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"Sindrom mielodisplasia (Myelodysplastic Syndrome, MDS) adalah sejumlah gangguan yang terjadi akibat sumsum tulang tidak mampu menghasilkan sel-sel darah yang sehat.1 Diferensiasi sel prekursor darahterganggu, 2 dan apoptosis meningkat dengan signifikan sehingga sel-sel darah menjadi abnormal yang tidak sepenuhnya berkembang. 3 Gen PI-PLCß1 terlibat dalam proliferasi dan diferensiasi. Mutasi gen PI-PLCß1 dapat memengaruhi peningkatan proliferasi sel blast pada MDS dan cenderung bertransformasi menjadi Leukemia Mieloblastik Akut (Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia, AML). Diketahui PI-PLCβ1 berperan dalam kontrol siklus sel pada transisi G1/S dan perkembangan G2/M. Disregulasi ekspresi gen PI-PLCß1 menyebabkan gangguan pada jalur pensinyalan yang melibatkan proses diferensiasi sel, sehingga terjadi perubahan diferensiasi sel prekursor darah yang menyimpang. Banyak faktor yang menyulitkan pengamatan dalam pemeriksaan sitogenetika pada pasien MDS. Sehingga pemeriksaan ekspresi gen PI-PLCß1 diharapkan akan menjadi pengkajian awal dalam menilai prognostik MDS. Desain penelitian deskriptif dan analitik pada 4 subjek penelitian (3 pasien MDS-MLD, 1 pasien MDS yang telah menjadi AML), dan kontrol pasien dengan kelainan hematologi lain (Multiple Mieloma) sebanyak 1 pasien, serta 1 kontrol sehat. Sebanyak 3/5 (80%) memiliki kelainan kariotip kompleks, dan 1/5 (20%) memiliki kelainan kariotip ganda, dan 1/5 (20%) memiliki kelainan kariotip tunggal. Ekspresi gen PI-PLCß1 lebih rendah pada 4 pasien (MDS dan AML). Sedangkan pada 1 kontrol pasien dengan kelainan hematologi lainnya memiliki ekspresi gen PI-PLCß1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol sehat. Ekspresi gen PI-PLCß1 lebih rendah pada pasien MDS dengan prognosis yang lebih buruk menurut skoring IPSS-R.

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Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a number of disorders that occur due to the bone marrow is not able to produce healthy blood cells. 1 The differentiation of blood precursor cells is impaired, 2 and apoptosis increases significantly that the blood cells become abnormal and do not fully develop. 3 The PI-PLCß1 gene is involved in proliferation and differentiation. PI-PLCß1 gene mutations can affect the increase in blast cell proliferation in MDS and tend to transform into Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). It is known that PI-PLCβ1 plays a role in cell cycle control in the G1/S transition and G2/M development. Dysregulation of PI-PLCß1 gene expression causes disruption of signaling pathways that involve the process of cell differentiation, resulting in aberrant changes in blood precursor cell differentiation. Many factors complicate observations in the cytogenetic studies of MDS patients. Therefore, it is hoped that the examination of PI-PLCß1 gene expression will be an initial assessment in assessing the prognostic value of MDS. The study design was descriptive and analytic in 5 study subjects (3 MDS-MLD patients, 1 AML patient, and 1 MM patient). Most of the patients had complex karyotype abnormalities, the rest had multiple karyotype abnormalities and single karyotype abnormalities. PI-PLCß1 gene expression was decreased in all MDS and AML patients. Meanwhile, MM patients had normal PI-PLCß1 gene expression. However, the increase in IPSS-R scores in patients was not significantly associated with a decrease in the expression of the PI-PLCß1 gene."

"Fenomena utama pada pasien MDS adalah sitopenia di darah tepi, namun disertai kondisi hiperselular di sumsum tulang. sCD40L dianggap sebagai sitokin yang dapat memicu sintesis TNFα sebagai sitokin proapoptosis dan memicu sintesis VEGF sebagai sitokin proangiogenesis pada MDS. Oleh sebab itu sCD40L dianggap berpotensi sebagai biopenanda untuk memperkirakan perburukan pada MDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan peran pajanan rh-sCD40L dalam menginduksi sintesis TNFα dan VEGF pada sel progenitor hematopoesis, serta membuktikan peran pajanan TNFα dalam memicu apoptosis pada sel progenitor hematopoesis dan sel mesenkim MDS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in vitro komparatif. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien MDS yang didiagnosis dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kriteria WHO 2008. Pada bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) dipajankan dengan rh-sCD40L dan antiCD40L, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA TNFα dan mRNA VEGF yang dikuantifikasi dengan qRT-PCR, serta pemeriksaan kadar TNFα dan VEGF yang diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Pada sel CD34+, CD33+, CD41+, dan CD73+ dipajankan rhTNFα kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan aktivitas kaspase-3 dengan imunoflowsitometri.Terdapat 15 sampel MDS terdiri dari 4 dengan diagnosis RCUD, 7 RCMD, dan 4 RAEB1, serta 7 sampel kontrol. Pajanan rh-sCD40L meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA TNFα secara bermakna dibandingkan pajanan antiCD40L. Pajanan rh-sCD40L meningkatkan kadar TNFα secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol. Namun pajanan rh-sCD40L tidak meningkatkan mRNA VEGF dan kadar protein VEGF. Pajanan rhTNFα meningkatkan aktivitas kaspase-3 pada sel progenitor MDS terutama yang berdiferensiasi menjadi mieloid (CD33+) dan megakariosit-trombosit (CD41+). Pajanan rhTNFα meningkatkan aktivitas kaspase-3 pada sel mesenkim (CD73+) MDS Simpulan: sCD40L berperan dalam meningkatkan sintesis sitokin proapoptosis TNFα di level mRNA dan protein, namun tidak terbukti berperan dalam meningkatkan sintesis proangiogenesis VEGF. TNFα berperan dalam meningkatkan apoptosis terutama pada sel hematopoesis yang telah berdiferensiasi menjadi seri mieloid dan seri megakariosit-trombosit, dan berperan dalam meningkatkan apoptosis pada sel mesenkim.

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Cytopenia is the primary phenomenon in Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) patients, amidst hypercellular bone marrow. The soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is considered as a cytokine that can trigger synthesis of TNFα and VEGF. The former is known as a cytokine that promotes apoptosis while the latter promotes angiogenesis in MDS patients. Therefore, the sCD40L may serve as a potential biomarker to predict worsening of MDS. This study aims to prove the role of rh-sCD40L exposure in inducing the synthesis of TNFα and VEGF in hematopoietic progenitor cells, as well as to establish the role of TNFα exposure in triggering apoptotic activity in hematopoietic progenitor and mesenchymal cells of MDS. The study was a comparative in vitro experimental study. Subjects were MDS patients diagnosed and classified using the WHO 2008 criteria. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were exposed to rh-sCD40L and antiCD40L. The expressions of TNFα and VEGF mRNAs were then quantified by qRT-PCR, and the level of TNFα and VEGF were measured using the ELISA method. The CD34+, CD33+, CD41+, and CD73+ cells were exposed to rhTNFα, then the activity of enzyme caspase-3 was measured using the immunoflowcytometry.There were 7 control and 15 MDS samples with the following diagnoses: 4 RCUD, 7 RCMD, and 4 RAEB1. Compared to antiCD40L, it is found that exposure of rh-sCD40L significantly increased the expression of TNFα mRNA. The similar exposure also significantly increased the level of TNFα compared to controls. However, the exposure of rh-sCD40L did not increase the expression of VEGF mRNA as well as the level of VEGF. The exposure of rhTNFα was found to increase the activity of caspase-3 in MDS progenitor cells, particularly those differentiated into myeloid cells (CD33+) and megakaryocyte-thrombocyte cells (CD41+). The exposure of rhTNFα was found to increase the activity of caspase-3 in MDS mesenchymal (CD73+) cells.Conclusion: The sCD40L plays a role in increasing the synthesis of TNFα which favors apoptotic activity in mRNA and protein level, but not in improving the synthesis of VEGF that promotes angiogenesis. Furthermore, TNFα plays a role in increasing apoptotic activity of hematopoietic cells, particularly those that have differentiated into myeloid series and megakaryocyte-thrombocyte series cells. Also TNFα plays a role in increasing apoptotic activity of mesenchymal cells."

"Latar Belakang: Sindroma ovarium polikistik (SOPK) merupakan sebuah penyakti dengan prevalensi yang tinggi dan beban kesehatan yang besar. Hingga saat ini, penyebab SOPK masih belum jelas. Penelitian sebelumnya mengenai ekspresi reseptor vitamin D (VDR) pada pasien SOPK menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan namun belum terbukti secara jelas. Oleh sebab itu, diduga bahwa polimorfisme VDR berperan penting dalam kejadian dan beratnya gejala SOPK.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada pasien SOPK dan wanita usia reproduktif non-SOPK sebagai kontrol pada November 2019 hingga 2021. Pasien hamil, menyusui, memiliki riwayat gangguan hormon adrenal, tiroid, maupun prolaktin, atau mengonsumsi obat hormonal dalam 6 bulan terakhir dieksklusi dari penelitian. Subjek penelitian direkrut secara konsekutif. Ekspresi VDR dinilai dari ekspresi mRNA VDR yang dinilai dengan pemeriksaan PCR. Polimorfisme VDR dinilai pada tiga titik regio penyandi gen, yakni rs7975232, rs11574113, dan rs11574114.Hasil: Sebanyak 80 pasien SOPK dan 80 pasien kontrol diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. genotip A/A pada regio rs7975232 dan genotip C/C pada regio rs11574113 lebih banyak didapatkan pada pasien dengan SOPK. Di sisi lain, genotip A/C pada regio rs7975232 dan genotip C/G pada regio rs11574114 lebih banyak didapatkan pada kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi VDR pada pasien dengan polimorfisme yang berbeda (p > 0,05).Kesimpulan: Didapatkan polimorfisme gen penyandi VDR yang berbeda antara pasien SOPK dan non-SOPK. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan ekspresi VDR yang bermakna antara pasien SOPK dan non-SOPK.

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (SOPK) is a disease with a high prevalence and a large health burden. Until now, the cause of SOPK is still unclear. Previous studies on vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in PCOS patients have shown promising results but have not been clearly proven. Therefore, it is suspected that the VDR polymorphism plays an important role in the incidence and severity of PCOS symptoms.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on PCOS patients and non-SOPK women of reproductive age as controls from November 2019 to 2021. Patients who were pregnant, breastfeeding, had a history of adrenal, thyroid, or prolactin hormone disorders, or had taken hormonal drugs in the last 6 months were excluded from the study. study. Research subjects were recruited consecutively. VDR expression was assessed from VDR mRNA expression assessed by PCR examination. VDR polymorphism was assessed at three points in the gene encoding region, namely rs7975232, rs11574113, and rs11574114.

Results: A total of 80 PCOS patients and 80 control patients were included in the study. A/A genotypes in the rs7975232 region and C/C genotypes in the rs11574113 region were more common in patients with PCOS. On the other hand, the A/C genotype in the rs7975232 region and the C/G genotype in the rs11574114 region were more common in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in VDR expression in patients with different polymorphisms (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: Different polymorphisms of the VDR coding gene were found between PCOS and non-SOPK patients. There was no significant difference in VDR expression between PCOS and non-SOPK patients."

"ABSTRAKRuang Iingkup dan Cara Penelitian : Mesin amplas yang dipakai pada perusahaan mebel ratan " RR " sangat membantu dan mempermudah pekerjaan tenaga kerja, namun dapat menimbulkan Sindrom Getaran Tangan dan Lengan.Telah dilakukan identifikasi penyakit akibat kerja Sindrom Getaran Tangan dan Lengan pada karyawan perusahaan tersebut dengan menggunakan test Allen, test Lewis Prusik, tes rasa raba, tes rasa nyeri dan tes rasa suhu. Selanjutnya dilakukan studi intervensi dan penatalaksanaan Sindrom Getaran Tangan dan Lengan terhadap 3 ( tiga ) orang tenaga kerja dengan masa kerja lebih dari 1 ( satu ) tahun pada bagian amplas. Pengumpulan data telah dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan, anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, kuesioner dan alai pengukur getaran.Kesimpulan dan Saran : Didapatkan 3 (tiga) orang tenaga kerja menderita Sindrom Getaran Tangan dan Lengan derajat berat. Studi intervensi selama ± 2 bulan berupa penggunaan sarung tangan belum menghasilkan temuan yang konklusif, diperlukan penanganan yang bersifat komprehensif untuk keberhasilannya.

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ABSTRACT

Hand and Arm Vibration Syndrome on Labours of Rattan Furniture Company " RR "Material and Method : The fig tree machine which was used in rattan furniture company " RR " has been very helpful to the worker.

However it may cause hand and arm vibration syndrome. There was an intervention study of three workers with fig tree work exprience more than one year in the company. Data were collected by means of observation, anamnesis, physical examination, questionare and vibration examination.

Conclusion and Suggestion : Three workers were identified as patients suffer with severe hand and arm vibration syndrome. No conclusive results found from the intervention study a comprehensive management should be taken to produce a successful result."

"From the world renowned Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, this book is written for all physicians who treat patients with acute or chronic leukemias or myelodysplasia. It is designed to answer questions about treatment approaches that commonly arise in day-to-day practice. In keeping with the center’s groundbreaking research in bone marrow transplantation, the book provides exceptional coverage of the role of allogeneic transplant in treatment. It also addresses the important issues of supportive care and long-term complications of successful treatment. •Edited and written by experts at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center•Clinically focused and comprehensive coverage of treatment approaches• Allogeneic transplant addressed in detail• Separate chapters on supportive care and long-term complications"

"Latar belakang: Sindrom ovarium polikistik (SOPK) merupakan salah satu kelainan endokrin paling umum pada 7-15% wanita usia reproduksi yang menyebabkan infertilitas anovulatori. SOPK sering ditemukan pada wanita gemuk, sekitar 50-75% tetapi sindrom ini juga dapat ditemukan pada wanita kurus sebesar 5,5%. Penyebab dan patogenesis SOPK sampai sekarang masih diperdebatkan tapi hasil penelitian memperlihatkan hiperandrogen dan resistensi insulin terlibat dalam perkembangan perjalanan penyakit dan fenotip SOPK. Efek androgen dimediasi oleh reseptor androgen (AR) sedangkan efek insulin dimediasi oleh reseptor insulin (INSR). Ekspresi dan aksi dari kedua reseptor ini terutama pada sel granulosa ovarium dapat dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme epigenetik yang diduga terlibat dalam perkembangan penyakit SOPK ini. Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat metilasi DNA pada gen reseptor androgen (AR) dan reseptor insulin (INSR) serta ekspresi mRNAnya pada sel granulosa subjek SOPK dan nir-SPOK. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel berupa sel granulosa dari folikel ovarium didapatkan dari wanita yang melakukan ovum pick up (OPU) di klinik Yasmin RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo yang kemudian dilakukan isolasi DNA dan RNA. Pada isolat DNA dilakukan konversi bisulfit, Methyl Specifik PCR (MSP), elektroforesis dan analisis ketebalan pita dengan perangkat lunak ImageJ untuk mendapatkan data tingkat metilasi DNA. Pada isolat RNA dilakukan qPCR untuk mendapatkan ekspresi relatif mRNA gen AR dan INSR. Hasil: Analisis data dari 21 subjek SOPK dan 20 subjek nir SOPK menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,00) tingkat metilasi DNA gen AR pada pasien SOPK (45.24 %±16,84) dibandingkan nir-SOPK (84,96±15,45). Analisis gen INSR, pada subjek SOPK 100% tidak terjadi metilasi pada promotor gen INSR tetapi pada subjek nir-SOPK 1 dari 21 wanita mengalami metilasi parsial ((37,82%±8,25). Dari penelitian juga didapatkan terjadinya peningkatan ekspresi relatif mRNA AR sebesar 2,459 kali dan 1,791 kali pada mRNA INSR. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara tingkat metilasi gen AR dan INSR dengan ekspresi mRNAnya. Kesimpulan: Penurunan tingkat metilasi DNA (hipometilasi) pada gen AR dan INSR dapat meningkatkan tingkat ekspresi mRNA AR dan INSR, yang kemudian berkontribusi terhadap kejadian hiperandrogen dan resistensi insulin pada fenotip subjek SOPK.

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in 7-15% of women of reproductive age who cause anovulatory infertility. PCOS is often found in obese women, around 50-75% but this syndrome can also be found in thin women at 5.5%. The causes and pathogenesis of PCOS is still debated but the results of the study show hyperandrogen and insulin resistance involved in the development of the disease course and the PCOS phenotype. The androgen effect is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR) while the effect of insulin is mediated by the insulin receptor (INSR). The expression and action of these two receptors, especially in ovarian granulosa cells can be influenced by epigenetic mechanisms that are thought to be involved in the development of PCOS.

Objective: To determine the level of DNA methylation in the androgen receptor gene (AR) and insulin receptor (INSR) and its mRNA expression in the SOPK and nir-SPOK granulosa cells.

Method: This study is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional design. Samples in the form of granulosa cells from ovarian follicles were obtained from women who performed ovum pick up (OPU) at the Yasmin clinic Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital which was then isolated from DNA and RNA. DNA isolates were carried out bisulfite conversion, Methyl Specific PCR (MSP), electrophoresis and tape thickness analysis with ImageJ software to obtain DNA methylation level data. QPCR was performed on RNA isolates to obtain the relative expression of the AR and INSR mRNA genes.

Results: Analysis of data from 21 SOPK subjects and 20 non-PCOS subjects showed significant differences (p = 0.00) of AR gene DNA methylation rates in PCOS patients (45.24% ± 16.84) compared to non-PCOS (84.96 ± 15 , 45). INSR gene analysis, in the subject of 100% PCOS there was no methylation of the INSR gene promoter but in non-PCOS subjects 1 out of 21 women had partial methylation ((37.82% ± 8.25). AR is 3.459 times and 2.791 times in INSR mRNA. There is no correlation between the rate of methylation of the AR and INSR genes with their mRNA expression.

Conclusion: Decreasing levels of DNA methylation (hypomethylation) in AR and INSR genes can increase the level of expression of mRNA AR and INSR, which then contributes to the incidence of hyperandrogen and insulin resistance in the phenotype of the PCOS subject."

"This book explores the forces that have shaped the evolution of organelle genomes and the expression of the genes encoded by them. Some striking examples of trends in organelle evolution explored here are the reduction in genome size and gene coding content observed in most lineages, the complete loss of organelle DNA in certain lineages, and the unusual modes of gene expression that have emerged, such as the extensive and essential mRNA editing that occurs in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts. This book places particular emphasis on the current techniques used to study the evolution of organelle genomes and gene expression."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Biokeramik dan silikon merupakan material terbaru yang saat ini telah dipasarkan. Untuk melihat perbandingan antara material tersebut dibutuhkan uji sitogenetik dengan menggunakan resin metakrilat. Tujuan: Melihat perbandingan sitogenetik siler berbahan dasar biokeramik, silikon, dan resin metakrilat terhadap limfosit T. Metode: Menilai mikronukleus dalam 1000 sel binukleat yang terbentuk setelah pemaparan siler resin metakrilat, silikon, dan biokeramik terhadap limfosit T pada hari ke 1, 3 dan 7 hari. Hasil: Nilai mikronukleus siler biokeramik dan silikon lebih rendah dari siler resin metakrilat dengan nilai kemaknaan ABSTRACT Background Bioceramic and Silicone sealer are the latest material that widely commercialized nowadays. Cytogenetic test of bioceramic and silicone sealer need to be verified by testing with methacrylate resin. Purpose To observe cytogenetic of bioceramic, silicone, and methacrylate resin sealer on lymphocyte T. Methods Counting the number of micronuclei after the treats of bioceramic, silicone and metharylate resin sealer on lymphocyte T between 1,3 , adn 7 days. Results Micronuclei score of bioceramic and silicone lower than methacrylate resin with significance value p"

"Penggunaan gawai oleh mahasiswa terus mengalami perkembangan. Sistem pembelajaran yang berubah drastis akibat pandemi Covid-19 mengharuskan para mahasiswa untuk menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu dengan gawainya sehingga berisiko mengalami gejala sindrom mata kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan durasi penggunaan gawai dengan gejala sindrom mata kering pada mahasiswa rumpun ilmu kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian melibatkan 237 mahasiswa Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia sebagai sampel penelitian yang dipilih melalui urposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian adalah Kuesioner Penggunaan Gadget dan kuesioner Ocular Surface Disease Index. Sebanyak 54,9% responden memiliki durasi penggunaan gawai yang tinggi. Prevalensi gejala sindrom mata kering ditemukan pada 149 responden (62,9%). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel durasi penggunaan gawai dengan gejala sindrom mata kering pada mahasiswa rumpun ilmu kesehatan (p <0,001). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah semakin tinggi durasi penggunaan gawai, maka semakin tinggi pula gejala sindrom mata kering yang dialami penderita. Mahasiswa sebagai kelompok yang rentan terpapar penggunaan gawai dengan waktu yang cukup lama perlu memberi perhatian lebih terhadap kemungkinan timbulnya masalah penglihatan, termasuk sindrom mata kering.

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The use of gadgets among university students continues to grow. The learning system that has drastically changed due to the Covid-19 pandemic requires students to spend more time with their gadgets, putting them at risk of experiencing symptoms of dry eye syndrome. This study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of gadget usage and symptoms of dry eye syndrome in health sciences cluster students. This study is a quantitative study with a crosssectional design. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling with a total of 237 Health Sciences Cluster Students of Universitas Indonesia. The research instruments were the Kuesioner Penggunaan Gadget and the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. A total of 54.9% of respondents had a high duration of device use. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome symptoms was found in 149 respondents (62.9%). The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the variable duration of gadget and symptoms of dry eye syndrome in health sciences cluster students (p <0.001). In summary, the higher the duration of device use, the higher the symptoms of dry eye syndrome experienced by patients. Students as a vulnerable group exposed to the use of gadgets for a long time need to pay more attention to the possibility of vision problems, including dry eye syndrome."