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"Air Traffic Control (ATC) tasks require a high mental workload with complex cognitive activities. Since the tasks are likely to be fatigue-inducing and may cause aircraft accidents, ergonomics interventions are needed. This study investigated the effectiveness of peppermint odor on improved performance and fatigue while conducting simulated ATC tasks. A total of 16 participants performed ATC tasks using SkyHigh simulation software for two hours in two conditions (with and without peppermint odor). While the simulator was able to record participants’ performance during ATC tasks, participants’ fatigue development was monitored using an electroencephalograph (EEG), a heart rate monitor (HRM), and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) apparatus. The results of this study show that the use of peppermint odor significantly (p < 0.05) improved simulation performance, based on all simulation indicators. The peppermint odor also significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited fatigue development, based on an EEG measure (decline in parietal ?), two HRM measures (decline in low frequency power (LF) and increase in high frequency power (HF)), and a PVT measure (10% of the longest time reaction)."

"Fatigue diakui sebagai risiko utama yang membahayakan keselamatan dalam dunia penerbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan pada petugas Tower Control ATC di Jakarta ATS Center, Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu faktor risiko terkait pekerjaan (shift kerja dan durasi kerja) dan faktor risiko tidak terkait pekerjaan (usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, kuantitas tidur, dan waktu tempuh perjalanan) terhadap kelelahan. Checklist Individual Strength-20 (CIS-20) digunakan untuk mengukur kelelahan secara subjektif. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif observasional dengan menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Hasil penelitian diketahui sebanyak 56,5% petugas Tower Control mengalami kelelahan. Namun, dari keseluruhan variabel tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap kelelahan.

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Fatigue is recognized as a major risk that endanger the safety of aviation world. This study aims to determine risk factors associated with fatigue on Aerodrome Controllers in Jakarta ATS Center, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Factors studied were work-related factors (shift work and duration of work) and non-work-related factors (age, sex, nutritional status, sleep quantity, and commuting time) to fatigue. Checklist Individual Strength-20 (CIS-20) was used to measure fatigue subjectively. This research is a quantitative observational study using cross sectional design. The results of the study known as much as 56,5% of Aerodrome Controllers experiencing fatigue. However, there is no significant relationship to fatigue found from all of the variables statistically in this study."

"Buku yang berjudul "The pilot's air traffic control handbook" ini ditulis oleh Paul E. Illman. Buku ini merupakan sebuah buku panduan yang ditujukan untuk pilot, yaitu mengenai sistem operasi di udara."

"This proceedings provides novel concepts and techniques for air traffic management (ATM) and communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) systems. The volume consists of selected papers from the 5th ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC2017) held in Tokyo in November 2017, the theme of which was “Drafting Future Skies”. Included are key topics to realize safer and more efficient skies in the future, linked to the integrated conference theme consisting of long-term visions based on presentations from various fields. The proceedings is dedicated not only to researchers, academicians, and university students, but also to engineers in the industry, air navigation service providers (ANSPs), and regulators of aviation."

"Setiap negara memiliki tanggung jawab untuk membangun dan menyediakan layanan lalu lintas udara sebagaimana tertera dalam Pasal 28 Konvensi Chicago. Namun, Annex 11 Konvensi Chicago menyebutkan bahwa negara dapat mendelegasikan tanggung jawab tersebut kepada negara atau lembaga lain tanpa membahayakan kedaulatannya. Pendelegasian tanggung jawab tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan perjanjian yang disetujui oleh kedua belah pihak. Tetapi, pendelegasian tanggung jawab seringkali masih menyentuh kedaulatan sebuah negara. Maka dari itu, perlu dibedakan antara urusan operasional dan kedaulatan dalam pendelegasian layanan lalu lintas udara. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menganalisis hukum udara internasional dan perjanjian bilateral mengenai pendelegasian layanan lalu lintas udara. Dalam praktiknya, sifat dari pasal-pasal yang tertera pada perjanjian tersebut menentukan seberapa jauh tanggung jawab yang harus dipenuhi oleh kedua belah pihak. Berdasarkan kesimpulan di atas, sebaiknya ketentuan dalam perjanjian bilateral mengenai tanggung jawab kedua belah pihak harus dibuat secara lengkap dan jelas untuk menghindari benturan antara urusan operasional dan kedaulatan.

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Each state is responsible for establishing and providing air traffic services as stated in Article 28 of the Chicago Convention. However, Annex 11 to the Chicago Convention stated that states could delegate these responsibilities to other states or institutions without jeopardizing their sovereignty. The delegation of responsibility is carried out based on a mutual agreement agreed by both parties. The delegation of responsibility often still touches the sovereignty of a state. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between operational matters and sovereignty in the delegation of air traffic services. The author uses a normative legal research method by analyzing international air law and bilateral agreements regarding the delegation of air traffic services. In practice, the nature of the articles contained in the agreement determines the extent of the responsibilities that both parties must fulfill. Based on the conclusions above, it is better if the provisions in bilateral agreements regarding the responsibilities of both parties must be made completely and clearly to avoid conflicts between operational matters and sovereignty.

 

Keywords: Delegate, responsibilities, operational, sovereignty, bilateral agreement, air traffic services."

"Summary:A book on biotechnological processes for odor and air pollution control, the nuisance and hazard side effects of industries. It describes various biotechnological methods ranging from laboratory, to pilot evaluation and to full-scale process implementation"

"Peningkatan tekanan darah dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena penyakit jantung iskemik dan strok. Pemandu Lalu Lintas Udara PLLU di Jakarta Air Traffic Services Centre JATSC yang terpajan dengan temperatur ruang kerja yang dingin dapat berisiko dengan peningkatan tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor risiko peningkatan tekanan darah pada PLLU di JATSC. Penelitian ini memakai desain potong lintang dengan random sampling pada PLLU di JATSC selama periode 29 Mei sampai 14 Juni 2017. Sebanyak 134 subjek didapatkan selama penelitian ini. Data diperoleh dengan pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran tekanan darah dengan Sphygmomanometer air raksa, dan temperatur ruang kerja dengan termometer digital. Peningkatan tekanan darah terjadi bila sistolik ge; 140 mmHg atau diastolik ge; 90 mmHg setelah bekerja.Hasil menunjukkan subjek yang berusia ge; 40 tahun memiliki risiko peningkatan tekanan darah 2,2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan usia dibawah 40 tahun [RRa= 2,18; IK 95 = 1,15-4,11; p= 0,016]. Subjek dengan temperatur ruang kerja dibawah 21 C memiliki risiko peningkatan tekanan darah 2,1 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan subjek dengan temperatur ruang kerja ge; 21 C [RRa= 2,10; IK 95 = 1,12-3,93; p= 0,020]. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa usia ge; 40 tahun dan temperatur ruang kerja dibawah 21 C mempertinggi risiko peningkatan tekanan darah.

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Increased blood pressure can increase the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. Air Traffic Controller ATC in Jakarta Air Traffic Services Centre JATSC exposed to cold working room temperatures may be at increased risk of blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for increased blood pressure among ATC in JATSC. This study used cross sectional design with random sampling on ATC in JATSC during Mei 29th to June 14th, 2017. 134 subjects were obtained during the study. The data were collected using a questionnaire, a Mercury Sphygmomanometer for blood pressure, and a digital thermometer for room temperature. Increased blood pressure were defined by systolic ge 140 mmHg or diastolic ge 90 mmHg after work.The results showed that subjects with Age ge 40 years compared to under 40 years were 2.2 times higher risk to increased blood pressure RRa 2.18 CI 95 1.15 4.11 p 0.016 . Those who work at room temperature below 21 C compared to ge 21 C were 2,1 times higher risk to increased blood pressure RRa 2.10 CI 95 1.12 3.93 p 0.020 . In conclusion age ge 40 years and working room temperature below 21 C increase the risk for increased blood pressure."

"Pemandu lalu lintas udara (PLLU) memiliki beban kerja dan tanggungjawab yang besar terhadap keselamatan penerbangan. Hal tersebut dapat memicu terjadinya stress kerja, yang selanjutnya dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan seperti peningkatan tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beban kerja mental, unit kerja, dan masa kerja terhadap peningkatan tekanan darah pada pekerja Jakarta Air Traffic Service Centre JATSC di Bandara Soekarno Hatta. Studi ini bersifat kohort prospektif. Sampel berjumlah 191 orang, berupa pekerja controller maupun non controller. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Maret ndash; Juli 2017. Data penelitian dikumpulkan berdasarkan pengukuran tekanan darah, tinggi badan, dan berat badan serta dengan menggunakan instrumen skala NASA ndash; TLX dan skala Burn-out. Peningkatan tekanan darah terjadi bila sistolik ge; 140 mmHg atau diastolik ge; 90 mmHg setelah bekerja. Hasil menunnjukkan pekerja JATSC yang berusia 40 - 65 tahun lebih berisiko mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah sebesar 2,65 kali jika dibandingkan dengan pekerja JATSC yang berusia 21 ndash; 39 tahun [RR=2,65; interval kepercayaan IK 95 = 1,50-4,67; p=0,001]. Pekerja JATSC dengan beban kerja mental sangat tinggi memiliki risiko 3,55 kali lebih tinggi mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah setelah kontrol dibandingkan pekerja JATSC dengan beban kerja mental tinggi. [RR=3,55; interval kepercayaan IK 95 = 2,05-6,16; p

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Air traffic controllers have a great workload and responsibility for aviation safety. It can lead to work stress, which can lead to health problems such as increased blood pressure. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between mental work load, work unit and work period to increase blood pressure at Jakarta Air Traffic Service Center JATSC workers at Soekarno Hatta Airport. This study is a prospective cohort. Sample amounted to 191 people, consist of controller and non controller workers. The study was conducted during March July 2017. The data were collected based on measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, and using NASA TLX and Burn out scale instruments. Increased blood pressure occurs when systolic ge 140 mmHg or diastolic ge 90 mmHg after work. Results showed that JATSC workers aged 40 to 65 were at increased risk of blood pressure by 2.65 times compared with JATSC workers aged 21 39 years RR 2.65 Confidence interval IK 95 1.50 4.67 P 0.001 . JATSC workers with very high mental workloads have a 3.55 times higher risk of increased blood pressure after control than JATSC workers with high mental workload. RR 3.55 Confidence interval IK 95 2.05 6.16 P "

"Pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi akan mengalami masalah utama yaitu mual muntah. Penatalaksanaan mual muntah yang tepat diperlukan untuk mengurangi mual muntah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efek minyak pepermint dan kompres hangat dalam menurunkan mual muntah akibat kemoterapi pada pasien kanker. Desain penelitian ini mengggunakan quasi eksperiment dengan rancangan pre post test with control group, pengambilan sampel menggunakan concecutive sampling. Jumlah sampel yaitu 34 responden 17 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 17 orang kelompok kontrol . Mual muntah diukur dengan menggunakan instrument Rhodes index Nausea, Vomitting and Retching. Uji statistik menggunakan uji non parametrik Mann Whitney test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya efektitivitas yang signifikan pada minyak pepermint dan kompres hangat dalam menurunkan mual muntah akibat kemoterapi pada pasien kanker.

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Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy will have major problem of nausea, vomiting. Appropriate management of nausea and vomiting is needed to reduce nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study is to know the effects of peppermint oil and warm compresses in reducing nausea vomiting due to chemotherapy in cancer patients. the design of this study used quasi experiment with pre post test with control group design, sampling using concecutive sampling. Total of sample were 34 respondents 17 intervention group and 17 control group . Nausea and vomiting were measured using the Rhodes index Nausea, Vomitting and Retching instrument. Statistical test used nonparametric test of Mann Whitney. The result showed that there was a significant effectiveness of peppermint oil and warm compresses to reduction nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy in cancer patients."