Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"An experimental study to examine the capabilities of the microbubble generator (MBG) on aerobic wastewater treatment was carried out under laboratory and industrial conditions. The tested MBG types were porous pipe & orifice and an MBG with a spherical body and drilled holes. In the laboratory-testing condition, an MBG was placed at a depth of 40 cm from the water surface. Three different pressure transducers were installed around the body of the MBG in order to analyze the inlet water pressure, the air-suction pressure, and the pressure at the outlet of the MBG. Next, the bubble diameter was measured by capturing the bubble pictures using a digital camera and analyzed using a developed image-processing technique. In order to simulate the application of the microbubble generator in the industrial field, a feasibility test of the MBG in aerobic wastewater treatment was performed. The results show the increase in MBG quantity with a higher ability to increase the oxygen, and that it is necessary to arrange the placement of each MBG in configuration to minimize bubble coalescence. Furthermore, by using a bio-ball as the porous media for microorganism attachment in aerobic wastewater treatment, the feasibility test showed promising results. Carbon on demand (COD) could be reduced to around 354 mg/l. The value of dissolved Oxygen (DO) was larger than 2 mg/L. The Ph level remained at 6, and temperature remained no more than 35ºC, which meet the requirements of aerobic wastewater treatment."

"This paper presents the efficiency improvement in aerobic wastewater treatment technology through the application of a microbubble generator (MBG) for aeration. Aeration using an MBG is accomplished through water circulation and does not need air compressors, making it more energy efficient than conventional aerators. The MBG aerobic system with the variations on liquid flow rate (Q1) and airflow rate (Qg) combination was tested using artificial wastewater with a typical composition of organic waste. Experimental data were evaluated by means of a simplified mathematical model to systematically compare different MBG schemes. The study confirmed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal efficiency was significantly affected by the Qg values. Lower Qg values were preferable because they tended to have higher soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal efficiency. However, the microbubbles were less stable at lower Qg due to the high incidence of bubble collisions. The study concluded that for applications in an actual aerobic waste treatment pond, the positioning of the MBG in the pond had to be carefully designed to minimize the collision tendency."

"

Zat warna procion red adalah salah satu pewarna sintesis yang paling sering digunakan dalam indusrtri tekstil dan dapat menyebabkan efek buruk terhadap ekosistem air. Degradasi limbah cair tekstil dilakukan menggunakan metode Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) berbasis ozonasi gelembung mikro dan hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂). Gabungan metode ini dipilih untuk mengatasi nilai kelarutan ozon dalam air yang kecil dan untuk meningkatkan pembentukan radikal hidroksil. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan melakukan kuantifikasi radikal OH untuk mengetahui jumlah radikal OH yang terbentuk. Kemudian, proses pengolahan limbah dilakukan selama 1 jam dengan metode ozonasi gelembung mikro tunggal, metode H₂O₂, dan gabungan metode ozonasi gelembung mikro dan H₂O₂. Sampel dianalisis setiap 15 menit. Pengolahan limbah dengan metode kombinasi H₂O₂ dan ozonasi gelembung mikro memiliki kondisi optimal yaitu laju alir 6 LPM dan jumlah injeksi H₂O₂ sebanyak 2 kali dengan konsentrasi total 100 ppm. Hasil persentase penyisihan kadar Pt-Co, konsentrasi pewarna, COD, turbiditas, TSS, dan DO adalah sebesar 96,27%, 99,22%, dan 66,41%, 99,25%, 95,24%, dan 17,24% dalam 60 menit.

---

Procion red dye is one of the most used synthetic dyes in the textile industry which can cause adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. Degradation of textile wastewater was carried out using the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) method based on microbubble ozonation and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). This combination of methods was chosen to overcome the low solubility of ozone in water and to increase the formation of hydroxyl radicals. This research was started by quantifying OH radicals to determine the amount of OH radicals formed. Then, the waste treatment process was carried out for 1 hour using the single microbubble ozonation method, the H₂O₂ method, and the combined H₂O₂ and microbubble ozonation method. The samples were analyzed every 15 minutes. Wastewater treatment using the combined method of H₂O₂ and microbubble ozonation has the optimum conditions of 6 LPM wastewater flowrate and 2 times injection of H₂O₂ with the concentration of 100 ppm. The resulting percentage of Pt-Co, dye concentration, COD, turbidity, TSS, and DO removal is 96.27%, 99.22%, dan 66.41%, 99.25%, 95.24%, dan 17.24% in 60 minutes.

"

"Electrolytic Microbubble Generator merupakan salah satu teknik yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghasilkan bubble dalam ukuran micro. Gelembunggelembung hidrogen dan oksigen dapat dihasilkan karena pemisahan senyawa air oleh elektrolisis. Teknik ini merupakan teknik yang banyak digunakan dalam studi tentang microbubble untuk mengurangi gesekan antara fluida dan dinding sekelilingnya. Percobaan pertama dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik microbubble dari teknik elektrolisis. Beberapa variasi yang digunakan antara lain dengan penggunaan elektroda diameter 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, dan 0.7 mm, serta variasi tegangan DC sebesar 5 V, 10 V, 15 V dan 20 V. Dengan beberapa variasi ini diharapkan dapat ditarik kesimpulan antara tegangan dan diameter kawat elektroda terhadap karakteristik diamater dan debit microbubble. Percobaan kedua dilakukan untuk mengamati fenomena yang terjadi pada aliran fluida pipa horizontal dengan pemberian microbubble hasil elektrolisis. Kawat elektroda dibentangkan pada pipa Acrylic diameter 1 inchi sepanjang 1 meter dan penurunan tekanan diamati sebelum dan sesudah pemberian microbubble. Teknik elektrolisis pada percobaan ini cukup mudah dilakukan dan microbubble dapat dihasilkan dengan baik pada setiap variasi. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik yaitu terdapat hubungan linear antara besaran tegangan terhadap debit dan diameter microbubble. Sedangkan pada percobaan kedua penurunan tekanan yang terjadi meningkat ketika aliran fluida diberikan microbubble.

---

Electrolytic Microbubble Generator is known as one of many techniques to develop bubbles in microscale with respect to basic principal of electrolysist. Hydrogen and Oxygen is generated from the separation of water.An indepth study of the technique is been used for recent years to study microbubble on drag reduction. The first experiment is conducted to find out the characteristic of microbubble from electrolysist. Sets of variable is given such as limited diameter of electrodes from 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm and DC voltage from 5 V, 10 V, 15 V and 20 V.

These sets of variable is given to draw its relationship to characterized the bubbles from its diameter and debit. Second experiment is conducted to observe microbubble phenomenon in a flowing fluid of a circular pipe. The electrode was extended 1 meter along 1 inchi diameter of an acrylic pipe to observed its pressure drop with or without microbubble.

Microbubble is well produced during the whole experiment and the method is pretty easy to conduct. It is stated from the experiment that there is a linear relationship neither between voltage and microbubble diameter nor its debit. On the second experiment, microbubble increase the pressure drop along the pipe."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian karakteristik sudut aliran udara pada performa generator microbubble dengan tabung silinder telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh parameter sudut aliran udara terhadap bubble yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan water loop system yang terdiri dari kolam pengamatan, kotak pengamatan, pompa, flowmeter, valve dan test section. Test section adalah generator microbubble jenis tabung silinder dengan bola. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 3 jenis generator microbubble dengan variasi sudut aliran udara yang dilakukan pada berbagai variasi debit air, debit udara dan ketinggian air. Parameter yang diujikan secara signifikan memberi pengaruh terhadap jumlah dan ukuran bubble. Semakin besar debit udara maka ukuran bubble yang dihasilkan semakin besar, sedangkan jika debit air meningkat maka semakin banyak microbubble yang dihasilkan. Pengaruh sudut aliran udara pada generator microbubble signifikan. Generator microbubble dengan sudut aliran 45? menghasilkan bubble dengan ukuran lebih besar dibandingkan dengan generator microbubble direct. Generator microbubble dengan sudut aliran 90? tidak dapat menghisap udara lebih 0.1 lpm sehingga tidak efisien dalam menghasilkan bubble. Penelitian ini dapat simpulkan bahwa generator microbubble mampu menghasilkan microbubble. Populasi serta ukuran microbubble sensitif terhadap sudut aliran udara. Microbubble generator dengan sudut udara langsung menghasilkan microbubble yang lebih banyak.

---

ABSTRACTResearch about characteristic of microbubble generator sphericall ball has been carried out. This research aims to study the influence of airflow angle on bubble generated characters. This research use loop water system consist of observation reservoir, box reservoir, pump, flow meters, valves, and test section. Test section is a microbubble generator spherical ball. In this study, there are 3 types of microbubble generator with varies air flow angel that conducted in different varies water flowrate, air flowrate and height of water. The tested parameter significantly influence population and size of bubble. Increasing air flowrate will affect increasing size of bubble, while increasing water flowrate will increase microbubble. Effect of airflow angle in microbubble generator are significant. Microbubble generator with 45 airflow angle produce bigger size of bubble compare to direct microbubble generator. Microbubble generator with 90 air flow angle can rsquo t suction the air more than 0.1 lpm so inefficient to produce bubble. From this study it is concluded that microbubble generator capable produce microbubble. Population and size of bubble affected by airflow angle. Microbubble generator with airflow angle direct produce more microbubble than 45 and 90 airflow angle."

"

Permasalahan limbah cair perkantoran merupakan masalah yang mengkhawatirkan, terutama di wilayah yang memiliki kegiatan perindustrian dan perkantoran yang sibuk di perkotaan besar seperti Jakarta. Hal ini diperkuat dengan fakta bahwa sebagian besar kota-kota besar di Indonesia juga belum memiliki sarana pengelolaan air limbah domestik yang mampu mengelola seluruh limbahnya dengan baik, sedangkan kebutuhan air bersih semakin meningkat sejalan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk dan peningkatan taraf hidup yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini akan membahas suatu metode pengolahan air limbah yang lebih murah dan sederhana, yaitu dengan metode glow discharge dengan menggunakan dua elektroda bertegangan tinggi. Selain itu dibahas pula reaksi kimia plasma dan pembentukkan beberapa senyawa yang aktif secara kimia, seperti H₂O₂, O, OH, H O₃, N₂, O₂^-, O^-, O₂, dll, yang diproduksi dalam fenomena pelepasan listrik (electrical discharge). Sebagian besar senyawa tersebut merupakan oksidator yang lebih kuat daripada ozon sehingga pengolahan air dengan metode pelepasan listrik secara langsung dapat menjadi sarana untuk pemanfaatan senyawa ini selain pemanfaatan ozon dalam reaksi oksidasi. Tinjauan teknis dalam metode ini akan dibahas dalam tulisan. Secara khusus, akan digunakan suatu sumber arus searah yang akan ditingkatkan level tegangannya hingga mencapai suatu tegangan yang optimal dalam pembentukan lucutan pijar (glow discharge), dengan memanfaatkan rangkaian Zero-Voltage Switching dan transformator flyback sebagai komponen penaik tegangan arus searah. Hasil dari percobaan pembangkitan plasma menunjukan adanya suatu lucutan bertegangan tinggi yang ditimbulkan dari elektroda tembaga yang selanjutnya dapat diaplikasikan sebagai sumber kontak langsung terhadap reaksi oksidasi di dalam reaktor pengolahan air.

 

---

The problem of wastewater is a worrying problem, especially in areas that have busy industrial and office activities in large cities such as Jakarta. This is reinforced by the fact that most major cities in Indonesia also do not have domestic wastewater management facilities that are able to manage all of their waste properly, while the need for clean water is increasing in line with population growth and improved living standards. This study will discuss a cheaper and simpler method of wastewater treatment, namely the glow discharge method using two high-voltage electrodes. In addition, plasma chemistry reactions are discussed and the formation of several chemically active compounds, such as H₂O₂, O, OH, HO₃, N₂, O₂^-, O^-, O₂, etc., which are produced in the phenomenon of electrical discharge. Most of these compounds are oxidizers that are stronger than ozone so that water treatment with a direct method of electricity release can be a means of utilizing these compounds in addition to the use of ozone in oxidation reactions. The technical review in this method will be discussed. In particular, a direct current source will be used which will increase its voltage level to achieve an optimal voltage in the formation of glow discharge, by utilizing a Zero-Voltage Switching and flyback transformer as a direct current voltage enhancing component. The results of the plasma generation experiments show that there is a high voltage discharge generated from copper electrodes which can then be applied as a direct source of contact with the oxidation reaction in the water treatment reactor.

 

"

"Penelitian mengenai karakteristik aliran fluida pada Micro Bubble generator tipe Spherical Ball in Flowing Water Tube telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami variabel-variabel penurunan tekanan (pressure drop), debit aliran fluida cair, debit aliran fuida gas yang terhisap serta hubungannya dengan ukuran bubble yang terbentuk. Set up alat penelitian berupa water loop dengan bubble generator berbentuk pipa berdiameter 28 mm yang telah dipasangi bola berdiameter 26 mm ditengah saluran pipa tersebut. Setelah percobaan dilakukan, hasil yang didapatkan adalah kenaikan debit air sebanding dengan besarnya jatuh tekanan antara daerah up stream dengan daerah down stream, dan sebanding pula dengan kenaikan debit udara (gas) yang terhisap.

---

Research about characteristic of fluid flow at Micro Bubble generator type of Spherical Ball in Flowing Water Tube have been done.

Intention of this research is to comprehend the variable of pressure degradation (pressure drop), charge the liquid fluid flow, charge the gas fluid sipped and also its relation with the size of bubble formed.

Set the up of research appliance in the form of water loop by turbular bubble generator have diameter 28 mm which have been attached by the ball have diameter 26 mm in the middle of the channel.

After attempt is already done, the result is increase charge of water is proportional with the level of pressure drop between up stream area and down stream area, and proportional also with the increase charge of the sipped gas."