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"This SpringerBrief investigates and reviews the development and various applications of mobile crowd sensing (MCS). With the miniaturization of sensors and the popularity of smart mobile devices, MCS becomes a promising solution to efficiently collect different types of information, such as traffic conditions, air quality, temperature and more, which is covered in this brief. The features, novelty, and applications of MCS are elaborated in detail in this brief. In addition, the basic knowledge about auction theory and incentive mechanism design is introduced.Incentive mechanism design plays a key role in the success of MCS. With an efficient incentive mechanism, it is possible to attract enough mobile users to participate in a MCS system, thus enough high quality sensing data can be collected. Two types of incentive mechanisms with different system models are introduced in this brief. One is the reputation-aware incentive mechanism, and another is the social-aware incentive mechanism.This SpringerBrief covers the significance and the impacts of both reputation and social relationship of smartphone users (SUs) in MCS and presents extensive simulation results to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed incentive mechanisms compared with some existing counterparts.The target audience for this SpringerBrief is researchers and engineers in the area of wireless communication and networking, especially those who are interested in the mobile crowd sensing or incentive mechanism design. Meanwhile, it is also intended as a reference guide for advanced level students in the area of wireless communications and computer networks."

"This book reviews the challenges of all-optical and wireless networks for the future Internet, with a focus on cross-layer design and optimization. Features : presents a thorough introduction to major networking modes and their effect on Internet development; proposes a new structure favorable for all-optical packet switching, discusses a new quality of service (QoS) provisioning approach, which overcomes the scalability problem of IntServ and the coarse QoS granularity of DiffServ, describes the end-to-end arguments in Internet design, before investigating a solution to congestion control problems in multi-hop wireless and all-optical networks, examines how to exploit multiple-input-multiple-output technology to improve network performance in centralized wireless networks, surveys green networking strategies from a quantitative perspective, suggests a strategic vision for possible developments of network technology for the future Internet."

"ABSTRAKTingginya pertumbuhan traffic data serta munculnya fitur dan teknologi terbaru seperti internet of thing IoT , mendesak munculnya teknologi komunikasi seluler generasi kelima 5G . Channel coding memiliki peran penting untuk mendukung tiga skenario 5G, yaitu Enhanced Mobile Broadband eMBB , Massive Machine Type Communications mMTC dan Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication URLLC . Ada tiga kandidat channel coding yang berpotensi untuk memenuhi standar teknologi 5G, seperti yang diidentifikasi oleh 3GPP, yaitu turbo code, low density parity check LDPC code dan polar code.Penelitian ini mensimulasikan dan membandingkan kinerja polar code dan LDPC code berdasarkan parameter yang sesuai dengan skenario mMTC. Evaluasi teknis dilakukan dengan menilai BLER / BER dan coding gain untuk block length yang rendah dengan modulasi QPSK. Hasilnya menandakan bahwa polar code SCL decoder memiliki performa paling unggul dengan nilai coding gain 8.3 dB - 10 dB. Selain itu, polar code SCL decoder juga memiliki nilai Eb/N0 yang lebih kecil dengan perbedaan 1 dB - 3 dB dibanding skema pengkodean lainnya untuk mendapatkan BLER 0.0001. Namun jika ditinjau dari kompleksitas dan waktu decoding, polar code SC decoder mengungguli skema pengkodean lainnya dengan kompleksitas O n log n dan waktu decoding 0.005 s untuk block length 64 bit serta 0.029 s untuk block length 512 bit.

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ABSTRAKNew features and technologies such as internet of things IoT , has encouraged the development of fifth generation mobile communications technology 5G . Channel coding has an important role to support the three 5G scenarios, i.e. Enhanced Mobile Broadband eMBB , Massive Machine Type Communications mMTC and Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications URLLC . There are three potential candidates for the 5G technology standard, as identified by 3GPP, which is turbo code, low density parity check LDPC code and polar code.This research simulates and compares the performance of polar code and LDPC code based on parameters that match the URLLC and mMTC scenarios. The technical evaluation is conducted by assessing BLER BER and coding gain for short block length with QPSK modulation. The result signified that polar code SCL decoder has the best performance with coding gain 8.3 dB 10 dB. In addition, the polar code SCL decoder also has a smaller Eb N0 with a difference of 1 dB 3 dB compared to other coding schemes to get BLER 0.0001. However, in terms of complexity and decoding time, the polar code SC decoder outperforms other coding schemes with complexity of O n log n and decoding time 0.005s for 64 bit block length and 0.029s for 512 bit block length."

"This monograph develops a framework for modeling and solving utility maximization problems in nonconvex wireless systems. The first part develops a model for utility optimization in wireless systems. The model is general enough to encompass a wide array of system configurations and performance objectives. Based on the general model, a set of methods for solving utility maximization problems is developed in the second part of the book. The development is based on a careful examination of the properties that are required for the application of each method. This part focuses on problems whose initial formulation does not allow for a solution by standard methods and discusses alternative approaches. The last part presents two case studies to demonstrate the application of the proposed framework. In both cases, utility maximization in multi-antenna broadcast channels is investigated."

"The Handbook of Antenna Technologies aims to present the rapid development of antenna technologies, particularly in the past two decades, and also showcasing the newly developed technologies and the latest applications. The handbook will provide readers with the comprehensive updated reference information covering theory, modeling and optimization methods, design and measurement, new electromagnetic materials, and applications of antennas. The handbook will widely cover not only all key antenna design issues but also fundamentals, issues related to antennas (transmission, propagation, feeding structure, materials, fabrication, measurement, system, and unique design challenges in specific applications). This handbook will benefit the readers as a full and quick technical reference with a high-level historic review of technology, detailed technical descriptions and the latest practical applications."

"This SpringerBrief introduces the basics of wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs). In particular, the background and concept of WPCNs are briefly discussed. Moreover, this brief provides an extensive study of the recent developments in this area from an optimization perspective. Wireless powered communication network (WPCN) is a new network paradigm for IoT, where wireless devices (WDs) are powered by radio frequency (RF) based wireless power transfer (WPT) to eliminate the need for recharging or replacing the batteries manually and to prolong their lifetime.In this context, the brief also discusses some optimization problems for state-of-the-art scenarios of wireless powered communication networks.The target audiences for this SpringerBrief are researchers, engineers, and undergraduate and graduate-level students, who are studying or working in wireless powered communication networks and its performance optimization."

"LoRa (Long Range) merupakan sebuah teknologi komunikasi nirkabel yang dirancang khusus untuk mendukung komunikasi jarak jauh dengan konsumsi daya yang rendah. LoRa menggunakan modulasi chirp spread spectrum, yang memungkinkan transmisi data dalam frekuensi radio yang rendah dengan daya pancar yang efisien. Keunggulan utama dari teknologi ini terletak pada jangkauan komunikasi yang jauh, mencapai beberapa hingga puluhan kilometer. Hal ini membuat LoRa sangat cocok untuk digunakan pada Internet of Things (IoT). Akan tetapi, di samping kelebihan-kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh LoRa, teknologi ini juga memiliki kelemahan. Beberapa di antaranya adalah data rate yang terbatas, kemungkinan terjadinya interference, dan rawan data collision. Salah satu yang paling utama untuk diatasi adalah masalah kemungkinan tabrakan data (collision). Masalah ini dapat terjadi apabila dalam satu waktu yang sama, terdapat beberapa node yang ingin mengirimkan data kepada gateway. Apabila situasi ini terjadi, akan ada sejumlah packet yang tidak terkirim dan hilang. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, algoritma ADR (Adaptive Data Rate) dan Randomized Backoff dapat digunakan. Pengujian penerapan kedua algoritma tersebut dilakukan pada sebuah Smart Environmental Monitoring System untuk mengetahui kemampuannya ketika diimplementasikan pada sebuah jaringan LoRa multinode. Dalam pengujian yang dilakukan dengan tambahan variasi algoritma TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) dan CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access), algoritma komunikasi Randomized Backoff menghasilkan persentase keberhasilan pengiriman data lebih dari 90% dan jumlah packet terkirim lebih dari 3.000 kali untuk ketiga node sensor yang membuatnya menjadi algoritma yang terbaik dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, nilai Signal-to-Noise Ratio dan Received Signal Strength Indicator yang dihasilkan juga baik dengan hasil packet loss dan data corruption yang sedikit.

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LoRa (Long Range) is a wireless communication technology specifically designed to support long distance communications with low power consumption. LoRa uses chirp spread spectrum modulation, which allows data transmission in low radio frequencies with efficient transmit power. The main advantage of this technology lies in its long communication range, reaching several to tens of kilometers. This makes LoRa very suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) usage. However, apart from LoRa's advantages, this technology also has weaknesses. Some of the examples are limited data rates, the possibility of interference, and prone to data collisions. One of the most important things to overcome is the problem of possible data collisions. This problem can occur if at the same time, several nodes want to send data to the gateway. If this situation occurs, there will be a number of data that is not sent and lost. To overcome this problem, the ADR (Adaptive Data Rate) and Randomized Backoff algorithms can be used. The testing of the implementation of these two algorithms was carried out on a Smart Environmental Monitoring System to determine its capabilities when implemented on a multinode LoRa network. In the tests carried out with additional variations of the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) algorithms, the Randomized Backoff communication algorithm produced a successful percentage of data delivery of more than 90% and the number of packets sent more than 3.000 times for all three sensor nodes used, making it the best algorithm in this research. Moreover, the resulting Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Received Signal Strength Indicator values are also good with minimal packet loss and data corruption."

"This book is a collection of papers from international experts presented at International Conference on NextGen Electronic Technologies (ICNETS2-2016). ICNETS2 encompassed six symposia covering all aspects of electronics and communications domains, including relevant nano/micro materials and devices. Presenting recent research on wireless communication networks and Internet of Things, the book will prove useful to researchers, professionals and students working in the core areas of electronics and their applications, especially in signal processing, embedded systems and networking."

"Implementasi layanan 3G di Indonesia memerlukan sebuah jaminan kualitas layanan bagi para pelanggannya yang di dalam istilah telekomunikasi biasa dikenal dengan sebutan QoS (Quality of Service). Salah satu cara pengukuran Nilai QoS adalah drive test, yaitu sebuah metode pengukuran trafik yang dilakukan dari satu wilayah ke wilayah lain dengan cara berpindah tempat atau mobile baik menggunakan kendaraan atau berjalan kaki. Drive test ini dianggap dapat mewakili data QoS dari sisi pelanggan. Wilayah pengukuran drive test yang dipilih adalah wilayah DKI Jakarta sebagai daerah utama implementasi layanan jaringan 3G dan dikhususkan pada daerah segitiga emas untuk jaringan 3G Telkomsel. Hasil pengukuran drive test tersebut kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode DOE (Design of Experiments) untuk desain Two-Factor fixed Effect Model. DOE ini mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengolah sedikit data untuk menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan yang sah dan objektif. Keluaran dari penghitungan DOE adalah uji nilai QoS. Dengan mengacu kepada parameter QoS yang telah ditetapkan oleh 3GPP, maka proses selanjutnya adalah membandingkan antara hasil analisa DOE untuk pengukuran QoS wilayah DKI Jakarta dengan QoS Standar operator. Hasil perbandingan tersebut menggambarkan tingkat baik atau buruknya QoS 3G Telkomsel wilayah DKI Jakarta. Dan dengan menggunakan DOE, hasil yang diperoleh lebih akurat walaupun menggunakan jumlah sampel yang lebih sedikit.

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3G services in Indonesia need a quality guarantee for its customers. The guarantee of quality in telecommunication network is known by QoS (Quality of Service). One of methods to measure QoS value on user side is a drive test. Drive test is a traffic measurement method where data is collected by mobile activities, i.e. driving or walking from one area to other area. Before collecting the data, first of all we have to determine specific area and network to be measured. In this writing DKI Jakarta has been chosen as measurement area since it is a major area for 3G implementation. For the measured network, Telkomsel 3G network has been chosen. The next step is to analize drive test data using DOE (Design of Experiments) method for Two-Fixed Effect Model. DOE is capable to analyze a few experiments to produce a valid and an objective result. DOE output is a QoS verification where the final process is taken by comparing QoS measurement in DKI Jakarta with operator standard. The result of this experiment is a QoS 3G level in DKI Jakarta. Even using a few data, the DOE output is more acurate than output of reguler process."