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"Road safety barriers are used to redirect traffic at roadside work-zones. When filled with water, these barriers are able to withstand low to moderate impact speeds up to 50kmh-1. Despite this feature, there are challenges when using portable water-filled barriers (PWFBs) such as large lateral displacements as well as tearing and breakage during impact, especially at higher speeds. In this study, the authors explore the use of composite action to enhance the crashworthiness of PWFBs and enable their use at higher speeds. Initially, we investigated the energy absorption capability of water in PWFB. Then, we considered the composite action of a PWFB with the introduction of a steel frame to evaluate its impact on performance. Findings of the study show that the initial height of impact must be lower than the free surface level of water in a PWFB for the water to provide significant crash energy absorption. In general, impact of a road barrier that is 80% filled is a good estimation. Furthermore, the addition of a composite structure greatly reduces the probability of tearing by decreasing the strain and impact energy transferred to the shell container. This allows the water to remain longer in the barrier to absorb energy via inertial displacement and sloshing response. Information from this research will aid in the design of next generation roadside safety structures aimed to increase safety on modern roadways."

"Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan masalah serius dengan mneyebabkan jutaan kematian setiap tahunnya terhadap pengguna jalan tersebut, termasuk pada persimpangan di Indonesia. Faktor seperti ketidakpatuhan terhadap aturan, kecepatan tidak terkendali, dan kurangnya infrastruktur berkontribusi pada tingginya angka kecelakaan Namun kecelakaan hampir celaka sering diabaikan dalam upaya pencegahan kecelakaan dan meminimalisir resiko fatalitas kecelakaan lalu lintas. Melalui metode Swedish TCT dan analisis probit ordinal model dapat menganalisis tingkat keparahan konflik, memprediksi pengaruh konflik terhadap kecepatan kendaraan dan jarak antar kendaraan, serta memberikan arah perbaikan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan simpang pada Jl. Letnan Sutopo-Jl. Promoter-Jl Boulevard BSD Timur Tangerang Selatan. Perbaikan yang dilakukan berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian ini yaitu dengan memberikan marka bantu pada persimpangan. Dimana hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemasangan marka bantu menurunkan konflik serius dari 93.06% menjadi 81.25%, membuktikan efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan keselamatan. Secara keseluruhan, pemasangan marka bantu menunjukkan hasil positif dalam upaya meningkatkan keselamatan lalu lintas di persimpangan ini, terutama melalui pengaruh signifikan variabel jarak antar kendaraan dengan konflik serius yang terjadi. Dengan adanya marka bantu, pengaturan jarak antar kendaraan tampaknya lebih efektif, membantu mengurangi risiko konflik serius. Oleh karena itu, strategi keselamatan lalu lintas di persimpangan ini sebaiknya tetap mempertahankan dan memperkuat intervensi yang melibatkan pemasangan marka bantu serta mempertimbangkan peningkatan edukasi dan pemeliharaan marka untuk memastikan efektivitas jangka panjang. Pedoman dari Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) menekankan pentingnya marka yang jelas dan dirancang dengan baik untuk efisiensi dan keselamatan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk peningkatan keselamatan di persimpangan lainnya di Indonesia melalui pemasangan dan pemeliharaan marka jalan khususnya marka bantu yang efektif serta edukasi kepada pengemudi mengenai pentingnya menjaga jarak aman dan kecepatan yang sesuai peraturan yang berlaku. Diharapkan, dengan penerapan hasil penelitian ini, keselamatan berlalu lintas di Kota Tangerang Selatan dan di Indonesia secara umum dapat ditingkatkan.

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Traffic accidents are a serious issue, causing millions of deaths annually among road users, including at intersections in Indonesia. Factors such as non-compliance with rules, uncontrolled speeding, and lack of infrastructure contribute to high accident rates. However, near-miss accidents are often overlooked in accident prevention efforts aimed at minimizing the risk of fatalities in traffic accidents. Through the Swedish TCT method and ordinal probit model analysis, it is possible to assess the severity of conflicts, predict the impact of conflicts on vehicle speed and following distance, and provide directions for improving intersection safety at Jl. Letnan Sutopo - Jl. Promoter - Jl Boulevard BSD Timur, South Tangerang. Improvements based on this research analysis include installing intersection markings. The results show that installing these markings reduced serious conflicts from 93.06% to 81.25%, proving their effectiveness in enhancing safety. Overall, installing intersection markings has yielded positive results in enhancing traffic safety at this intersection, particularly through the significant influence of vehicle spacing on serious conflicts. With the markings in place, regulating vehicle spacing appears more effective, helping to reduce the risk of serious conflicts. Therefore, traffic safety strategies at this intersection should maintain and reinforce interventions involving intersection markings, alongside considering enhanced education and maintenance of these markings for long-term effectiveness. Guidelines from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) emphasize the importance of clearly designed markings for traffic efficiency and safety. This study recommends enhancing safety at other intersections in Indonesia through effective installation and maintenance of intersection markings, particularly those proven effective, and educating drivers on the importance of maintaining safe distances and complying with speed limits. It is hoped that implementing the findings of this research will improve traffic safety in South Tangerang and across Indonesia as a whole."

"Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar ke-8 di dunia. Di Indonesia, kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas juga cenderung mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Faktor manusia menjadi salah satu penyebab terbesar kecelakaan lalu lintas. Perilaku mengemudi yang berisiko, termasuk distraksi saat mengemudi, merupakan salah satu faktor manusia yang berkontribusi pada kecelakaan lalu lintas. Di lain sisi, usia pengemudi juga memengaruhi perilaku mengemudi, dengan pengemudi muda dan paruh baya yang cenderung lebih berpotensi melakukan perilaku mengemudi berisiko. Pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi pada kecelakaan lalu lintas diperlukan untuk meningkatkan upaya keselamatan jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model yang menghubungkan distraksi, umur, dan perilaku mengemudi dengan kecelakaan/insiden lalu lintas pada pengemudi muda dan paruh baya, serta merumuskan strategi untuk meningkatkan keselamatan jalan. Sebanyak 284 pengemudi yang terdiri dari kelompok umur muda dan kelompok umur menengah di DKI Jakarta terlibat sebagai responden penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan melibatkan metode Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Pearson's Chi-square, dan Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) dengan instrumen kuesioner seperti Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), Road Distractions Scale (RDS), dan Risk Perception and Regulation Scale (RPRS). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan hipotesis antara dua kelompok umur, yaitu distraksi memiliki dampak langsung terhadap penyimpangan (lapses), serta pelanggaran (violations) memiliki dampak langsung terhadap insiden kecelakaan. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya mediasi pada kelompok pengemudi muda, yakni pelanggaran menjadi mediasi antara distraksi dan insiden lalu lintas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara keseluruhan, dibuat beberapa rekomendasi strategi yang diproyeksikan dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mengurangi angka kecelakaan dan meningkatkan keselamatan mengemudi secara umum.

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Traffic accidents are the 8th leading cause of death in the world. In Indonesia, traffic accident cases also tend to increase every year. Human factors are one of the major causes of traffic accidents. Risky driving behavior, including driving distractions, is one of the human factors that contribute to traffic accidents. On the other hand, the age of the driver also influences driving behavior, with young and middle-aged drivers being more prone to risky driving behavior. A deep understanding of the factors contributing to traffic accidents is necessary to improve road safety efforts. This study aims to design a model that connects distractions, age, and driving behavior with traffic accidents/incidents among young and middle-aged drivers, as well as formulate strategies to improve road safety. A total of 284 drivers consisting of young and middle-aged groups in DKI Jakarta participated as respondents in this study. The methods used involve Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Pearson's Chi-square, and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) with questionnaire instruments such as the Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), Road Distractions Scale (RDS), and Risk Perception and Regulation Scale (RPRS). The findings show that there are hypothesis similarities between the two age groups, namely that distractions have a direct impact on lapses, and violations have a direct impact on traffic incidents. Additionally, mediation was found in the young driver group, where violations mediate between distractions and traffic incidents. Based on the overall research results, several strategic recommendations are made that are projected to serve as alternatives in reducing accident/incident rates and improving driving safety in general."

"Tugas Akhir ini mengangkat pentingnya pengetahuan disiplin berlalulintas pada anak-anak usia sekolah agar mereka memiliki bekal pemahaman Ientimg bersikap yang aman dalam suatu situasi lalu lintas. Program berisi serangkaian pelatihan yang partisipatif dengan target intervensi anak usia sekolah (6~l2 tahun), namun difokuskan pada anak usia 9-10 tahun yang duduk di kelas empat, SDN Pondok Cina Ol, Depok. Intervensi dilatarbelakangani oleh kenyataan bahwa kondisi lalu lintas di jalan Margonda Raya tepat di depan SDN Pondok Cina Ol sangat rawan bagi keselamatan para siswa. Setiap hari mereka mau tidak mau harus melalui lalu lintas yang padat dan semrawut. Kondisi lalu lintas seperti itu menjadi ancaman bagi keselamatan jiwa mereka. Terbukti sepanjang tahun 2008, lebih dari I0 siswa sekolah mcnjadi korban kecelakaan lalu lintas di depan sekolah mereka sendiri. Perilaku pemakai jalan yang tidak mengindahkan disiplin berlalulintas merupakan faktor utama penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas di Wilayah Depok sepanjang 2008 (Kasat Lantas Depok, 2009). Perilaku tersebut bukan tidak rnungkin untuk diperbaiki sqiak usia dini. Memasukkan pemahaman, aturan, fakta lewat pcsan-pcsan komunikatif akan mampu mempengaruhi individu untuk membuat perubahan sikap (Secord dan Backman, 1964 dalam Azwar, 2003). Intervensi cdukasi merupakan salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan change agent untuk mempengaruhi change target agar melakukan perubahan sosial (Zaltman, 1977). Baseline study dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, focussed-group discussion, kucsioncr dan kepustakaan. Intervensi terhadap target menggunakan metode partisipatif melalui berbagai teknik intervensi scperti mcndongeng, pcrmainan, diskusi, menggambar dan praktek Iangsung di lapangan. Target intervensi mengambil sample anak usia 9-10 tahun sesuai dengan teori perkembangan dari Piaget bahwa pada usia tersebut anak berada pada tahap perkembangan kognisi Operasional Konkrit. Perkembangan moral disiplin pada tahap im telah berkembang dengan baik yakni tidak hanya rnampu membedakan baik - bumk, dan benar - salah, tetapi juga alasannya. Dengan pendekatan kognisi sosial (Social Cognilive Theory), program lcbih memfokuskan pada kognisi subyek intervensi dengan pemelajaran melalui pendekatan observasi dari Bandura. Analisis kuantitatif melalui Sample Paired T-test menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman subyek terhadap disiplin berlalulintas antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil analisis kualitatif menyebutkan bahwa subyek merasa program intervensi sangat bermanfaat dan memotivasi mereka untuk merubah perilaklmya sebagai pengunajalan. Untuk keberlangsungan program ini, disarankan agar pelatihan disiplin berlalu lintas ini dapat menjadi kurikulum sekolah dan pihak sekolah dapat mengusulkan pembuatan Zona Selamat Sekolah (ZQSS) kepada pihak yang bcrwcnang demi kesclamatan siswa-siswanya.

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This study highlights the importance of inculcating the knowledge of road safety disciplines among children at school age (6-12) to enable them to be able to keep themselves as safe as possible on the roads. The Program, consisting of series of participative training activities, is targeting 47 fourth graders aged 9-10 years old at Pondok Cina 01 Public Elementary School (SDN), Depok.

This intervention is triggered by serious traflic safety concems on thc street located just outside of the school yard. The heavy traffic situation witl1 insufficient road safety support (crossing bridge, clear zebra crossing, school signage, and presence of trained school security and police guards) puts the school children at risk.

The result is chaos for them, who, as road users are forced into this traffic situation as they seek to enter or leave their schoolyard. In 2008, over 10 students from the SDN Pondok Cina 01 had been involved in the traffic accidents taking place on the street, just in front of their school gate. Report from Depok Police Office (2008) explains, road users’ behaviour with no respect of road safety disciplines is the main factor behind the accidents. This behaviour is not impossible to be intervened since the early age. The change target can be influenced through educational intervention of communicative messages such as dissemination of knowledge and understanding of traffic rules (Zaltman 1977).

The baseline studies include observation, interviews, focussed-group discussion (F GD), literatures and distribution of pre-test and post-test questionnaires to the subjects. Using participative method, skill-based training is executed with various approaches such B story telling, games, problem-solving discussion, drawing competitions and direct practice out on the roads in real situation setting.

The change target (47 students of 9 -I0 years old), according to Piaget’s moral cognitive theory, is at the Concrete Operational stage and at the stage of established moral disciplines development. They have grown their competence not only to diierentiate good - bad, right - wrong, but also the reasons behind those. Using the social cognitive theory, the intervention emphasizes more on the subjects’ cognition through observational learning of Bandura.

The quantitative analysis ofthe pre-post test using sample-paired t-test shows a significant increase in subjects’ understanding towards traffic signs, regulations and road safety disciplines. The qualitative examination indicates the training is an effective altemative to train children to be safer pedestrians. In summary, the intervention program yields success and brings positive impact to the subjects for they are able to improve their knowledge about road safety disciplines and change their behaviours as road users.

For sustainability of the program, it is advisable that the school proposes the government to include the road safety education as part of the elementary school curriculum and build ZoSS for the safety of their students."

"Pembangunan terowongan jalan merupakan hal baru di Indonesia dan menjadi proyek pertama di Pulau Kalimantan. Tantangan utama dalam proyek ini adalah karakteristik tanah podsolik/ultisol di perbukitan dan tanah gambut di dataran rendah, yang memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap stabilitas tanah dalam konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengendalikan potensi bahaya serta risiko melalui perencanaan safety plan, serta mengevaluasi dan mengembangkan Rencana Keselamatan Konstruksi (RKK) yang sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri PUPR No. 10 Tahun 2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan mencakup wawancara dan expert judgement, dengan pendekatan analisis kualitatif dan deskriptif berdasarkan regulasi terkait. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 57 variabel bahaya dan risiko serta pengendaliannya dalam safety plan berdasarkan masukan dari para pakar yang disesuaikan dengan metode kerja proyek. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap perlunya pengembangan format tambahan dalam dokumen RKK guna memenuhi kebutuhan lapangan dan meningkatkan efektivitas keselamatan konstruksi. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rencana Keselamatan Konstruksi yang komprehensif dan sesuai regulasi mampu secara signifikan mengurangi risiko dan ketidakpastian pada proyek. Pendekatan ini mendukung pencapaian target zero accident dan berimplikasi pada penyediaan referensi yang relevan bagi penyedia jasa, secara khusus di wilayah dengan tantangan geoteknik seperti Kalimantan.

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The construction of the road tunnel was new in Indonesia and the first project in Kalimantan Island. The main challenge in this project is the characteristics of podzolic/ultisol soil in the hills and peat soil in the lowlands, which has a high risk to soil stability in construction. This research aims to identify and control potential hazards and risks through safety plan planning, as well as evaluate and develop a Construction Safety Plan (CSP) that complies with the Minister of PUPR Regulation No. 10 of 2021. The research methods used include interview and expert judgment,with a qualitative and descriptive analysis approach based on relevant regulations. The results of the research identified 57 hazard and risk variables and their control in the safety plan based on input from experts adapted to project work methods. The research also revealed the need to develop additional formats in the CSP document to meet field needs and improve the effectiveness of construction safety. The research conclusion shows that a comprehensive and compliant Construction Safety Plan (CSP) is able to significantly reduce risks and uncertainties on the project. This approach supports the achievement of zero accident targets and has implications for providing relevant references for service providers, particularly in geotechnically challenged regions such as Kalimantan."

"The prevalence of road accidents in Indonesia is still extremely high, with human error being claimed as a major contributing factor. Profiles of the drivers involved in the accidents are not typically available, and studies covering this subject are also limited. In this paper, Indonesian road transportation will be discussed, particularly with respect to traffic accidents and the associated characteristics of the drivers. Also of interest is the description of certain demographic aspects and their relation to road accidents. Data were collected from the news, along with an online survey of 138 commercial drivers, 10% of whom were female). It was found that spending an inordinate amount of time driving per week induces sleepiness and fatigue and is considered as one of the prime causes of accidents. It was also determined that lack of concentration was one of the dominant (~51%) causes. Differences in age, gender, and driving experience did not seem to be related to the likelihood of accidents."

"Angka kecelakaan konstruksi di Indonesia tergolong tinggi, termasuk pada konstruksi Jalan Tol. Kecelakaan pada proyek konstruksi di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa selain penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Konstruksi di Indonesia masih terabaikan, kecelakaan konstruksi juga disebabkan oleh kurangnya biaya dalam Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Konstruksi. Proyek konstruksi jalan tol telah menetapkan anggaran biaya SMKK sebesar 0,5-1,5 % dan dinilai cukup rendah karena berada dibawah 3 % dari biaya proyek. Metode statistik dengan SPSS versi 26 digunakan untuk meneliti hubungan dari komponen Biaya SMKK, komponen AHSP, dan Kinerja Keselamatan Konstruksi pada Proyek Jalan Tol. Hasil dari penelitian akan menunjukkan komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada kesadaran keselamatan adalah papan jalur evakuasi, Alat Pemadam Api Ringan (APAR), program inspeksi dan audit internal. Komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada manajemen disiplin diri adalah induksi keselamatan konstruksi, tali keselamatan (lifeline), dan biaya alat. Komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada pengendalian kecelakaan adalah Alat Pemadam Api Ringan (APAR), program inspeksi dan audit internal, serta biaya material.

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The number of construction accidents in Indonesia is quite high, including the construction of toll roads. Accidents on construction projects in Indonesia show that in addition to the neglect of the implementation of the Construction Safety Management System in Indonesia, construction accidents are also caused by a lack of cost in the Construction Safety Management System. The toll road construction project has set an SMKK cost budget of 0.5-1.5% and is considered quite low because it is below 3% of the project cost. Statistical methods were used to examine the relationship of Cost Components of SMKK, Components of AHSP, and Construction Safety Performance on Toll Road Projects. The results of the study show that the components that have the most influence on safety awareness are evacuation route boards, fire extinguishers, inspection programs and internal audits. The components that have the most influence on self-discipline management are construction safety induction, lifeline, and tool costs. The components that have the most influence on accident control are fire extinguishers, inspection and internal audit programs, and material costs."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah pagar keselamatan pada jalan Tol Pekanbaru – Minas sudah dapat memberikan keselamatan kepada pengguna jalan tol. Pagar keselamatan harus memenuhi ketentuan yang telah diatur pada Standar Nasional dan Standar Internasional pagar keselamatan. Jenis pagar keselamatan yang diteliti ialah pagar kaku dan pagar semi kaku. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 (dua) jenis metode. Metode yang pertama adalah dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran 1 (satu) sampel pagar kaku. Metode yang kedua adalah dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran pagar semi kaku di setiap 100 m segmen jalan tol. Analisis data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Data primer yang diperoleh di lapangan akan dilakukan analisis statisik deskriptif dan perhitungan nilai peluang kecelakaan akibat defisiensi pagar keselamatan. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa beberapa parameter pagar kaku dan pagar semi kaku yang diukur dan diamati baik dimensi maupun pemasangan pagar belum sesuai dengan Standar Nasional dan Standar Internasional. Dengan begitu, pagar keselamatan pada jalan tol yang ditinjau belum sepenuhnya memberikan keselamatan kepada pengguna jalan tol.

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This study aims to determine whether the safety barrier on the Pekanbaru – Minas Toll Road can provide safety for toll road users. The safety barrier must meet the criteria of National Standards and International Standards of safety barrier. The types of safety barrier studied were rigid barrier and semi-rigid barrier. The research method used in this study consisted of 2 (two) types of methods. The first method is to observe and measure 1 (one) sample of rigid barrier. The second method is to observe and measure the semi-rigid barrier in every 100 m segment of the toll road. Data analysis was carried out in this study using quantitative descriptive analysis methods. The primary data obtained in the field will be used for descriptive statistical analysis and the calculation of the probability of an accident due to a safety barrier deficiency. The results of the study show that some parameters of rigid barriers and semi-rigid barriers that are measured and observed both dimensions and installation of barriers are not in accordance with National Standards and International Standards. That way, the safety barriers on the toll road under review has not fully provided safety to toll road users."

"Perusahaan X adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang produksi beton, dimana pada proses kerja melibatkan alat transportasi seperti truck, tanki, loader, mobil, dan lain sebagainya. Jenis kecelakaan kerja yang sering terjadi berupa kecelakaan kerja lalu-lintas. Pengendalian-pengendalian telah dilakukan dan diterapkan namun angka kecelakaan tetap saja tinggi. Agar pengendalian tepat sasaran, diperlukan analisis atau kajian terhadap bahaya dan risiko keselamatan lalu-lintas di dalam plant perusahaan X. Analisis risiko yang tajam dan mendalam menghasilkan pengendalian yang tepat sasaran. Analisis risiko dilakukan dengan menggunakan standard AZ/NZS 4360 : 2004 dengan mempertimbangkan probability, konsekuensi, dan tingkat risikonya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif bersifat deskriptif melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 32 potensi bahaya dan 46 risiko keselamatan lalu lintas di dalam plant perusahaan X dimana hasil analisis tingkat risiko berdasarkan pengendalian yang sudah ada, terdapat 16 risiko sangat tinggi, 15 risiko tinggi, 5 sedang, dan 10 rendah. Enam belas risiko sangat tinggi merupakan 12 faktor pengendara dab 4 faktor jalan.

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X company is one of a company that produce ready use concrete. Most of their work process are involving vehicle (truck, tank, loader, car, etc). The type of workplace accident that usually happened is traffic accident. Controls are being planned and applied, but the accident still happen. To make an appropriate controls, company needs to do the risk analysis about risk, hazard, and unexpected event in the plant. Risk analysis can be done by the use of AS/NZS 4360 : 2004 standard and assess the probability, consequences, and level of risk. Method that used is descriptive-qualitative including observation and deep interview. The result showed that the potential hazard found are 32 and risk found are 46, which is the level of risk is 16 extremely high, 15 high, 5 moderete, and 10 low."