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"Lonjakan impor kain yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2019 menyebabkan industri kain dalam negeri menderita. Pemerintah Indonesia kemudian menetapkan kebijakan dalam rangka tindakan pengamanan atas produk kain. Kebijakan ini ditetapkan dalam bentuk Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan (BMTP) yang dikenakan atas impor produk kain. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai implementasi dari pengenaan kebijakan BMTP dalam rangka mengendalikan lonjakan serta melindungi industri kain dalam negeri atas impor produk kain. Penetapan kebijakan ini didasari oleh permohonan dari Asosiasi Pertekstilan Indonesia atas adanya lonjakan impor produk kain yang menyebabkan kerugian serius terhadap industri kain dalam negeri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan BMTP atas impor produk kain serta kendala yang terjadi saat pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data, yakni studi lapangan melalui wawancara mendalam serta studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi dari kebijakan BMTP atas produk kain tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan tujuan ditetapkannya kebijakan ini yaitu melindungi industri kain dalam negeri dari kerugian. Hal ini dikarenakan injury yang dialami oleh industri kain di Indonesia yang cukup signifikan akibat masih terkendala dalam sosialisasi serta belum terdapatnya peraturan pendukung dalam implementasi kebijakan BMTP atas produk kain di Indonesia.

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The surge in fabric imports that occurred in Indonesia from 2018 to 2019 caused the domestic fabric industry to suffer. The Indonesian government then established a policy aimed at securing fabric products. This policy was implemented in the form of Import Duty Security Measures (BMTP) imposed on imported fabric products. This study examines the implementation of the BMTP policy in controlling the surge and protecting the domestic fabric industry from imported fabric products. The policy was enacted based on a request from the Indonesian Textile Association, citing a significant surge in fabric product imports that caused serious losses to the domestic fabric industry. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the BMTP policy on imported fabric products and the challenges encountered during its implementation. The study adopts a post-positivist approach with data collection techniques, including field studies through in-depth interviews and literature review. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of the BMTP policy on fabric products is not fully aligned with its intended goal of protecting the domestic fabric industry from losses. This is due to the significant injury suffered by the fabric industry in Indonesia, primarily caused by constraints in socialization efforts and the absence of supporting regulations for implementing the BMTP policy on fabric products in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini meneliti tentang implementasi kebijakan pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan pada impor produk paku. Kebijakan ini dikeluarkan seiring melonjaknya impor paku dari luar negeri yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kerugian serius pada industri dalam negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan tujuan penelitiannya bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tahapan implementasi pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan sama dengan tahapan pengenaan bea masuk impor normal, yang membedakan hanyalah tambahan pembayaran pajak beserta dokumen yang dibutuhkan dan kendala yang dialami dalam penerapan ini adalah masalah sosialisasi. Pengawasan dalam kebijakan ini dilakukan oleh tiga instansi yaitu DJBC, BKF dan KPPI. Pencapaian yang telah diperoleh adalah menurunnya jumlah impor paku dan industri dalam negeri mampu memulihkan kerugian. Pengenaan BMTP ini akan lebih lengkap jika didampingi dengan kebijakan lain yang mampu membuat industri paku dalam negeri mampu bersaing dengan industri luar negeri.

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This thesis analyzes the Implementation of The Imposition of Import Duties Safeguard's Policy Against Nails Import Products. This policy is issued as a nail surging imports from abroad, which caused serious losses to the domestic industry. This thesis uses a qualitative approach and the research purpose is descriptive. The result indicates that the implementation stage of the imposition of import duties safeguard is the same as the implementation stage of the imposition of import duties normally. However, the requirement documents are different. Constraints experienced in the implementation are a matter of socialization to the importers. Monitoring is conducted by DJBC, BKF and KPPI. Achievements that have been obtained are the nail import is significantly decreasing and the domestic industry is able to recover the losses. Imposition of BMTP is considered to be more completed if accompanied by the other policies that can make the domestic nails industries are able to compete with foreign industries."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini meneliti mengenai efektivitas dari implementasi kebijakan pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan sementara sebagai instrumen tindakan pengamanan sementara atas produk kain dalam negeri. Kebijakan ini diatur melalui aturan PMK No. 162/PMK.010/2019 tentang Pengenaan Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan Sementara Terhadap Impor Produk Kain. Penetapan kebijakan ini dilatar belakangi oleh permohonan Asosiasi Pertekstilan Indonesia (API) atas dasar bukti adanya lonjakan impor kain yang mengakibatkan injury terhadap industri kain dalam negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data , yaitu studi lapangan melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan BMTPS yang diatur dalam PMK No. 162 tahun 2019 belum mencakup keseluruhan pos tarif produk kain yang menderita injury akibat lonjakan impor. Namun, implementasi kebijakan BMTPS ini cukup efektif dalam menekan lonjakan impor produk kain. Dalam kata lain kebijakan ini merupakan kebijakan yang tepat untuk menekan lonjkan impor kain. Namun, tindakan safeguard ini belum dapat dikatakan efektif dalam memulihkan kerugian serius yang diderita industri dalam negeri, karena hanya berlaku selama 200 hari. Untuk dapat melihat apakah tindakan safeguard ini telah efektif dalam memulihan kerugian serius yang di derita industri dalam negeri, maka perlu diterapkan secara definitif selama tiga tahun.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of import duties provisional safeguard measures on fabric products. The policy set through the Minister of Finance Regulation that is PMK No. 162 / PMK.010 / 2019 regarding The Imposition of The Implementation of Imports of Duties Provisional Safeguard Measures Againts Fabric Import Products. The determination of the policy is motivated by the application of the Indonesian Textile Association on the basis of evidence showing a surge in imports which resulted in serious injury to the domestic industry. This thesis uses a post-positive approach with data collection techniques is field reserch through in-dept interview and literature study. The result shows that the tarrif posts are specified in the PMK No. 162/2019 do not cover all fabric products that have suffered serious injuries due to the surge in imports, which makes some fabric entrepreneurs feel disappointed. Even though, the implementation of provisional safeguard measures duties on fabric product import duties are quite effective in suppressing the surge in fabric imports. In other words this policy is the right policy to overcome the surge in fabric imports which is detrimental to the domestic industry. However, the safeguard measures cannot yet be said to be effective in recovering the serious injury suffered by the domestic industry, because it is only for 200 days. To be able to see whether this safeguard measure has been effective in recovering serious injuries to the domestic industry, it must be applied definitively for three years.

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"Inspection of goods which are going out and coming in Customs Territory conducted by institution that have been assigned by government, which is Customs or international surveyor. The assignation of inspecting operator depends on the system used by pertinent government. If the government applies a pre-shipment inspection (PSI) system that is inspection of imported goods in a port load provided by independent private company to both exporters and government in order to give assessment of goods to be imported and exported, the operator is an international surveyor. On the other hand, if the government uses an on arrival inspection (OAI) system that is an inspection of imported goods in destination port, the operator is a local Customs.

A government can also apply PSI system and OAI system concurrently, for example, Indonesia in 1985 up to 1990. At that period, PSI operator checks importation with value above FOB US$ 5,000.00, and OAI operator checks importation with value until FOB USS 5,000.00, Along with the increasing of commercial activity and market forces demand to enhance Customs service and to fulfill Customs commitment as a member of World Customs Organization (WCO), hence existing Customs procedures and systems continue to develop. Since the launching of Law # 1011995 about Customs, inspection system of imported goods in Indonesia embraces an OAI system which is in Law # 10/1995 gives a larger trust to market forces, but it is without disregarding state's finance security. OAI system is based on a self-assessment implementation, risk management and a post clearance audit. The supervisory of OAI system relied on a post clearance audit, so it doesn't interfere the releasing of imported goods from the port The PCA implementation is a logical consequence of self-assessment implementation and selective physical examination which is embraced by Law # 10/1995 about Customs.

In general, advantage of PSI system is to give benefit to exporter and importer to his imported goods, so it can comply with quantity and quality of goods demanding in sales agreement. Besides, PSI can give benefit to government by improving state revenue through evasion of imported goods which are under standard, increasing foreign trade management by providing accurate commerce statistic, and supporting and pushing foreign capital cultivation incentive plan.

On the other hand, results of research conducted by Lembaga Manajemen Universitas Indonesia (LM UI) in 1997 indicating that the government have to pay US$1 for each of US$163.63 import value which is done by SGS as The PSI system operator during 1995 - 1997, comparing to USS 1 for each of US$ $ 989,22 import value which is done by Customs as The OAL system operator in the year after SGS implementation. Thereby, the results indicate that The OAI system is more efficient compared to The PSI system. Results of research of LM UI also show that for each of USS 1 fee paid by government to SGS yield by US$ 4.40 of import duty revenue, while for each of US$ 1 fee paid by government to Customs yield US$ 18.68 of import duty revenue. Again, the data indicate that The OAI system is more effective compared to The PSI system.

Meanwhile, based on results research conducted by ECONIT Advisory Group, the cost paid by government during implementation of SGS service equal to almost 15% from total import duty in a yearlong. Whereas the cost paid by government to defray DJBC only equal to less than 14° c let %ear from total cost paid to SGS. Farther, cost which is must be paid by government dung import pattern by using PSI system that is executed by SGS indicate that government have to pay 0.6% on average from import value or 23% from collected import duty. Cost Collection equal to 23% is counted very high and above maximum international standard cost collection, which is 5% on average.

From system comparison and procedure analysis and cost-benefit analysis between PSI system and OAI system, PSI supporters argument and field facts, deeply interview, and perception participate observation results with some parties who is related to inspection system of imported goods in Indonesia, it can be concluded till now that The OAI system is the inspection system that are cheapest, fastest, simplest, most effective, and most efficient. This matter can be proved from its cost, time, and OAI procedure."

"Penelitian ini tentang implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan atas impor produk I dan H section dari baja paduan lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivist, jenis penelitian deskriptif, dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan atas impor produk I dan H section dari baja paduan lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan berdasarkan variabel idealized policy sebagai kebijakan yang ideal terdapat kebijakan formal dan program untuk mencapai tujuan. Pada variabel target group, kebijakan bea masuk tindakan pengamaan berpengaruh bagi importir terkait dengan biaya, serta bagi industri baja untuk pulih dari kerugian. Pada variabel implementing group, penerapan kebijakan perpanjangan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan memiliki kendala terkait dengan dwelling time dan pemeriksaan barang impor di pelabuhan. Pada variabel environmental factor, implementasi pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan dipengaruhii oleh produksi baja global serta dukungan pemerintah untuk keseimbangan ekspor impor pada neraca perdagangan. Untuk mengoptimalkan tujuan kebijakan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan, sebaiknya buat peraturan khusus mengenai pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh kementerian terkait, terhadap penyesuaian struktural industri dalam negeri.

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This research analyzes the policy Implementation of Extension Import Duties Safeguards Policy To Import Products I and H section from Parts Other Alloy Steel. This research conducted by post positivist, approach with descriptive purpose, and it is use to analyzes the implementation policy regard safeguards important products I and H from parts other alloy steel. The results of this study indicates the policy of implementing security duties based on idealized policy variables as ideal policies that have formal policies and programs to achieve goals. In the target group variables, import duty policies prioritize importers and the steel industry is able to recover the losses. In the implementing group variable, the implementation of the policy that adding security duties is related to dwelling time and is to the inspection of important goods at the port. On environmental factor variables, the implementation of the imposition of security duties related to global steel production and government support for trade of balance. To optimize the aims of import duties safeguards policy, special regulations should be about supervision carried out byrelevant ministries, to structural adjustment of domestic industry."

"Penyelundupan yang terjadi antara Indonesia dan negara anggota ACFTA dapat dilihat dari gap perdagangan ekspor-impor.Penyelundupan terjadi karena upaya menghindari tarif bea masuk, sehingga terjadi manipulasi dokumen masuk, baik dalam hal kuantitas dan harga barang impor. Perubahan kebijakan tarif bea masuk pada kerjasama ACFTA dan peningkatan sanksi denda diduga mempengaruhi penyelundupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel fixed effect untuk menganalisis perubahan kebijakan tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain : 1. Terjadi penurunan penyelundupan setelah penerapan kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk pada kerjasama ACFTA, dan 2. Terjadi penurunan penyelundupan setelah penerapan kebijakan peningkatan sanksi denda maksimal.Klasifikasi JEL : F13, H26, K20.

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Smuggling that occurred between Indonesia and the ACFTA member countries can be seen from the import export trade gap. Smuggling occurs because the attempt to avoid tariffs, resulting in the manipulation of incoming documents, both in terms of quantity and price of imported goods. The policy change tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation and increase financial penalties affecting allegedly smuggling. This study uses a fixed effect panel data regression to analyze the policy change. The results obtained are 1. The reduction of smuggling after the application of policy to reduce tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation, and 2. A decrease in smuggling after the implementation of the policy of increasing the maximum financial penalties .JEL Code F14, H26, K42."

"Kegiatan jual beli pakaian bekas impor di Indonesia terus berkembang hingga saat ini. Padahal jika diteliti lebih lanjut bahwa terdapat isu perihal pengenaan bea masuk terhadap impor pakaian bekas. Hal ini terkait dengan Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No. 12 Tahun 2020 tentang Barang Dilarang Diimpor yang menyatakan bahwa pakaian bekas, dengan Tarif Pos/Harmonized System Code 6309.00.00, dilarang untuk diimpor. Sedangkan pada Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 6/PMK.010/2017 tentang Penetapan Sistem Klasifikasi Barang dan Pembebanan Tarif Bea Masuk atas Barang Impor menetapkan tarif bea masuk pakaian bekas, dengan Tarif Pos/Harmonized System Code 6309.00.00, sebesar 35%. Hal ini mengakibatkan ketidakpastian hukum di masyarakat dan kerugian bagi negara. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan alasan terjadinya perbedaan pengaturan berdasarkan kedua peraturan tersebut dan bentuk penyelesaian hukum bea masuk impor pakaian bekas dalam rangka melindungi kepentingan nasional dan alasan pindahan, sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Batasan penggunaan data tersier dan alat pengumpulan data berupa studi dokumen. Berdasarkan studi yang sudah dilakukan, peneliti akan menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada pengenaan bea masuk terhadap impor pakaian bekas karena pakaian bekas dilarang untuk diimpor. Oleh karena itu, dari hasil penelitian ini, peneliti menyarankan agar pemerintah dapat melakukan sosialisasi dan meninjau kembali perihal pengaturan bea masuk dan impor pakaian bekas.

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To this day, the trade of imported used clothing is steadily increasing in Indonesia. As matter of fact, there is a prominent issue that concerns the import duty taxes of used clothing. This is in regards to the Ministry of Trade Regulation No. 12/2020 regarding the import ban on select goods, which dictates that imports of used clothing with a postal rate of/Harmonized System Code 6309.00.00 are prohibited. Whereas the Ministry of Finance Regulation No. 6/PMK.010/2017 regarding the determination of goods classification system and imposition of import duty rate specifies that imports of used clothing, with a postal rate of/Harmonized System Code 6309.00.00, are subject to import duty of 35%. This ambiguity causes a legal uncertainty to be present within the Indonesian society and resulting in a loss for the country. This study will attempt to give an explanation to the clash of supervision based on the two regulations and a form of legal conclusion to the import tax duties of used clothing on cases of protecting the national interests and on cases of relocation, therefore, a juridical-normative approach was used in this study. This study was conducted within the limitations of tertiary data and the tools of data collection were in the form of document study. Based on the study that has been conducted, the researcher has concluded that there are no applications of import duties of used clothing because of the import ban on used clothing. Therefore, based on the result of this research, the researcher recommends that the Indonesian government to review and socialize the regulations in regards to import duties of used clothing. "

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai analisis penerapan kebijakan bea masuk atas impor bahan baku susu dalam rangka mendukung strategi pelaksanaan Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia (MP3EI). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang mendorong pemerintah mengembalikan tarif bea masuk bahan baku susu menjadi 5%, serta penerapan dan implikasi dari kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya keberatan dari pihak peternak sapi perah menjadi latar belakang dikembalikannya tarif bea masuk bahan baku susu menjadi 5%. Kelebihan dari kebijakan bea masuk bahan baku susu dengan tarif 5% antara lain petani susu dalam negeri mendapat perlindungan dari pemerintah, surplus produsen meningkat, dan meningkatnya penerimaan negara. Kelemahan dari kebijakan ini adalah industri menanggung beban banyaknya perizinan impor bahan baku susu, berkurangnya surplus konsumen dan menurunnya efek bersih.

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This thesis analyses the implementation of a custom duty policy on raw milk imports in order to support the implementation of Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development. The purposes of this research are to analyze the factors that prompted the government to return the tariff of raw milk to 5%, the implementation, and the implication. This research uses qualitative approach with data collection technique through in-depth interviews and literature studies. The result of this research shows that the objections of dairy farmers became the catalyst of the return of the tariff of raw milk to 5%. The advantages of implementing a 5% tariff on raw milk imports are: protecting dairy farmer and increasing the producer’s surplus and government’s revenue with the import duty on raw milk. The disadvantages are that the industries have to endure many imports licensing, that this policy reduces consumer surplus along with consumer’s deadweight loss."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis permasalahan dalam komoditas kedelai dan mengukur dampak swasembada kedelai bagi Indonesia serta mencari alternatif kebijakan lain yang berdampak baik bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat permasalahan dalam perkedelaian nasional seperti permasalahan benih, pupuk, perubahan cuaca, hama dan rendahnya harga kedelai dibandingkan palawija yang lain. Untuk mengukur dampak kebijakan kedelai terhadap para pelaku ekonomi, penelitian ini menggunakan Cost and Benefit Analysis. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa kebijakan impor lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan jika pemerintah melakukan upaya swasembada kedelai.

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This study analyzes the problems in soybean commodity and measures the impact of self-sufficiency soybean for Indonesia, as well as seeking for the policy alternative which gives good impact to the society. The finding of this study is there are problems in national soybean issue such as problems related with seeds, fertilizer, changes in weather, pest, and the low price of soybean compared to other commodity crops. To measure the policy impact of soybean towards society, this study uses Cost and Benefit Analysis. The result of this study recommends that import policy is more beneficial compared to when government puts efforts in self-sufficiency of soybean."