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"Breast cancer can be detected using digital mammograms. In this research study, a system is designed to classify digital mammograms into two classes, namely normal and abnormal, using the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) method. Prior to classification, the region of interest (ROI) of a mammogram is cropped, and the feature is extracted using the wavelet transformation method. Energy, mean, and standard deviation from wavelet decomposition coefficients are used as input for the classification. Optimal accuracy is obtained when wavelet decomposition level 3 is used with the feature combination of mean and standard deviation. The highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of this method are 96.8%, 100%, and 95%, respectively."

"Background: Currently available molecular method to detect HER2I655V polymorphism such as PCR-RFLP ishampered by costly experimental method and post-PCR treatment requirment that make this technique is not meetingfor high-throughput analysis purpose. In this study we developed a accurate, simple, low cost and rapid test to detectpolymorphism at HER2 gene using SBR Green I based-melting curve method. Methods: Two forward allele-specificprimers and one common reverse primer were used then these primers were tested to discriminate known genotypes ofgenomic templates (GG type or AA type) and genomic samples retrieved from breast cancer patients. Results: Meltingcurve analysis derived from SYBR Green I-based allele-specific PCR with defined primers concentration and annelingtemperature at 54.3 °C showed good discrimination level of Tm peaks in which GG genotype melted at 89 °C slightlyhigher than AA genotype which melted at 86 °C, while AG genotype harbored both of homozygous Tm characteristics.Conclusions: This preliminary result will be as basic for further large-scale typing of HER2I655V polymorphism."

"Penderita kanker payudara umumnya terdeteksi dalam kondisi stadium lanjut, sehingga kesempatan untuk sembuh menjadi kecil. Pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI) merupakan salah satu cara deteksi kanker payudara secara dini, tetapi metode ini belum banyak diterapkan oleh perempuan di Indonesia. Hal ini mungkin saja disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan dan keyakinan mengenai deteksi dini kanker payudara. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan keyakinan dengan perilaku deteksi dini kanker payudara. Desain penelitian yang digunakan ialah cross sectional dengan teknik random sampling pada 102 responden yang merupakan perempuan usia subur di UPT Puskesmas Sukmajaya, Kota Depok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan maupun keyakinan dengan perilaku (p=0,490 dan p=0,280, CI 95%). Namun ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan keyakinan (p=0,009, CI 95%). Penelitian ini menyarankan diadakannya promosi kesehatan mengenai deteksi dini kanker payudara terutama pada perempuan usia subur.

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Breast cancer patients are generally diagnosed late. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one way to detect breast cancer early, but this method has not been widely adopted by women in Indonesia. This may have been caused by the lack of knowledge and beliefs about early detection of breast cancer.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and beliefs with the behavior of breast cancer early detection.

The study design used is cross sectional by random sampling technique, and was conducted on 102 respondents who are women of childbearing age in UPT Puskesmas Sukmajaya, Depok.

The results showed that there is no relation between the level of knowledge and belief to the behavior (p = 0.490 and p = 0.280, 95% CI). However, a significant relationship was found between knowledge and belief (p = 0.009, 95% CI). This study suggests the holding of health promotion into early detection of breast cancer, especially in women of childbearing age."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kanker payudara akan mengekspresikan CD36 lebih rendah pada stroma kanker payudara bila dibandingkan sel sehat. CD36 berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan metastasis tumor. Pemeriksaan CD36 plasma dilaporkan pada populasi selain kanker payudara, yang bersifat kurang invasif dan hemat biaya. Belum diketahuinya pemeriksaan CD36 plasma pada kanker payudara dan diharapkan memberikan hasil yang sejalan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologis.Tujuan: Mengetahui (1) perbedaan konsentrasi CD36 plasma pada kanker payudara dibandingkan dengan orang sehat, (2) perbedaan konsentrasi CD36 plasma pada kanker payudara berdasarkan status metastasisis, metastasis kelenjar getah bening, subtipe molekular, jenis histopatologis, grade histologi ukuran tumor, dan indeks massa tubuh.Metode: Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dalam periode Juni 2018 hingga Februari 2019 dan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif. Dilakukan pemeriksaan plasma ELISA dengan reagen Bioassay Technology Laboratory. Kriteria inklusi: wanita berusia antara 18 hingga 70 tahun, kanker payudara invasif yang patologis, patologi awal: tumor ≥ 1 cm dengan status reseptor hormone dan faktor pertumbuhan epidermal positif atau negatif manusia 2 (HER2/neu), subjek bersedia menandatangani persetujuan penelitian. Kriteria eklusi: subjek yang mengalami progresifitas penyakit selama dalam pengobatan, diabetes melitus, penyakit jantung koroner, stroke, gangguan hati, gangguan ginjal. Data dianalis dalam mencari perbedaan konsentrasi CD36 plasma rerata 2 kelompok.Hasil: Pada 118 subjek, perbedan median konsentrasi CD36 plasma pada kanker payudara dan sehat, yakni 0,21 dan 0,57, p < 0,05. Selain itu, tidak terdapat perbedaan median konsentrasi CD36 plasma pada kanker payudara berdasarkan status metastasis, metastasis kelenjar getah bening, subtipe molekular, jenis histopatologis, grade histologi, ukuran tumor dan indeks massa tubuh.Kesimpulan : Median konsentrasi CD36 plasma populasi kanker payudara lebih rendah dibandingkan populasi orang sehat. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna konsentrasi CD36 plasma pada kanker payudara berdasarkan status metastasis, metastasis kelenjar getah bening, subtipe molekular, jenis histopatologis, grade histologi, ukuran tumor, dan indeks massa tubuh.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Breast cancer will express low CD 36 within stroma tumor cell. CD36 is involved in tumorigenesis. Research of soluble CD36 plasma has been done in another population. It is unclear whether profile of plasma CD36 concentration in breast cancer will give the same with histopatology result.Aim, (1) to investigate the differences of plasma CD 36 concentration of the breast cancer patients, compared with the healthy, (2) to analyze profile of plasma CD36 concentration in breast cancer patients based on metastatic status, lymph node metastatic, molecular subtype, histopathologic type, invasive cancer histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, Ki-67 index, and body mass index.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study during June 2018 to February 2019 with a consecutive sampling method. Plasma was analyzed using Bioassay Technology Laboratory ELISA reagen. Inclusion criteria included women aged 18 to 70 years old, having pathological invasive breast cancers, having beginning pathological manner of tumor size ≥ 1 cm with the hormonal receptor status and positive epidermal grow factor or negative human-2 (HER2/neu), and subjects were willing to sign the informed consent sheets. Exclusion criteria included subjects with disease progressivity during therapy, diabetes mellitus, stroke, liver, and renal disfunctions. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 20 to get two means difference of plasma soluble CD36.Results: From 118 subjects, Median of plasma CD36 in breast cancer, and healthy subjects show 0.21, and 0.57, with p value < 0,05. There are insignificant differences profile of plasma CD36 concentration patients based on metastasic status, lymph node metastatic, molecular subtype, histopathologic type, invasive cancer histologic grade, and body mass index.Conclusion: Plasma CD36 concentration of breast cancer is lower than the healthy population. There are insignificant differences of plasma CD36 concentration profile breast cancer patients based on metastatic status, lymph node metastatic, molecular subtype, histopathologic type, invasive cancer histologic grade, and body mass index."

"Tesis ini membahas analisis manajemen program deteksi dini kanker payudara dan kanker leher rahim di Puskesmas Karang Kitri dan Puskesmas Pejuang Kota Bekasi 2022 pada kerangka logic model meliputi input, activities, output dan feedback. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif analitik deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Karang Kitri dan Puskesmas Pejuang. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa permasalahan pada input dan activities dapat menyebabkan output yang tidak baik diperkuat dengan adanya perbedaan manajemen program yang dilakukan oleh kedua Puskesmas. Perlunya kebijakan daerah, sdm yang terlatih, pembagian tugas dan kordinasi program di internal Puskesmas, anggaran, sarpras dan sistem informasi terintegrasi diperlukan untuk melakukan manajemen program deteksi dini kanker payudara dan kanker leher rahim, mulai dari perencanaan, sosialisasi promosi, pelaksanaan, pencatatan dan pelaporan, pembinaan dan pengawasan serta monitoring evaluasi. Sehingga peningkatan cakupan deteksi dini kanker payudara dan kanker leher rahim dapat tercapai.

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This thesis discusses the analysis of the management program for early detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer in Puskesmas Karang Kitri and Puskesmas Pejuang Bekasi City 2022 in a logical framework model including input, activity, output and feedback. This research is a descriptive analytic qualitative research with a case study design. The research was conducted at the Karang Kitri Health Center and the Pejuang Health Center. The results of the study prove that problems with inputs and activities can lead to poor output which is strengthened by the differences in program management carried out by the two Community Health Centers. The need for regional policies, trained human resources, division of tasks and coordination of programs in the internal health center, budget, infrastructure and integrated information systems are needed to carry out the management of early detection programs for breast cancer and cervical cancer, starting from planning, outreach, promotion, implementation, recording and reporting. coaching and supervision as well as evaluation monitoring. Thus increasing the coverage of early detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer can be achieved."

"Pasien dengan kanker payudara banyak yang mengalami gangguan dan hampir seluruhnya mengalami depresi yang dapat memperberat gejala fisik, meningkatkan gangguan fungsional, dan membuat kepatuhan berobat menjadi rendah. Kami melakukan tinjauan pustaka yang tersedia di PubMed tentang prevalensi, besar gangguan, kemampuan coping, dan metode penatalaksanaan depresi berat pada wanita dengan kanker payudara dari tahun 1978 sampai 2010. Diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan episode depresi pada wanita dengan kanker payudara merupakan tantangan karena gejala yang tumpang tindih dan kondisi penyerta. Depresi berat sering disepelekan dan penatalaksanaan tidak adekuat pada pasien kanker payudara. Tinjauan ini menekankan pada masalah dalam identifikasi dan pengelolaan depresi pada pasien kanker payudara dengan latar klinis.

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AbstractMany of breast-cancer patients experience distress and most of them experience depression which may lead to amplification of physical symptoms, increased functional impairment, and poor treatment adherence. We did a review on available literature from PubMed about prevalence, distress magnitudes, coping styles, and treatment methods of major depression in women with breast cancer from 1978 to 2010. Diagnosis and treatment of depressive episodes in women with breast cancer is challenging because of overlapping symptoms and co-morbid conditions. Major depression is often under-recognized and undertreated among breast cancer patients. This review highlighted the issues on identifying and managing depression in breast cancer patients in clinical settings."

" ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kanker payudara invasif adalah tipe penyakit kanker yang paling sering ditemui pada wanita, dan juga penyebab kematian yang cukup tinggi. Adanya perubahan dalam nilai ambang positiftas reseptor hormone dan HER2 pada kanker payudara invasif akan mendatangkan perubahan dalam profil molekuler, yang mungkin mempunyai makna klinis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perubahan dalam profil molekuler berdasarkan perubahan dalam nilai ambang untuk Estrogen Receptor ER , Progesterone Receptor PR , dan Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 HER2 , pada kasus kanker payudara invasif di RSCM pada tahun 2014, dan juga untuk mengevaluasi perubahan dalam fitur klinikopatologis. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan 94 sampel, diambil dengan metode systematic random sampling dari semua kasus kanker payudara invasif di RSCM pada tahun 2014. Sampel mencakup rekam medis serta spesimen biopsi, yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasi kasus-kasus secara molekuler.Hasil: Kedua klasifikasi baru dan lama menghasilkan pola yang mirip, yaitu subtipe Luminal A yang paling banyak ditemukan, sementara subtipe HER2 yang paling sedikit ditemukan. Reklasifikasi juga menghasilkan penurunan jumlah kasus tripel negatif, namun tidak mengubah profil klinikopatologis semua subtipe molekuler. Kata kunci: kanker payudara, klasifikasi molekuler, ER, PR, HER2.

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ABSTRACTBackground Invasive breast carcinoma is the most common type cancer found in women, and is also the leading cause of death in women. Recent changes in cut off values of invasive breast carcinoma molecular classification will result in changes in the molecular profile, which may have clinically significant.Aim This study was conducted to observe the changes in the molecular profile based on the changes in cut off values of Estrogen Receptor ER , Progesterone Receptor PR and Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 HER2 , among invasive breast carcinoma cases in RSCM in the year 2014, as well as to evaluate the changes in the corresponding clinicopathologic features. Method This study uses 94 samples, which is obtained through consecutive random sampling from all of the invasive breast carcinoma cases in RSCM in 2014. The samples consist of medical record and specimen biopsy, in which old and new classifications are made based on the corresponding cut off values.Results Both old and new classification yielded a very similar trend of number of cases, in which Luminal A makes up the most of the cases and HER2 cases makes up the least number of cases. The reclassification, however, causes a decrease in the number of triple negative cases, although the clinicopathologic profile of all molecular subtypes did not have any significant changes. Keywords breast cancer, molecular classification, ER, PR, HER2 "

"Kanker payudara menjadi salah satu masalah utama pada kesehatan perempuan di dunia yang kasusnya semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Namun data yang didapat dari Unit Layanan Kesehatan Karyawan RS Kanker “Dharmais”, karyawati yang melakukan deteksi dini kanker payudara masih rendah dibanding target dari Unit Layanan Kesehatan Karyawan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku deteksi dini kanker payudara pada karyawati RS Kanker “Dharmais” Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional dan pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling. Data yang dipergunakan diperoleh dari hasil pengisian kuesioner oleh responden wanita yang berusia 30-50 tahun. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 110 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karyawati yang pernah melakukan deteksi dini kanker payudara sebanyak 34,5%. Berdasarkan faktor predisposisi, kelompok umur 40-50 tahun sebanyak 51,8%, tingkat pendidikan tinggi sebanyak 80,9%, pekerjaan/unit kerja berisiko tinggi sebanyak 61,8%, berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 72,7%, mempunyai sikap positif sebanyak 51,8%. Berdasarkan faktor pemungkin, fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan sebanyak 90,0% responden menyatakan memadai, sarana dan prasarana sebanyak 95,5% responden menyatakan memadai. Berdasarkan faktor penguat, adanya dukungan keluarga sebanyak 54,5%, adanya dukungan teman/lingkungan kerja sebanyak 76,4% dan adanya dukungan tenaga kesehatan 80,0%. Dari analisis bivariat dengan CI 95% dan p-value < 0,05 didapatkan variabel dukungan keluarga dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan perilaku deteksi dini kanker payudara pada karyawati RS Kanker “Dharmais” tahun 2013. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, disarankan mengadakan sosialisasi kembali dan penyuluhan pentingnya deteksi dini kanker bagi karyawati secara berkala dan mengadakan program kerjasama antar satuan kerja terkait untuk lebih meningkatkan dan mengembangkan program deteksi dini kanker bagi seluruh karyawan terutama k

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Breast cancer is one of the major health problems in the world of women whose cases is increasing every year. However, the data obtained from the Employee Health Services Unit RS Kanker “Dharmais”, an employee of the early detection of breast cancer is still low compared to the target of Employee Health Services Unit. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the behavior of early detection of breast cancer in the RS Kanker “Dharmais” (One of the specialized Cancer Hospital in Indonesia) in 2013. This research is a descriptive analytic cross-sectional design and sampling by simple random sampling. Used data obtained from the questionnaires by the female respondents aged 30-50 years. The number of samples in this study was 110 people. The results showed that the employee had the early detection of breast cancer as much as 34.5%. Based on predisposing factors, age group 40-50 years as much as 51.8%, higher levels of education as much as 80.9%, employment / work at non-high risk units as much as 61.8%, 72.7% much better knowledgeable, having a positive attitude as much as 51, 8%. By enabling factors, health care facilities as much as 90.0% of respondents said adequate, facilities and infrastructure as much as 95.5% of respondents said adequate. By reinforcing factors, family support as much as 54.5%, the support of friends / work environment as much as 76.4% and the 80.0% support health workers. From bivariate analysis with 95% CI and p-value <0.05 was obtained variable family support and support health workers showed a significant correlation with the behavior of early detection of breast cancer in the Cancer Hospital employee "Dharmais" in 2013. Based on this study, it is recommended holding back socialization and education for the importance of early detection of cancer and conduct regular employee cooperation programs between units of work related to further improve and develop the cancer early detection program for all employees, especially women’s employee, such as creating a time-table schedule for early cancer detection in order to facilitate the working time employee with cancer early detection services."