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Arif Hidayat
"The purpose of this study is to develop natural zeolite impregnated with potassium nitrate (KNO3) as a heterogenous catalyst for the transesteri?cation of rice bran oil (RBO) in order to produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). We conducted the Nitrogen adsorption-desorption method, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrometer, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis in order to characterize the physicochemical properties of the modified natural zeolite catalysts. We investigated the influences of RBO to methanol mole ratio in the range of 1:6 to 1:12. The variation of natural zeolite catalyst amount performed, also, at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 wt. % of RBO. Moreover, the reaction temperatures were varied at room temperature (32°C), 60°C and 67.5°C. The highest biodiesel yield was 83.2% which was obtained at a ratio of 1:12 RBO to methanol mole, an amount of modified natural zeolite catalyst of 10 wt.% of RBO and a reaction temperature of 67.5°C. In order to study the reusability of modified natural zeolite catalyst, three successive transesteri?cation reactions were carried out using the same reaction conditions."
Depok: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 2018
UI-IJTECH 9:2 (2018)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Balgis
"Perkembangan industri tidak hanya memberi dampak positif, tetapi juga dampak negatif. Salah satu dampak negatifnya adalah meningkatnya limbah industri, seperti 4-nitroanilin (4-NA). Limbah 4-NA dapat ditangani dengan cara mereduksinya menjadi p-phenylenediamine (PPD). Reaksi reduksi tersebut berjalan sangat lambat, sehingga memerlukan katalis. Modifikasi material menggunakan nanopartikel logam saat ini banyak dikembangkan, terutama sebagai katalis. Untuk itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi zeolit alam dengan nanopartikel Au untuk mereduksi 4-NA. Nanopartikel Au memiliki sisi katalitik, sedangkan zeolit alam berfungsi sebagai template pada nanopartikel sehingga dihasilkan katalis heterogen untuk proses reduksi 4-NA. Modifikasi nanopartikel Au pada zeolit telah berhasil disintesis, dibuktikan dengan karakterisasi FTIR. Hasil karakterisasi dengan spektrofotometer Uv-Vis menunjukkan proses reduksi ditandai dengan bergesernya panjang gelombang maksimum dari 4-NA pada 380 nm menjadi 238 nm dan 305 nm, yang merupakan panjang gelombang maksimum dari PPD. Didapatkan aktivitas katalitik terbaik pada massa katalis 100 mg dan waktu reaksi selama 5 menit dengan nilai % reduksi 97%. Tetapan laju reaksi yang diperoleh sebesar 5,840x10-3 menit-1.

Nowadays, industrial development not only gives positive impact, but also negative impact. One of the negative impacts, which is commonly found, is the increasing number of industrial waste such as 4-nitroaniline (4-NA). The reduction of 4-nitroaniline to paraphenylendiamine (PPD) was studied to overcome that problem. The reduction process of 4-NA to PPD occurs slowly, so a catalyst is needed. Modification of materials by metal nanoparticles is widely developed, and the nanoparticle-modified materials are most commonly used as catalysts. Thus, the reduction of 4-NA to PPD with the presence of gold nanoparticle-modified zeolite as a catalyst was investigated in this study. Gold nanoparticles provided the catalytic site, and zeolite was used as a template for the nanoparticle. The catalyst was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The reduction of 4-NA to PPD was succesfully done, and observed by Uv-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The maximum wavelength of 4-NA at 380 nm changed to the maximum wavelength of PPD at 238 nm and 305 nm after the reduction. The catalyst showed high efficiency for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitroaniline to p-phenylenediamine with the reduction percentage was found to be 97% within 5 minutes using 100 mg catalyst. The rate constant of 4-NA reduction was found to be 5,840x10-3 minute-1."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S47724
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yeshinta Risky Priasmara Putri
"Limbah zat warna memberikan dampak negatif dengan semakin bertambahnya industri tekstil. Congo red adalah zat warna sintetis yang beracun dan stabil di lingkungan. Salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi limbah zat warna adalah adsorpsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan zeolit alam Bayah yang berpotensi sebagai adsorben zat warna. Dilakukan pula modifikasi menggunakan kitosan nanopartikel untuk meningkatkan kapasitas adsorpsi, kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi dengan FTIR. Diantara Nazeolit@chit (Na-zeolit modifikasi nanokitosan), ZeolitA@chit (zeolit aktif modifikasi nanokitosan) dan ZeolitA (zeolit aktif), Nazeolit@chit memiliki daya adsorpsi tertinggi. Modifikasi dengan performa terbaik ditunjukkan pada pelapisan nanokitosan sebanyak 3 kali dari percobaan sampai 7 kali pelapisan. Kemampuan NaZeolit@chit untuk mengadsorpsi zat warna congo red pada larutan cair telah dilakukan dengan memvariasikan waktu kontak (5-60 menit), pH (3,5-6,5), dan konsentrasi (200- 1200 ppm). Kondisi optimum adsorpsi congo red pada konsentrasi 800 ppm, waktu 5 menit dan pH 5 sebagai waktu kontak dan pH optimum dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 3,98 mg/g. Konsentrasi congo red ditentukan dengan UV-Vis. Hasil pengujian isotherm adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi congo red pada Nazeolit@chit mengikuti isotherm adsorpsi Freundlich. Studi kinetika adsorpsi mengikuti persamaan orde dua semu.

Waste dyes adversely impact with the growing textile industry. Congo red is a synthetic dyes are toxic and stable in the environment. One solution to reducing waste is dye adsorption. This study uses the Bayah natural zeolite as adsorbent dyes. Also conducted using a modification of chitosan nanoparticles to enhance the adsorption capacity, and characterization by FTIR. Among Nazeolit @ chit (Na-zeolite modification nanokitosan), ZeolitA @ chit (activated zeolite modification nanokitosan) and ZeolitA (active zeolite), Nazeolit @ chit has the highest adsorption capacity. Modifications to the best performance shown in coating nanokitosan 3 times of trial to 7 times coating. Ability NaZeolit @ chit to adsorb dye congo red in aqueous solution has been carried out by varying the contact time (5-60 minutes), pH (3.5 to 6.5), and concentration (200-1200 ppm). Optimum conditions congo red adsorption at a concentration 800 ppm, 5 minutes and pH 5 as contact time and pH optimum adsorption capacity of 3.98 mg / g. Congo red concentration was determined by UV-Vis. The test results showed that the adsorption isotherm adsorption congo red on Nazeolit @ chit Freundlich adsorption isotherm follows. Study of adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo- second-order equation."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S44649
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muthia Delaamira
"ABSTRAK
Kebutuhan manusia akan energi fossil semakin lama semakin meningkat. Salah
satu cara yang dapat membantu mengatasi hal ini adalah dengan menggunakan
pemanfaatan diesel hijau. Diesel hijau bisa didapatkan dari minyak tumbuhan.
Selain itut, bisa didapatkan pula dari mikroalga yaitu Chlorella vulgaris.
Mikroalga ini dikenal dengan kandungan lipidnya yang tinggi, dengan
mempertimbangkan beberapa parameter pendukungnya diantara lain yaitu
intensitas cahaya, medium, pH serta salinitas. Kandungan lipid tersebut akan
diekstrak dengan menggunakan metode Bligh-Dryer yang kemudian direaksikan
dengan methanol. Masalah berikutnya muncul dari katalis homogen yang
biasanya digunakan namun susah untuk diseparasi, sehingga biodiesel harus
dicuci kembali untuk mengembalikan pH serta akan mengurangi kualitasnya.
Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, katalis heterogen berupa zeolite memiliki
kemampuan untuk mengkatalisis reaksi tersebut. Kelebihannya yaitu mudah untuk
dipisahkan serta tidak mengurangi kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Katalis
heterogen memiliki peranan yang sama dengan katalis homogeny. Untuk
mendapatkan katalis yang optimal, maka digunakan beberapa variasi. Diantaranya
yaitu variasi pada saat impregnasi, serta variasi saat reaksi transesterifikasi
berlangsung. Diharapkan, dari beberapa variasi ini didapatkan karakterisasi katalis
heterogen CuO/Zeolit serta kondisi reaksi trasnesterifikasi yang menghasilkan
yield tertinggi. Katalis terbaik didapatkan saat konsentrasi Cu(NO3)2 0,002M serta
waktu perendaman 6 jam, yaitu dengan terimpregnasinya CuO sebesar 1770 ppm
didalam zeolite. Selain itu, variasi reaksi transesterifikasi terbaik didapatkan saat
menggunakan katalis 5%, suhu reaksi 60oC serta waktu reaksi 4jam. Masingmasing
memberikan yield terhadap berat kering sebanyak 4,92%, 6,41% ,4,55%
serta konversi sebesar 26,03%, 36,79% dan 28,66%.

ABSTRACT
Human needs for fossil energy increase every year. Green diesel is the main way
to resolve this world problem. Green diesel produces from vegetable oil. But then,
the alternative way came from the uses of microalgae in Chlorella vulgaris type
causes by its simplicity of growing. In the other hand, this microalgae known for
its high lipid content by considering several parameter such as light intensity,
medium nutrition, pH and also salinity. Lipid content will be extracted by using
Bligh-Dryer method which will be reacted with methanol along transesterification
reaction. Beside, there come another matter which is the utilization of homogeny
catalyst. The difficulty of separation is the main matter so then biodiesel need to
be washed in case normalizing the pH and this process will decrease the quality of
biodiesel. To resolve this problem, we?ll be using a heterogen catalyst, zeolite,
with ability to catalyst the process. Zeolite is easier to separate from the biodiesel
so there will not be needed washing process. Heterogent catalyst work as well as
homogeny catalyst. Variation needed to optimize the utilization of heterogen
catalyst, which occurred in impregnation and transesterification process. Upon
this variation, highest yield of biodiesel with CuO/Zeolit heterogent catalyst is
what this research aim for. Best catalyst obtained from Cu(NO3)2 0,002M and 6
hours of impregnation. It result a CuO of 1770ppm inside zeolite. Meanwhile,
transesterification variation reach the greatest result at 5% of catalyst, 60oC and 4
hours of reaction. It lead to a yield from dry weight of 4,92%, 6,41% ,4,55% and a
conversion of 26,03%, 36,79% and 28,66% in consecutive."
2016
T45604
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ario Guritno
"Sintesis dan uji kinerja katalis komposit Ag/TiO2-zeolit alam lampung-karbon aktif serta rekayasa alat untuk purifikasi udara ruang telah dilakukan. Katalis komposit ini dilapiskan ke pelat aluminium dengan metode spin coating dan selanjutnya diintegrasikan ke dalam prototipe alat purifikasi udara. Model polutan yang digunakan adalah bakteri E.coli sebagai model polutan biologis dan karbon monoksida pada asap rokok sebagai model polutan kimiawi. Karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan ukuran kristal anatase, rutile, Ag, Ag2O, dan AgO berturut-turut sebesar 20, 23, 16, 29, dan 23 nm. Hasil uji kinerja katalis menunjukkan disinfeksi bakteri mencapai 100% pada loading Ag 3,0wt% dan laju disinfeksi tertinggi pada loading 1,0wt%. Spesi ROS untuk disinfeksi dapat ditemukan pula pada udara, sehingga katalis aktif digunakan untuk purifikasi udara. Hasil uji kinerja katalis dan alat pada degradasi CO menunjukkan 80,25% CO murni pada konsentrasi tinggi terdegradasi. Produksi CO2 belum dapat diamati karena belum terjadi desorpsi oleh adsorben.

Synthesis and performance test of Ag/TiO2-lampung natural zeolite-activated carbon and prototyping for indoor air purification has been done. The composite catalysts were coated to aluminium plate by using spin coating method and then being integrated to indoor air purification prototype. E.coli bacteria as biological pollutant model and carbon monoxide in cigar smoke as chemical pollutant model were used. XRD characterization shows cristallinity size of anatase, rutile, Ag, Ag2O, dan AgO respectively 20, 23, 16, 29, dan 23 nm. Performance test of catalysts shows that bacteria disinfection up to 100% on 3,0wt% Ag loading wuth highest disinfection rate on 1,0wt% Ag loading. ROS specimen for disinfection can be found also in indoor air so the catalyst can be actively used for air purification. Performance test for catalyst and device shows that pure CO degradate up to 80,25% in high concentration. CO2 production has not been observed because of it has not been desorp by the adsorbent."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42851
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Claudia Harfian
"Pada penelitian ini dibuat katalis berbasis MnOx dengan zeolit alam Lampung (ZAL) sebagai penyangganya. Katalis ini berfungsi untuk mendekomposisi ozon dalam emisi gas buang industri yang menggunakan ozon. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah ukuran dan %-loading nominal katalis. Ukuran katalis yang digunakan adalah 18-35 mesh, 35-60 mesh, dan 60-100 mesh. %-loading nominal yang digunakan adalah 0%-w, 1%-w, dan 2%-w. Katalis diaktivasi dengan pencucian menggunakan aquademin, HCl, NaOH, dan kalsinasi. Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan BET dan SEM-EDX.
Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa ukuran katalis dan %-loading nominal MnOx mempengaruhi kinerja katalis dalam mendekomposisi ozon. Katalis MnOx/ZAL 1%-w dengan ukuran 60-100 mesh menghasilkan konversi ozon yang paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 74,5%. Didapatkan juga bahwa ZAL-lah yang memiliki peran utama dan dominan, dimana MnOx tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada kinerja katalis dalam dekomposisi ozon.

This research make catalyst based on MnOx and Lampung natural zeolite as catalyst support, which serves to decompose ozone in industrial effluent gas which uses ozone. The varied variable is the size and %-nominal loading of the catalyst. The sizes are 18-35 mesh, 35-60 mesh, and 60-100 mesh. The %-nominal loadings are 0%-w, 1%-w, and 2%-w. The catalysts will be activated washed it using aquademin, HCl, NaOH, and calcination. The catalysts are characterized using BET and SEM-EDX.
This research concludes that size and nominal %-loading of catalysts affect their performance in decomposing ozone. MnOx/ZAL 1%-w with 60-100 mesh size catalyst gives the highest ozone conversion which is 74,5%. This research also give results that the most dominant or the main role in decomposing ozone is ZAL, where MnOx did not give any significant effect.
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Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2016
S64289
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Agustina Eliyanti
"There is an abundant source of naturally occurring mordenitein the Bayah region of Indonesia. In this work we studied how acid dealumination of this indigenous zeolite affected its physical, chemical and catalytic properties. The results are compared to those obtained with another natural mordenite and a commercially available synthetic mordenite. Acid dealumination of mordenites is known to affect the pore structure and therefore enhance the adsorption-properties of the zeolite and the accessibility to its acidic sites. A series of dealuminated mordenite samples were prepared. They were refluxed in constant boiling HCl as a function of time. The samples were each subsequently exchanged with IN ammonium nitrate. The Si/Al ratio was determined by X-Ray Fluorescence. The presence of other metals was detected with Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. Nitrogen Adsorption was used to determine the surface area and the pore size distribution. Crystallinity and unit cell size were determined via X-Ray Diffraction. The surface morphology was probed with Scanning Electron Microscopy. An n-hexane cracking test was utilized to probe catalytic activity and selectivity.
The results of this study indicate that up to and including sixteen hours of reflux, dealumination of this natural Indonesian mordenite increases the crystallinity and the average pore size, however the surface area and the unit cell size remain constant. Additional reflux, beyond sixteen hours, destroyed a portion 'of the zeolitic framework, indicated by a loss in crystallinity. Cracking activity increased through sixteen hours .of ref lux and was found to be constant thereafter. Total' C2, C3 and C4 {including isobutene) selectivity improved through sixteen hours of reflux and then also remained constant. In comparison to a commercially available sample of synthetic mordenite, the modified Indonesian mordenite ,is less active, but has comparable selectivity. However, compared to the naturally occuring U.S. mordenite, the modified Indonesian mordenite has improved physical and catalytic properties."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 1992
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nizar Yamani
"Zeolit merupakan salah satu mineral yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia dan mempunyai banyak fungsi seperti untuk penyerapan, katalis, penyaring molekul, dsb. Pada penelitian ini dikhususkan kepada fungsi zeolit sebagai desiccant yang mampu menyerap kelembaban. Zeolit serbuk dibentuk menjadi pellet melalui tahap pengayakan, aktivasi, pencampuran, kompaksi, dan kalsinasi. Tekanan kompaksi dan waktu kalsinasi menjadi dua parameter dalam penelitian ini. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu XRD, SEM dan sorptionisotherm. Zeolit yang memiliki kapasitas penyerapan air paling besar yaitu pada kondisi serbuk. Sedangkan dalam bentuk pellet, zeolit yang memiliki kapasitas penyerapan air paling besar yaitu pellet pada kondisi tekanan kompaksi 20 bar dan waktu kalsinasi 1 jam.

Zeoliteis available in abundant amount in Indonesia. It can be used for many functions such as adsorbent, catalyst, molecular sieve, etc. This research specifically tries to optimize the use of zeolite as a desiccant to adsorb moistures. Zeolite powders are formed into pellets by sieveing, activation, mixing, compaction and calcination with variations in compaction pressure and calcination time. The characterization are done using XRD, SEM and sorption-isotherm. Zeolite powder shows the best water adsorption capacity. As for pellet shape, the best water adsorption capacity is achieved by compaction pressure 20 bar and calcination time 1 hour."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42640
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hasibuan, Rendi Akbar
"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan reduksi gas NO2 dari kendaraan bermotor. Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor menimbulkan tingginya tingkat pencemaran udara terutama nitrogendioksida (NO2). Untuk menanggulanginya dapat dilakukan pemasangan adsorben pada saluran gas buang kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini menggunakan zeolit alam yang termodifikasi TiO2 sebagai adsorben. Zeolit terlebih dahulu diaktivasi dengan larutan HF 2 %, HCl 6M, NH4Cl 0,1M, dikalsinasi, kemudian dilakukan modifikasi dengan TiO2 melalui metode sol-gel.
Pada penelitian ini, berbagai fenomena terkait adsorpsi NO2 dijelaskan, seperti pengaruh konsentrasi awal gas, waktu kontak, loading TiO2, dan aplikasi pada kendaraan bermotor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ZA/TiO2-20% sebagai adsorben pada kendaraan bermotor mampu mengurangi emisi gas NO2 sekitar 45-49%.

In this study carried out the reduction of NO2 gas from motor vehicles. The increase number of motor vehicle produce high level of air poluting gas, particularly nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Instalation of adsorbent at the exhaust line can overcome this problem. This study use natural zeolite modified with TiO2 as adsorbent. Zeolite was activated with HF 1%, HCl 6M, and NH4Cl 0,1M solution. Next, it was calcinated and modified with TiO2 using sol-gel method.
In this study, some phenomenons related with NO2 adsorption is explained, such as influence of initial gas concentration, duration of contact, loading of TiO2, and application at motor vehicle. The result of the study shows the use of ZA/TiO2 as adsorbent at motor vehicle can reduce NO2 gas emision about 45-49%.
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Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42560
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Paputungan, Zulkarnaen
"Hibrida zeolit NaY - ZSM-5 telah berhasil dibuat di atas permukaan pelat kuarsa. Zeolit ZSM-5 dilapisi di atas permukaan pelat kuarsa dengan menggunakan metode spin coating menggunakan bubuk zeolit ZSM-5 yang sebelumnya disintesis dari koloid gel ZSM-5 dengan menggunakan metode sintesis double template dan metode hidrotermal. Dilanjutkan dengan pelapisan zeolit NaY menggunakan metode dip coating menggunakan bubuk zeolit NaY dari hasil sintesis menggunakan proses seeding. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa zeolit yang dihasilkan merupakan zeolit ZSM-5 dan NaY. Diperkuat dengan hasil SEM dan EDS yang memperlihatkan rasio Si/Al pada ZSM-5 sebesar 41,3 dan pada NaY sebesar 2,08. Kemudian dilakukan modifikasi menggunakan ion Co2+ .Untuk melihat pengaruh gas amonia terhadap hibrida zeolit dihitung menggunakan metode EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectrometer) yang dengan rentang frekuensi 50 Hz ? 1 MHz. Didapatkan rentang deteksi amonia 0 ppm ? 1000 ppm. Serta dihitung hubungan antara konsentrasi dengan perubahan nilai impedansi pada frekuensi 2000 Hz dan diperoleh nilai r2 sebesar 0,9531. Sedangkan nilai r2 untuk komposit tanpa Co2+ pada 7000Hz didapatkan senilai 0,9991.

Zeolite hybrid NaY-ZSM-5 has been successfully made on quartz plate. ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized using double template and hydrothermal technique and deposited using sipn coating method. The process was continued with depositing NaY zeolite that was synthesized with seeding technique using dip coating method. The XRD result show that the zeolite wich was synthesized was ZSM-5 and NaY zeolite. SEM and EDS characterization that have a good agree with XRD data show Si/Al ratio in ZSM-5 and NaY was 41.3 and 2.1, respectively. Modification was performed using Co2+ ion. The influence of ammonia gases on the zeolite hybrid was see using EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectrometer) method with frequency range 50 Hz ? 1 MHz. Correlation between concentration and impedance value was plotted at 2000Hz frequency and the obtained value was r2=0.9531. While value of r2 for composite without Co2+ at 7000Hz was 0,9991."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S61462
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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