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"Pembekuan konflik adalah suatu fenomena konflik yang tidak bisa terselesaikan secara penuh dan tidak ada kesepakatn damai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa fenomena pembekuan konflik terhadap situasi keamanan di Ukraina Timur. Revolusi Maidan mengakibatkan Ukriana sebagai suatu negara berdaulat mengalami traksi konflik berkepanjangan dengan kekuatan pemberontak bersenjata yang merupakan proxy dari Rusia. Penggunaan pembekuan konflik merupakan salah satu instrument koersif bagi Rusia untuk tetap mengendalikan Ukraina dalam pengaruh kekuasaan hegemoni regionalnya. Studi ini menggunakan metode analisis level sistem internasional yang berdasarkan pada paradigma neorealisme klasik. Hasil dari analisa tersebut kemudian disimpulkan dengan penyebab asal mengapa suatu konflik dapat mengalami pembekuan.

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Frozen conflict is a phenomenon where a conflict cannot be fully resolved, and there is no peaceful agreement to end it. This research aims to analyze the frozen conflict in relation to the security situation in Eastern Ukraine. The Maidan Revolution resulted in Ukraine; as a sovereign state, experiencing the prolonged conflict traction with armed repel forces that serve as proxies for Russia. The use of frozen conflict is one coercive instrument for Russia to maintain control over Ukraine within its regional hegemonic power. This study employs the method of analysis at the international system level based on the classical neorealism paradigm. The analysis results are then concluded with the original causes of why a conflict can evolve to a “freezing” period.

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"Medium penyebarluasan ideologi dan propaganda terkhusus dalam konflik Rusia-Ukraina tahun 2022 mayoritas bersumber dari media sosial. Selama konflik berlangsung, sebuah platform media sosial terkemuka di Rusia, Telegram, telah berperan penting dalam pendistribusian informasi yang faktual maupun non-faktual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas konsep dan strategi proyek pemeriksa fakta, yang diusung administrator Telegram non-politik Rusia, berupa Telegram dengan nama Война с фейками dengan misi menangkal berita palsu yang dilanjut dengan paparan data faktual. Analisa juga mengkaji kritik penilaian terhadap saluran Telegram sebagai bentuk pembelaan Rusia terhadap perlawanan atas disinformasi narasi yang marak terjadi semasa konflik Rusia dan Ukraina di Bucha tahun 2022 berlangsung. Peneliti menggunakan kerangka teori Analisis Framing oleh Robert N. Entman (1993) dan metode pengumpulan data melalui Internet Searching berdasarkan referensi, artikel berita, hingga perundang-undangan yang relevan dengan objek penelitian. Data membuktikan, saluran Telegram Война с фейками telah berhasil menginvestigasi lebih dari 3000 berita palsu di wilayah Ukraina dan wilayah Bucha selama tahun 2022. Lebih lanjut, konsep dan strategi yang diterapkan oleh Telegram Война с фейками membuktikan efektivitasnya sebagai instrumen dalam mengcounter disinformasi yang disebarkan oleh media-media propaganda Ukraina terkait pembantaian di Bucha pada April 2022, yang ditujukan kepada Rusia.

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The medium for disseminating ideology and propaganda, particularly during the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022, primarily stems from social media. Throughout the conflict, a prominent Russian social media platform, Telegram, has played a crucial role in distributing both factual and non-factual information. This study aims to discuss the concepts and strategies of a fact-checking project initiated by a non-political Russian Telegram administrator, named Война с фейками, with a mission to counter fake news followed by the presentation of factual data. The analysis also examines the criticism and assessment of the Telegram channel as a form of Russia's defense against the widespread disinformation narratives during the Russia-Ukraine conflict in Bucha in 2022. The researcher employs the Framing Analysis theory by Robert N. Entman (1993) and the data collection method through Internet Searching based on references, news articles, and relevant legislation to the research subject. The data shows that the Telegram channel Война с фейками has successfully investigated more than 3,000 fake news items in Ukraine and the Bucha area during 2022. Furthermore, the concepts and strategies implemented by Telegram Война с фейками demonstrate its effectiveness as an instrument in countering disinformation spread by Ukrainian propaganda media regarding the Bucha massacre in April 2022, which was directed at Russia."

"Saat pertama kali disahkan sebagai sebuah Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB pada tahun 2000, Agenda Perempuan dalam Perdamaian dan Keamanan merupakan sebuah terobosan yang diharapkan mampu mengubah pemahaman mengenai keamanan internasional secara masif sehingga mampu memperbaiki taraf hidup perempuan dalam konflik dan perang. Meskipun begitu, setelah 22 tahun berlalu, terlihat bahwa pada nyatanya agenda ini masih belum bisa membawa perubahan yang signifikan. Berangkat dari premis tersebut, maka tulisan ini berkomitmen untuk meninjau bagaimana Agenda Perempuan dalam Perdamaian dan Keamanan ini sebenarnya dimaknai dan diimplementasikan semenjak dua dekade terakhir. Menggunakan 121 literatur serta metode taksonomi, tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi tiga kategori bahasan utama dalam kajian mengenai Agenda Perempuan dalam Perdamaian dan Keamanan, yaitu: 1) konseptualisasi agenda; 2) implementasi agenda; serta 3) evaluasi agenda. Ditemukan bahwa terlepas dari kandungan serta visi yang dianggap revolusioner, masih banyak permasalahan yang belum dibahas dengan baik oleh agenda ini. Selain itu, pemaknaan sekaligus pengimplementasian dari agenda ini juga dapat dikatakan eksklusif, terbatas pada kelompok-kelompok atau entitas-entitas tertentu saja. Dengan begitu, masih banyak evaluasi yang perlu dilakukan terhadap pemaknaan sekaligus pengimplementasian agenda tersebut, baik secara normatif maupun pragmatis.

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When first adopted as a UN Security Council Resolution in 2000, the Women in Peace and Security (WPS) Agenda was a breakthrough that was expected to massively change the understanding of international security as well as to improve the standard of living of women in conflict and war. Even so, after 22 years, it appears that in fact this agenda has not been able to bring about significant changes. Departing from this premise, this paper is committed to reviewing how the WPS Agenda has been interpreted and implemented since the last two decades. Using 121 literature and taxonomic methods, this review identifies three main discussion categories in the study of the WPS Agenda, namely: 1) conceptualization of the agenda; 2) agenda implementation; and 3) agenda evaluation. It was found that apart from the revolutionary content and vision, there are still many issues that have not been properly addressed by this agenda. In addition, the interpretation and implementation of this agenda can also be said to be exclusive, limited to certain groups or entities. In this way, there are still many evaluations that need to be carried out regarding the interpretation as well as the implementation of this agenda, both normatively and pragmatically."

"[ABSTRAKSengketa Spratly Islands terjadi sebagai akibat dari klaim tumpang tindih beberapa negara terhadap sebagian atau seluruh wilayah Spratly Islands. Sengketa ini menjadi semakin kompleks karena tingginya nilai strategis Spratly Islands tidak hanya bagi negara yang bersengketa, tetapi juga bagi negara-negara di sekitar Spratly Islands dan negara-negara besar. Terjadinya konflik di masa lalu menyebabkan kekhawatiran akan terjadi kembali konflik terbuka yang akan berdampak pada terganggunya perdamaian dan keamanan regional Asia Tenggara. Berkenaan dengan sengketa ini, ASEAN sebagai organisasi internasional regional Asia Tenggara, telah berupaya untuk meredakan ketegangan dan konflik yang ada. Hal ini mengingat kerangka hukum ASEAN memberikan mandat kepada ASEAN untuk menjaga perdamaian dan stabilitas regional.

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ABSTRAKSpratly Islands dispute occurred as a result of overlapping claims of some countries. The dispute becomes increasingly complex due to the high value of Spratly Islands, not only for the claimant states, but also for the littoral states and other countries. Conflict happened in the past leads to concern of another conflict in the future that would impact the disruption of peace and stability in region Southeast Asia. With regard to the dispute, since its legal frameworks provide mandate for ASEAN to maintain regional peace and security, ASEAN as a regional organization, has sought to reduce tensions and conflicts that exists., Spratly Islands dispute occurred as a result of overlapping claims of some countries. The dispute becomes increasingly complex due to the high value of Spratly Islands, not only for the claimant states, but also for the littoral states and other countries. Conflict happened in the past leads to concern of another conflict in the future that would impact the disruption of peace and stability in region Southeast Asia. With regard to the dispute, since its legal frameworks provide mandate for ASEAN to maintain regional peace and security, ASEAN as a regional organization, has sought to reduce tensions and conflicts that exists.]"

"[Small group research : applications in conflict resolution and peace psychology is the first book to assemble the published studies of small groups from this perspective and categorize them according to the divisions and subdivisions that make up this rich content area. Carefully documented findings are arranged to provide easy access to general concepts, relevant theories, laboratory and field studies, and core ideas, with implications for peace building and negotiation., Small group research : applications in conflict resolution and peace psychology is the first book to assemble the published studies of small groups from this perspective and categorize them according to the divisions and subdivisions that make up this rich content area. Carefully documented findings are arranged to provide easy access to general concepts, relevant theories, laboratory and field studies, and core ideas, with implications for peace building and negotiation.]"

"Conflict economics contributes to an understanding of violent conflict and peace in two important ways. First, it applies economic concepts and models to help one understand diverse conflict activities such as war, terrorism, genocide, and peace. Second, it treats coercive appropriation as a fundamental economic activity, joining production and exchange as a means of wealth acquisition. In the second edition of their book Principles of Conflict Economics, Anderton and Carter provide comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the key themes and principles of conflict economics. Along with new scholarship on well-established areas such as war, terrorism and alliances and under-researched areas including genocides, individual and family aspects of war, and conflict prevention, they apply new economic tools to the study of war and peace such as behavioral economics and economics of identity and offer deeper research and policy insights into how to reconstitute societies after large-scale violence."