Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"The prevalence of road accidents in Indonesia is still extremely high, with human error being claimed as a major contributing factor. Profiles of the drivers involved in the accidents are not typically available, and studies covering this subject are also limited. In this paper, Indonesian road transportation will be discussed, particularly with respect to traffic accidents and the associated characteristics of the drivers. Also of interest is the description of certain demographic aspects and their relation to road accidents. Data were collected from the news, along with an online survey of 138 commercial drivers, 10% of whom were female). It was found that spending an inordinate amount of time driving per week induces sleepiness and fatigue and is considered as one of the prime causes of accidents. It was also determined that lack of concentration was one of the dominant (~51%) causes. Differences in age, gender, and driving experience did not seem to be related to the likelihood of accidents."

"Saat ini terjadi peningkatan dalam jumlah perusahaan industri manufaktur, dan industri manufaktur kemasan merupakan industri yang memiliki pertumbuhan pasar relatif tinggi, didasari oleh terus meningkatnya permintaan kemasan untuk berbagai macam produk. Tetapi industri manufaktur pengolahan atau kemasan menjadi salah satu jenis industri dengan kasus kecelakaan kerja terbanyak. Seringkali terjadi kasus kecelakaan kerja pada area produksi yang dapat mengakibatkan cedera serius pada operator mesin. Penyebab utama terjadinya risiko kecelakaan kerja tersebut didasari oleh adanya kemungkinan kesalahan manusia pada aktivitas kerja permesinan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengidentifikasi bentuk dan probabilitas terjadinya human error pada aktivitas kerja melalui penggunaan tiga metode, yaitu Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA), dan Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART). Dari analisis hasil pengolahan data menggunakan tiga metode tersebut, didapatkan bahwa terdapat tiga aktivitas kerja pada mesin otomatis, dan empat aktivitas kerja pada mesin manual yang memiliki risiko tinggi sehingga tujuh aktivitas tersebut dijadikan critical task yang akan menjadi fokusan analisis untuk perancangan rekomendasi K3. Digunakan Framework Hierarchy of Control (HOC) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui lingkup pengendalian dan bentuk rancangan rekomendasi K3 yang tepat. Dari penggunaan HOC, ditentukan empat bentuk rekomendasi, yaitu display K3, instruksi kerja, dan training K3 dengan pihak eksternal untuk lingkup kontrol administratif dan sebuah rekayasa teknik sebuah meja bantuan untuk mengurangi risiko postur.

---

Currently, there is an increase in the number of manufacturing companies, with the packaging manufacturing industry experiencing relatively high market growth due to the continuous rise in demand for packaging across various products. However, the packaging manufacturing industry is also one of the sectors with the highest number of workplace accidents. Frequent accidents in the production area often result in serious injuries to machine operators. The primary cause of these workplace accidents is attributed to the possibility of human error in machine-related activities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the forms and probabilities of human error in work activities through the application of three methods: Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA), and Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART). From the data analysis using these three methods, it was found that there are three high-risk work activities on automatic machines and four high-risk work activities on manual machines. These seven activities were identified as critical tasks and became the focus of the analysis for designing K3 (Occupational Health and Safety) recommendations. The Hierarchy of Control (HOC) Framework was used to determine the scope of control and the appropriate K3 recommendation design. From the application of HOC, four types of recommendations were identified: K3 displays, work instructions, and K3 training with external parties for administrative control. Additionally, an engineering control was proposed in the form of an assistive table to reduce posture risks."

"The statistic of accidents at construction sites give us a picture that Malaysian construction industry is one of the critical sectors that need a huge and fast overhaul from the current site safety practices. Accident don’t just happen, they are caused by unsafe acts, unsafe conditions or both. Most accidents result from a combination of contributing causes and one or more unsafe acts and unsafe condition. In order to improve the overall safety performance we need to investigate the root causes of construction accidents. That knowledge could be utilised in formulating more conducive working conditions and environments at construction sites. Therefore, a study has been conducted to identify the causes of accident at construction sites. This study was started out by reviewing literature from journals, books and web pages. Then reported accidents cases kept by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) were examined to investigate causes of accidents. Surveys using questionnaire forms were carried out to obtain data from respondents who are mainly contractors and the rest are developers and consultants firms all around countries that are well versed with the construction safety. The finding of this study reveals that accidents are the result of many contributing factors, causes, and sub causes. Some of the critical factors are unsafe method, human element, unsafe equipment, job site conditions, management, and unique nature of the industry. The causes of accidents in Malaysia were found to be similar to that mentioned in literature review. However, some of the causes are low in frequency of occurrence. The main cause of construction accidents found are the workers’ negligence, failure of workers to obey work procedures, work at high elevation, operating equipment without safety devices, poor site management, harsh work operation, low knowledge and skill level of workers, failure to use personal protective equipments and poor workers attitude about safety"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kontribusi human error pada kejadian kecelakaan Direktorat Logistik & Ekspor PT Holcim Indonesia, Tbk tahun 2010. Secara khusus penelitian ini menganalisis unsafe acts dan aspek prakondisi yang berkontribusi pada kejadian kecelakaan akibat human error, dengan menggunakan framework Human Factors and Classification System. Metode yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data primer berupa in depth interview & observasi, serta pengumpulan data sekunder dari hasil investigasi kecelakaan & telaah dokumen perusahaan.Distribusi kejadian kecelakaan juga dilihat berdasarkan jenis kecelakaan, umur, masa kerja pengemudi, waktu dan tempat kejadian. Yang paling signifikan dari unsafe acts berupa skill-based error akibat kelelahan, routine violation pada perilaku pengemudi yang tidak tertib, serta exceptional violation berupa temuan kondisi kendaraan yang tidak standar & tidak adanya pengawas lapangan. Sedangkan yang paling signifikan dari aspek prakondisi berupa kondisi operator akibat keterbatasan fisik pengemudi, dan faktor personel yakni manajemen sumber daya personelnya. Selain itu didapatkan hasil bahwa kecelakaan tahun 2010 paling banyak terjadi di dalam plant.The objective of study is to analyze the contribution of human error in accident at Logistic & Export Directorate Narogong Plant PT Holcim Indonesia, Tbk 2010. Specifically, this study analyzes Unsafe Acts dan Precondition for Unsafe Acts that contribute accidents, using Human Factors and Classification System framework. Using qualitative method, the primary data is collection of in depth interview results & observation, and the secondary data is collection of accident investigation & review comporate documents.

Distribution of accidents are also considered by type of accident, age, experience, time and place of occurrence. The most significant results of unsafe acts are skill-based error due to fatigue, routine violation on driver behavior which is not discipline, and exceptional violation findings at non-standard vehicle condition & lack of field supervisors. While the most significant aspects in precondition for unsafe acts are condition of operator due to the driver?s physical limitations and personnel factor especially in crew resource management condition. In addition, it showed that most of the accidents 2010 occurred in the plant."

"Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan masalah serius dengan mneyebabkan jutaan kematian setiap tahunnya terhadap pengguna jalan tersebut, termasuk pada persimpangan di Indonesia. Faktor seperti ketidakpatuhan terhadap aturan, kecepatan tidak terkendali, dan kurangnya infrastruktur berkontribusi pada tingginya angka kecelakaan Namun kecelakaan hampir celaka sering diabaikan dalam upaya pencegahan kecelakaan dan meminimalisir resiko fatalitas kecelakaan lalu lintas. Melalui metode Swedish TCT dan analisis probit ordinal model dapat menganalisis tingkat keparahan konflik, memprediksi pengaruh konflik terhadap kecepatan kendaraan dan jarak antar kendaraan, serta memberikan arah perbaikan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan simpang pada Jl. Letnan Sutopo-Jl. Promoter-Jl Boulevard BSD Timur Tangerang Selatan. Perbaikan yang dilakukan berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian ini yaitu dengan memberikan marka bantu pada persimpangan. Dimana hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemasangan marka bantu menurunkan konflik serius dari 93.06% menjadi 81.25%, membuktikan efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan keselamatan. Secara keseluruhan, pemasangan marka bantu menunjukkan hasil positif dalam upaya meningkatkan keselamatan lalu lintas di persimpangan ini, terutama melalui pengaruh signifikan variabel jarak antar kendaraan dengan konflik serius yang terjadi. Dengan adanya marka bantu, pengaturan jarak antar kendaraan tampaknya lebih efektif, membantu mengurangi risiko konflik serius. Oleh karena itu, strategi keselamatan lalu lintas di persimpangan ini sebaiknya tetap mempertahankan dan memperkuat intervensi yang melibatkan pemasangan marka bantu serta mempertimbangkan peningkatan edukasi dan pemeliharaan marka untuk memastikan efektivitas jangka panjang. Pedoman dari Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) menekankan pentingnya marka yang jelas dan dirancang dengan baik untuk efisiensi dan keselamatan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk peningkatan keselamatan di persimpangan lainnya di Indonesia melalui pemasangan dan pemeliharaan marka jalan khususnya marka bantu yang efektif serta edukasi kepada pengemudi mengenai pentingnya menjaga jarak aman dan kecepatan yang sesuai peraturan yang berlaku. Diharapkan, dengan penerapan hasil penelitian ini, keselamatan berlalu lintas di Kota Tangerang Selatan dan di Indonesia secara umum dapat ditingkatkan.

---

Traffic accidents are a serious issue, causing millions of deaths annually among road users, including at intersections in Indonesia. Factors such as non-compliance with rules, uncontrolled speeding, and lack of infrastructure contribute to high accident rates. However, near-miss accidents are often overlooked in accident prevention efforts aimed at minimizing the risk of fatalities in traffic accidents. Through the Swedish TCT method and ordinal probit model analysis, it is possible to assess the severity of conflicts, predict the impact of conflicts on vehicle speed and following distance, and provide directions for improving intersection safety at Jl. Letnan Sutopo - Jl. Promoter - Jl Boulevard BSD Timur, South Tangerang. Improvements based on this research analysis include installing intersection markings. The results show that installing these markings reduced serious conflicts from 93.06% to 81.25%, proving their effectiveness in enhancing safety. Overall, installing intersection markings has yielded positive results in enhancing traffic safety at this intersection, particularly through the significant influence of vehicle spacing on serious conflicts. With the markings in place, regulating vehicle spacing appears more effective, helping to reduce the risk of serious conflicts. Therefore, traffic safety strategies at this intersection should maintain and reinforce interventions involving intersection markings, alongside considering enhanced education and maintenance of these markings for long-term effectiveness. Guidelines from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) emphasize the importance of clearly designed markings for traffic efficiency and safety. This study recommends enhancing safety at other intersections in Indonesia through effective installation and maintenance of intersection markings, particularly those proven effective, and educating drivers on the importance of maintaining safe distances and complying with speed limits. It is hoped that implementing the findings of this research will improve traffic safety in South Tangerang and across Indonesia as a whole."

"Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan mengamanatkan penurunan jumlah kematian dan cedera akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas sampai 50% di tahun 2020. Kecelakaan lalu lintas menjadi penyebab utama kematian penduduk kelompok usia produktif dan 90% terjadi di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Di Indonesia prevalensi cedera akibat kecelakaan transportasi darat mengalami peningkatan dari sebesar 25,9% pada 2007 menjadi 47,7% pada 2013. Studi kecelakaan lalu lintas menganalisis pengaruh dari faktor-faktor penyebab, yaitu perilaku pengguna jalan, kendaraan, dan jalan.Di negara berkembang faktor jalan perlu mendapat perhatian lebih karena standar kualitasnya tidak sebaik negara maju. Di Indonesia kajian kecelakaan lalu lintas dilakukan dalam bentuk studi kasus.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor kondisi permukaan jalan dan faktor penerangan jalan terhadap jumlah korban kecelakaan lalu lintas di seluruh Indonesia menggunakan metode regresi negative binomial.Wawancara dengan para pemangku kebijakan dilakukan untuk memperkuat hasil penelitian. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan 765.678 data cross section yang dicatat oleh Korps Lalu Lintas Kepolisian Republik Indonesia (Korlantas).Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi permukaan jalan yang buruk meningkatkan jumlah korban kecelakaan fatal, sedangkan penerangan yang buruk meningkatkan jumlah korban kecelakaan lalu lintas pada berbagai tingkat keparahan. Dibandingkan peningkatan kondisi permukaan jalan, peningkatan lampu penerangan jalan memberikan manfaat tiga kali lebih besar dan membutuhkan biaya 50% lebih rendah.

---

SDGs has mandated each country to halve road accident-caused death by 2020. Road accidents are the main cause of death for the productive age population and 90% occur in developing countries. In Indonesia the prevalence of injuries due to land transportation accidents has increased from 25.9% in 2007 to 47.7% in 2013. Road accidents analysis identify the influence of the causal factors, such as behavior of road users, vehicles, and road factors. We should pay more attention on road factors in developing countries because the road standard quality is not as good as in developed countries. In Indonesia the study of road accidents is mostly carried out in form of case studies.This study aims to analyze the influence of road surface conditions and road lighting factors on the number of casualties using the negative binomial regression method. Interviews with policy makers are held to enrich this study. The analysis was carried out using 765,678 cross section data which is recorded by the Indonesian National Police Traffic Corps.Results showed that poor road surface conditions increase the number of fatal casualties, while poor road lighting increases the number of casualties at all injury level. Compared to road surface improvement, road lighting provides benefits three times greater and requires 50% lower costs."

"Road safety barriers are used to redirect traffic at roadside work-zones. When filled with water, these barriers are able to withstand low to moderate impact speeds up to 50kmh-1. Despite this feature, there are challenges when using portable water-filled barriers (PWFBs) such as large lateral displacements as well as tearing and breakage during impact, especially at higher speeds. In this study, the authors explore the use of composite action to enhance the crashworthiness of PWFBs and enable their use at higher speeds. Initially, we investigated the energy absorption capability of water in PWFB. Then, we considered the composite action of a PWFB with the introduction of a steel frame to evaluate its impact on performance. Findings of the study show that the initial height of impact must be lower than the free surface level of water in a PWFB for the water to provide significant crash energy absorption. In general, impact of a road barrier that is 80% filled is a good estimation. Furthermore, the addition of a composite structure greatly reduces the probability of tearing by decreasing the strain and impact energy transferred to the shell container. This allows the water to remain longer in the barrier to absorb energy via inertial displacement and sloshing response. Information from this research will aid in the design of next generation roadside safety structures aimed to increase safety on modern roadways."

"Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar ke-8 di dunia. Di Indonesia, kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas juga cenderung mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Faktor manusia menjadi salah satu penyebab terbesar kecelakaan lalu lintas. Perilaku mengemudi yang berisiko, termasuk distraksi saat mengemudi, merupakan salah satu faktor manusia yang berkontribusi pada kecelakaan lalu lintas. Di lain sisi, usia pengemudi juga memengaruhi perilaku mengemudi, dengan pengemudi muda dan paruh baya yang cenderung lebih berpotensi melakukan perilaku mengemudi berisiko. Pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi pada kecelakaan lalu lintas diperlukan untuk meningkatkan upaya keselamatan jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model yang menghubungkan distraksi, umur, dan perilaku mengemudi dengan kecelakaan/insiden lalu lintas pada pengemudi muda dan paruh baya, serta merumuskan strategi untuk meningkatkan keselamatan jalan. Sebanyak 284 pengemudi yang terdiri dari kelompok umur muda dan kelompok umur menengah di DKI Jakarta terlibat sebagai responden penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan melibatkan metode Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Pearson's Chi-square, dan Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) dengan instrumen kuesioner seperti Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), Road Distractions Scale (RDS), dan Risk Perception and Regulation Scale (RPRS). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan hipotesis antara dua kelompok umur, yaitu distraksi memiliki dampak langsung terhadap penyimpangan (lapses), serta pelanggaran (violations) memiliki dampak langsung terhadap insiden kecelakaan. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya mediasi pada kelompok pengemudi muda, yakni pelanggaran menjadi mediasi antara distraksi dan insiden lalu lintas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara keseluruhan, dibuat beberapa rekomendasi strategi yang diproyeksikan dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mengurangi angka kecelakaan dan meningkatkan keselamatan mengemudi secara umum.

---

Traffic accidents are the 8th leading cause of death in the world. In Indonesia, traffic accident cases also tend to increase every year. Human factors are one of the major causes of traffic accidents. Risky driving behavior, including driving distractions, is one of the human factors that contribute to traffic accidents. On the other hand, the age of the driver also influences driving behavior, with young and middle-aged drivers being more prone to risky driving behavior. A deep understanding of the factors contributing to traffic accidents is necessary to improve road safety efforts. This study aims to design a model that connects distractions, age, and driving behavior with traffic accidents/incidents among young and middle-aged drivers, as well as formulate strategies to improve road safety. A total of 284 drivers consisting of young and middle-aged groups in DKI Jakarta participated as respondents in this study. The methods used involve Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Pearson's Chi-square, and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) with questionnaire instruments such as the Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), Road Distractions Scale (RDS), and Risk Perception and Regulation Scale (RPRS). The findings show that there are hypothesis similarities between the two age groups, namely that distractions have a direct impact on lapses, and violations have a direct impact on traffic incidents. Additionally, mediation was found in the young driver group, where violations mediate between distractions and traffic incidents. Based on the overall research results, several strategic recommendations are made that are projected to serve as alternatives in reducing accident/incident rates and improving driving safety in general."

"Tugas Akhir ini mengangkat pentingnya pengetahuan disiplin berlalulintas pada anak-anak usia sekolah agar mereka memiliki bekal pemahaman Ientimg bersikap yang aman dalam suatu situasi lalu lintas. Program berisi serangkaian pelatihan yang partisipatif dengan target intervensi anak usia sekolah (6~l2 tahun), namun difokuskan pada anak usia 9-10 tahun yang duduk di kelas empat, SDN Pondok Cina Ol, Depok. Intervensi dilatarbelakangani oleh kenyataan bahwa kondisi lalu lintas di jalan Margonda Raya tepat di depan SDN Pondok Cina Ol sangat rawan bagi keselamatan para siswa. Setiap hari mereka mau tidak mau harus melalui lalu lintas yang padat dan semrawut. Kondisi lalu lintas seperti itu menjadi ancaman bagi keselamatan jiwa mereka. Terbukti sepanjang tahun 2008, lebih dari I0 siswa sekolah mcnjadi korban kecelakaan lalu lintas di depan sekolah mereka sendiri. Perilaku pemakai jalan yang tidak mengindahkan disiplin berlalulintas merupakan faktor utama penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas di Wilayah Depok sepanjang 2008 (Kasat Lantas Depok, 2009). Perilaku tersebut bukan tidak rnungkin untuk diperbaiki sqiak usia dini. Memasukkan pemahaman, aturan, fakta lewat pcsan-pcsan komunikatif akan mampu mempengaruhi individu untuk membuat perubahan sikap (Secord dan Backman, 1964 dalam Azwar, 2003). Intervensi cdukasi merupakan salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan change agent untuk mempengaruhi change target agar melakukan perubahan sosial (Zaltman, 1977). Baseline study dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, focussed-group discussion, kucsioncr dan kepustakaan. Intervensi terhadap target menggunakan metode partisipatif melalui berbagai teknik intervensi scperti mcndongeng, pcrmainan, diskusi, menggambar dan praktek Iangsung di lapangan. Target intervensi mengambil sample anak usia 9-10 tahun sesuai dengan teori perkembangan dari Piaget bahwa pada usia tersebut anak berada pada tahap perkembangan kognisi Operasional Konkrit. Perkembangan moral disiplin pada tahap im telah berkembang dengan baik yakni tidak hanya rnampu membedakan baik - bumk, dan benar - salah, tetapi juga alasannya. Dengan pendekatan kognisi sosial (Social Cognilive Theory), program lcbih memfokuskan pada kognisi subyek intervensi dengan pemelajaran melalui pendekatan observasi dari Bandura. Analisis kuantitatif melalui Sample Paired T-test menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman subyek terhadap disiplin berlalulintas antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil analisis kualitatif menyebutkan bahwa subyek merasa program intervensi sangat bermanfaat dan memotivasi mereka untuk merubah perilaklmya sebagai pengunajalan. Untuk keberlangsungan program ini, disarankan agar pelatihan disiplin berlalu lintas ini dapat menjadi kurikulum sekolah dan pihak sekolah dapat mengusulkan pembuatan Zona Selamat Sekolah (ZQSS) kepada pihak yang bcrwcnang demi kesclamatan siswa-siswanya.

---

This study highlights the importance of inculcating the knowledge of road safety disciplines among children at school age (6-12) to enable them to be able to keep themselves as safe as possible on the roads. The Program, consisting of series of participative training activities, is targeting 47 fourth graders aged 9-10 years old at Pondok Cina 01 Public Elementary School (SDN), Depok.

This intervention is triggered by serious traflic safety concems on thc street located just outside of the school yard. The heavy traffic situation witl1 insufficient road safety support (crossing bridge, clear zebra crossing, school signage, and presence of trained school security and police guards) puts the school children at risk.

The result is chaos for them, who, as road users are forced into this traffic situation as they seek to enter or leave their schoolyard. In 2008, over 10 students from the SDN Pondok Cina 01 had been involved in the traffic accidents taking place on the street, just in front of their school gate. Report from Depok Police Office (2008) explains, road users’ behaviour with no respect of road safety disciplines is the main factor behind the accidents. This behaviour is not impossible to be intervened since the early age. The change target can be influenced through educational intervention of communicative messages such as dissemination of knowledge and understanding of traffic rules (Zaltman 1977).

The baseline studies include observation, interviews, focussed-group discussion (F GD), literatures and distribution of pre-test and post-test questionnaires to the subjects. Using participative method, skill-based training is executed with various approaches such B story telling, games, problem-solving discussion, drawing competitions and direct practice out on the roads in real situation setting.

The change target (47 students of 9 -I0 years old), according to Piaget’s moral cognitive theory, is at the Concrete Operational stage and at the stage of established moral disciplines development. They have grown their competence not only to diierentiate good - bad, right - wrong, but also the reasons behind those. Using the social cognitive theory, the intervention emphasizes more on the subjects’ cognition through observational learning of Bandura.

The quantitative analysis ofthe pre-post test using sample-paired t-test shows a significant increase in subjects’ understanding towards traffic signs, regulations and road safety disciplines. The qualitative examination indicates the training is an effective altemative to train children to be safer pedestrians. In summary, the intervention program yields success and brings positive impact to the subjects for they are able to improve their knowledge about road safety disciplines and change their behaviours as road users.

For sustainability of the program, it is advisable that the school proposes the government to include the road safety education as part of the elementary school curriculum and build ZoSS for the safety of their students."