi merupakan penyakit neurologis kronis dengan prevalensi tingkat 0,5-1% pada populasi anak dan terjadi puncaknya pada tahun-tahun awal kehidupan. Obat Antiepilepsi (OAE) masih merupakan obat utama dalam pengobatan pasien epilepsi. Hingga saat ini, sebanyak 30 (tiga puluh) Obat Antiepilepsi (OAE) generasi pertama-ketiga digunakan dalam pengobatan penyakit epilepsi. Pilihan monoterapi yang tepat untuk pasien merupakan tantangan klinis yang harus mempertimbangkan mekanisme kerja, spektrum efikasi, efek samping hingga potensi interaksi masing-masing obat. Tantangan tersebut semakin penting apabila diterapkan dalam pengobatan epilepsi pada pasien anak-anak dengan interval waktu pemberian yang tepat terutama jika pasien anak-anak mendapatkan terapi kombinasi 2 atau lebih Obat Antiepilepsi (OAE). Interval waktu pemberian pada terapi kombinasi Obat Antiepilepsi (OAE) dalam mencapai kadar terapeutiknya dipengaruhi oleh profil farmakokinetik masing-masing obat. Obat Antiepilepsi (OAE) perlu dipantau terutama karena variabilitas antar pasien yang tinggi akibat adanya farmakokinetik non-linear serta lingkup terapeutik yang sempit. Melalui tugas khusus ini dapat diketahui bahwa dari 6 Obat Antiepilepsi (OAE) yang digunakan pada pasien pediatrik, Carbamazepine memiliki potensi terdistribusi lebih banyak dalam plasma darah maupun jaringan plasma yaitu dengan nilai Vd sebesar 0,8-2 L/Kg serta Levetiracetam memiliki nilai Tmaks dan T1/2 paling kecil, yaitu Tmaks sebesar 1,3 jam dan T1/2 sebesar 6 jam sehingga Levetiracetam dapat mencapai kadar maksimum dalam darah (Cpmaks) maupun tereliminasi dari tubuh lebih cepat dibandingkan ke 5 (lima) obat lainnya.

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease with a prevalence rate of 0.5-1% in the pediatric population and peaks in the early years of life. Antiepileptic drugs (OAE) are still the main drugs in the treatment of epilepsy patients. Until now, as many as 30 (thirty) first-third generation Antiepileptic Drugs (OAE) are used in the treatment of epilepsy. The choice of the right monotherapy for a patient is a clinical challenge that must consider the mechanism of action, spectrum of efficacy, side effects to the potential interactions of each drug. This challenge is even more important when applied in the treatment of epilepsy in pediatric patients at the right time interval, especially if the pediatric patient is receiving combination therapy of 2 or more Antiepileptic Drugs (OAE). The time interval for administration of antiepileptic drug combination therapy (OAE) in achieving therapeutic levels is influenced by the pharmacokinetic profile of each drug. Antiepileptic drugs (OAE) need to be monitored, especially because of high inter-patient variability due to non- linear pharmacokinetics and a narrow therapeutic scope. Through this special assignment it can be seen that of the 6 Antiepileptic Drugs (OAE) used in pediatric patients, Carbamazepine has the potential to be distributed more in blood plasma and plasma tissue with a Vd value of 0.8-2 L/Kg and Levetiracetam has a Tmax value and the lowest T1/2, namely Tmax of 1.3 hours and T1/2 of 6 hours so that Levetiracetam can reach maximum levels in the blood (Cpmax) and be eliminated from the body faster than the other 5 (five) drugs."

"Latar Belakang: Epilepsi di negara berkembang dua kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan negara maju. Sekitar 60-70% pasien bebas kejang dengan obat antiepilepsi (OAE) generasi satu, jika tidak respons dan kejang menetap maka dipertimbangkan OAE generasi dua. Keberhasilan pengobatan epilepsi dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor serta bergantung terhadap plastisitas dan maturitas otak hingga usia tiga tahun. Belum ada penelitian yang menilai faktor-faktor keberhasilan terapi OAE generasi dua.Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor risiko keberhasilan keberhasilan terapi OAE generasi 2 pada pasien epilepsi anak usia di bawah tiga tahun.Metode: Studi kasus kontrol dengan data sekunder berupa rekam medis. Sampel penelitian adalah anak epilepsi berusia di bawah tiga tahun yang mendapatkan minimal salah satu OAE generasi 2 berupa topiramat/levetiracetam/lamotrigin. Subyek terbagi kelompok kontrol (dilakukan matching usia) yang kejangnya tidak terkontrol dan kelompok kasus yang kejangnya terkontrol minimal enam bulan. Faktor risiko yang diteliti adalah tipe kejang, status perkembangan, status neurologis awal, gambaran elektroensefalografi (EEG) awal, evolusi klinis dan evolusi EEG.Hasil: Didapatkan 60 subyek pada masing-masing kelompok; pada kelompok kasus paling banyak dijumpai 66,7% laki-laki, 31,7% rentang usia 6-12 bulan, 83,3% usia awitan kejang <12 bulan, dan 93,3% tipe kejang umum. Dari 6 faktor risiko yang diteliti, hanya evolusi EEG berperan independen dalam memengaruhi keberhasilan terapi, nilai p<0,001; aOR 9,53; IK95% 3,39-26,77.Kesimpulan: Pasien dengan evolusi EEG baik memiliki kemungkinan sebesar 9,53 kali lipat lebih besar untuk kerjangnya terkontrol dengan OAE generasi 2, dibandingkan pasien dengan evolusi EEG buruk.

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Background: Epilepsy in developing countries is twice compared developed countries. About 60-70% epilepsy patients had seizure-free with first generation antiepileptic drugs (AED), if there is no response and persistent seizures, second generation AED is considered. The success of epilepsy treatment is influenced by various factors and depends on the plasticity and maturity of the brain until the first 3 years. There are no studies that assess the success factors of second generation OAE therapy.Purpose: To assess the risk factors that affecting the success of second generation therapy in children under 3 years old with epilepsy.Methods: A case control study with secondary data from medical records. The study sample was children under 3 years old with epilepsy who received at least one of second generation AED (topiramate/levetiracetam/lamotrigine). Subjects were divide into 2 groups, control groups (age matching) whose seizure were not controlled and case groups whose seizure were controlled for at least six months. The risk factors studied were seizure type, developmental status, initial neurological status, initial electroencephalography (EEG), clinical evolution and EEG evolution,Results: There were 60 subjects in each group; the most proportion in case group were 66,7% males, 31,7% of the age range of 6-12 months, 83,3% onset of seizures <12 months, and 93,3% general seizures. Of the 6 risk factors studied, only the EEG evolution significantly and independently affecting the success of therapy, with p value <0,001; aOR 9.53; 95%CI 3.39-26.77.Conclusion: Patients with good EEG evolution were 9.53 times more likely to have controlled seizure with second generation AED, compared to patients with poor EEG evolution."

"Penyakit infeksi merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme seperti bakteri yang timbul sebagai respon tubuh terhadap stimulasi sistem imun. Salah satu obat yang banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi penyakit tersebut adalah antibiotik. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak bijak akan mengakibatkan resistensi.Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) di RSAB Harapan Kita merupakan salah satu infeksi utama maupun komorbid pada pasien anak yang tatalaksana pengobatannya menggunakan antibiotik. Namun, RSAB Harapan Kita belum menerapkan evaluasi kualitatif penggunaan antibiotik secara rutin. Tujuan dari tugas khusus ini adalah mengetahui ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien anak rawat inap dengan ISK dan mengetahui peran apoteker dalam mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik di RSAB Harapan Kita.Penggunaan antibiotik di RSAB Harapan Kita dievaluasi berdasarkan diagram alir Gyssens meliputi indikasi antibiotik, spektrum, dosis dan interval antibiotik, lama pemberian antibiotik harga, efektivitas dan keamanan antibiotik.Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien anak rawat inap dengan ISK di RSAB Harapan Kita masih ada yang tidak tepat. Peran apoteker dalam mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik di RSAB Harapan Kita yaitu evaluasi kuantitatif penggunaan antibiotik menggunakan metode ATC/DDD, sedangkan evaluasi kualitatif belum dilaksanakan sepenuhnya di RSAB Harapan Kita dan masih terbatas pada antibiotik profilaksis bedah yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan lain.

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Infectious diseases are diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacteria that arise as the body's response to immune system stimulation (Ministry of Health RI, 2021). One of the drugs that are widely used to treat the disease is antibiotics. However, unwise use of antibiotics will result in resistance.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) at RSAB Harapan Kita is one of the main and comorbid infections in pediatric patients whose treatment uses antibiotics. However, RSAB Harapan Kita has not implemented a qualitative evaluation of routine antibiotic use. The purpose of this special task is to determine the accuracy of antibiotic use in hospitalized pediatric patients with UTIs and to know the role of pharmacists in evaluating the use of antibiotics at RSAB Harapan Kita.

The use of antibiotics at RSAB Harapan Kita is evaluated based on the Gyssens flow chart including antibiotic indications, spectrum, dose and interval of antibiotics, duration of antibiotic administration price, effectiveness and safety of antibiotics.

Based on the evaluation results, the use of antibiotics in inpatient pediatric patients with UTIs at RSAB Harapan Kita is still inappropriate. The role of pharmacists in evaluating the use of antibiotics at RSAB Harapan Kita is quantitative evaluation of antibiotic use using the ATC / DDD method, while qualitative evaluation has not been fully implemented at RSAB Harapan Kita and is still limited to surgical prophylactic antibiotics carried out by other health workers."

"ABSTRAKPraktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker di Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita dilakukan selama 6 enam minggu sejak tanggal 1 Maret sampai dengan 11 April 2017. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah agar mahasiswa memahami peranan, tugas dan tanggung jawab apoteker di Rumah Sakit sesuai dengan ketentuan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 72 Tahun 2016; memiliki wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampilan, sikap perilaku profesional dan pengalaman nyata untuk melakukan praktek profesi dan pekerjaan kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit; dan memiliki gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan praktik kefarmasian serta mempelajari strategi dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka pengembangan praktek kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit. Kegiatan pelayanan farmasi klinis yang sudah dilakukan Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita diantaranya pengkajian dan pelayanan resep, pelayanan informasi obat, rekonsiliasi, visite, dan dispensing sediaan steril. Tugas khusus yang diberikan berjudul Analisis Drug Related Problem pada Pasien Anak Z dengan Diagnosa Sindrom Nefrotik di Ruang Rawat Inap Gambir RSAB Harapan Kita. Pelayanan farmasi klinik belum dilakukan sepenuhnya dikarenakan jumlah sumber daya manusia yang tidak memadai.

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ABSTRACTInternship at Children 39 s and Mother 39 s Hospital Harapan Kita held for six 6 weeks from March 1st to April 11th 2017. The internship was intended to make pharmacist students understand the role, duties and responsibilities of pharmacists in hospitals appropriate with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 72 in 2016 have insight, knowledge, skills, professionalism and real experience to do pharmaceutical practice in hospital have a real experience of the problems pharmacy practice and learn the strategies and activities that can be done in order to develop the pharmaceutical practice in hospital. Clinical pharmacy activities that are conducted in Children 39 s and Mother 39 s Hospital Harapan Kita such as assessment and prescription care, drug information care, reconciliation, visite, and dispensing sterile preparations. Special assignment was given that titled Analysis of Drug Related Problems in Pediatric Z Children with Diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome in the Gambir Room Children 39 s and Mother 39 s Hospital Harapan Kita. However, the activities carried out clinical pharmacy not yet fully due to the amount of human resources inadequate."

"Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker di Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita bertujuan untuk memahami peranan, tugas dan tanggung jawab apoteker di rumah sakit sesuai dengan ketentuan dan etika pelayanan farmasi khususnya dan pelayanan kesehatan umumnya; memiliki wawasan, ketrampilan, dan pengalaman praktis untuk melakukan praktek kefarmasian di rumah sakit; dan memiliki gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan praktek kefarmasian serta mempelajari strategi dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka pengembangan praktek kefarmasian di rumah sakit.Sedangkan tugas khusus yang berjudul "Evaluasi Interaksi Obat Batuk Racikan pada Resep di Depo Farmasi 1 (Rawat Jalan) Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita Bulan Maret 2016: bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran interaksi obat batuk racikan yang berpotensi terjadi pada pasien di depo farmasi 1 (rawat jalan) Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita pada bulan Maret 2016.

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Apotechary Professional Internship at Harapan Kita Children and Mother Hospital aims to understand the role, duties and responsibilities of pharmacists in hospitals especially accordance with the provisions and pharmacy services ethics and healthcare generally, and to application pharmacy services in appropriate with the rules and ethics; to have knowledge, skills and experience to carry out the practice of pharmacy in hospitals; and can describe problems of pharmacy practice and to learn the strategies and activities that can be done in order to pharmacy practical development in hospitals.

Meanwhile the special assignment entitled "Drug Interactions Evaluation of Cough Medicine Prescription in Pharmacy Depot1 (Outpatient) Pharmacy Installation at Harapan Kita Children and Mother Hospital March 2016" aims to know the description of cough medicine interaction that could potentially occur in patients in pharmacy depot 1 (outpatient) Pharmacy Installation at Harapan Kita Children and Mother Hospital March 2016."

"ABSTRAKPraktek Kerja Profesi yang dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda (RSAB) Harapan Kita bertujuan agar Calon Apoteker mampu memahami tugas dan tanggung jawab apoteker di Rumah Sakit sesuai dengan ketentuan dan etika pelayanan farmasi khususnya dan pelayanan kesehatan umumnya, memiliki wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan pengalaman praktis untuk melakukan praktek kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit serta memiliki gambaran tentang permasalahan serta strategi pengembangan praktek kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit. Praktek Kerja Profesi di Rumah Sakit tersebut dilaksanakan selama 6 minggu yaitu pada tanggal 3 Juli hingga 11 Agustus 2017. Tugas khusus yang diberikan pada saat praktek kerja profesi di Rumah Sakit yaitu Pengkajian Resep Rawat Jalan RSAB Harapan Kita Periode 17 Juli-23 Juli 2017. Tugas khusus tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelengkapan dan ketepatan resep pasien rawat jalan baik umum, jaminan dan BPJS di RSAB Harapan Kita sehingga diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan dalam proses peresepan di Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita

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ABSTRACTInternship at Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital was intended to make Apothecary student understand roles and responsilibities of pharmacists in hospital, as well as to practice pharmaceutical services in accordance with applicable laws and ethics, to have the insight, knowledge, skills and practical experience in undertaking pharmaceutical practices in Hospital, to have insight of pharmaceutical practice issues and learn strategies and activities that can be undertaken in the course of pharmaceutical practice development. Internship at Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital was held for six weeks that started at 3 July until 11 August 2017. Special assignment was given by title Assessment of Outpatient Prescription at Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital Period of 17 July23 July 2017. The purpose of this special assignment was to assess the completeness and accuracy of outpatient prescriptions at Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital. In addition, it was expected to be input in prescribing process at Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital"

"ABSTRAK Praktek Kerja Profesi di Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita dilaksanakan dengan tujuanuntuk mengetahui dan memahami peran apoteker di Rumah Sakit, baik dalam bidang manajemenpengelolaan perbekalan farmasi maupun dalam hal pelayanan farmasi klinik. Peran apoteker dalammanajemen meliputi perencanaan, pengadaan, penerimaan, penyimpanan, pemusnahan,pengendalian, pencatatan dan pelaporan. Sedangkan pelayanan farmasi klinik meliputi pengkajianresep, dispensing, pelayanan informasi obat, visite, aseptic dispensing, dan konseling. Tugaskhusus yang diberikan adalah mengenai verifikasi dan pengkajian resep di unit rawat jalan. Aspekpengkajian resep meliputi kelengkapan administratif, kesesuaian farmasetis, dan pertimbanganklinis. Hasil yang didapat, prosentase ketidaksesuaian dalam resep yang dikaji sebesar 16 %.Kesimpulannya, pelayanan kefarmasian berupa skrining resep harus dilakukan secara optimaluntuk meminimalisir terjadinya medication error dan terwujudnya pengobatan yang rasional,terutama bagi pasien anak-anak dan bayi. Peran apoteker sangat diperlukan dalam pelayanan ini.ABSTRACT Profession Internship at Harapan Kita Ladies and Children?s Hospital was held to learn and

understand the role of pharmacist in hospital, especially to manage pharmaceuticals and to

deliver pharmaceutical care. Pharmacist has role to manage the pharmaceuticals, such as

planning, supplying, receipt, saving, annihilation, controlling, and reporting. On the other hand,

pharmacist also has to deliver a pharmaceutical care, such as receipt assessment, dispensing,

drug information, visite, aseptic dispensing, and patient counseling. Specific assignment that been

given is the verification and assessment of the recipes in the outpatient unit. Aspects of assessment

recipes include administrative completeness, pharmaceuticals suitability, and clinical judgment.

The results obtained, the percentage of non-conformity in recipes that were examined was 16%. In

conclusion, prescription services should be carried out optimally to minimize the occurrence of

medication errors and the establishment of rational treatments, especially for children and babies

patients. The pharmacist's role is indispensable in this service.

;Profession Internship at Harapan Kita Ladies and Children?s Hospital was held to learn and

understand the role of pharmacist in hospital, especially to manage pharmaceuticals and to

deliver pharmaceutical care. Pharmacist has role to manage the pharmaceuticals, such as

planning, supplying, receipt, saving, annihilation, controlling, and reporting. On the other hand,

pharmacist also has to deliver a pharmaceutical care, such as receipt assessment, dispensing,

drug information, visite, aseptic dispensing, and patient counseling. Specific assignment that been

given is the verification and assessment of the recipes in the outpatient unit. Aspects of assessment

recipes include administrative completeness, pharmaceuticals suitability, and clinical judgment.

The results obtained, the percentage of non-conformity in recipes that were examined was 16%. In

conclusion, prescription services should be carried out optimally to minimize the occurrence of

medication errors and the establishment of rational treatments, especially for children and babies

patients. The pharmacist's role is indispensable in this service.

"