Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"The geomagnetic fields in the atmosphere can be affected by phenomena in the Earth, so that changes of geomagnetic intensity might be used as an indicator of earthquake occurrences. Variations of geomagnetic data have been analyzed in association with the Tohoku Earthquake on March 11th 2011. The Geomagnetic data have been derived from Memambetsu (MMB), Kakioka (KAK) and Kanoya (KNY) Observatories, which are INTERMAGNET observatories. The analysis was performed by calculating the power spectral density (psd) of the ULF signal of Z and H components and then polarizations are observed by comparing the psd of Z and of H. The results showed the difference psd of Z and of H between the KAK observatory (the nearest position to the epicenter) with MMB and KNY (at some greater distance from the epicenter) is quite significant, which can be observed over a period of 10 days before the earthquake occurrence. The polarizations of Z/H in KAK indicate a highest change of intensity which occurred at 18 days prior to the earthquake."

"Wilayah perairan Indonesia, termasuk perairan Gresik, Provinsi Jawa Timur menjadi jalur lalu lintas pelayaran yang kerap padat akan banyak kapal. Hal ini akan membawa keuntungan tersendiri, karena pelabuhan di sekitar Gresik akan berkembang perekonomiannya. Namun, disamping dampak baik tersebut, ada dampak buruk yang nampaknya lebih sering didapat. Dimulai dari sikap ketidakpedulian para pengguna laut dalam berlayar, bermanuver dan berlabuh jangkar sehingga membuat utilitas bawah laut seperti pipa yang mengangkut gas akan rusak bahkan dapat menyebabkan kebocoran, ledakan dan kebakaran. Maka, perlu adanya validasi kembali area mana saja yang terdapat utilitas menggunakan metode yang cocok seperti metode magnetik karena pipa bawah laut berbahan logam akan sensitif dengan medan magnet. Hasil pengolahan data magnetik menunjukkan pipa bawah laut berada vertikal dari Utara ke Selatan daerah penelitian dengan nilai anomali magnetik tinggi sekitar 7.2 hingga 24.5 nT. Kemudian penampang 2D menampilkan model pipa bawah laut dengan baik karena nilai error nya kecil. Pipa tersebut memiliki rentang nilai kontras suseptibilitas dari 0.6 – 1. Untuk mengetahui nilai kedalamannya, data Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) dan Peta Laut Indonesia (PLI) nomor 96A digunakan sebagai data pendukung karena data magnetik tidak memiliki data altitude. Berdasarkan PLI kedalaman batimetri sekitar 9.1 – 10.6 meter. Berdasarkan data SBES, kedalaman batimetri memiliki range dari 9.18 – 0.5 meter. Sehingga estimasi kedalaman pipa bawah laut sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Pertambangan dan Energi nomor 300K/38/M.PE/1997 tentang Keselamatan Kerja Pipa Penyalur Minyak dan Gas Bumi yaitu 9 hingga 12 meter dibawah permukaan laut. Zona yang aman untuk kapal berlayar dan melabuhkan jangkar sendiri berada pada jarak lebih dari 500 meter dari posisi pipa dan instalasi lainnya yang dapat dilihat di PLI. PLI sendiri harus digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam berlayar agar meminimalisir kecelakaan pelayaran.

---

Indonesian territorial waters, including Gresik, East Java Province, become shipping traffic lanes that are often congested with many ships. This will bring its advantages because the port around Gresik will develop its economy. However, in addition to these good effects, there are harmful effects that seem more common. Starting from the indifference of sea users in sailing, maneuvering, and anchoring so that underwater utilities such as pipelines that transport gas will be damaged and can even cause leaks, explosions, and fires. So, it is necessary to re-validate any area with utility using a suitable method such as the magnetic method because metal subsea pipelines will be sensitive to magnets. The results of magnetic processing show that the subsea pipeline is vertical from North to South of the study area with a high magnetic anomaly value of around 7.2 to 24.5 nT. Then the 2D cross-section displays the underwater pipe model well because the error value is small. The pipe has a susceptibility contrast value ranging from 0.6 – 1. For depth value, Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) and Indonesian Sea Map (PLI) number 96A are used as supporting data because magnetic data does not have altitude data. Based on PLI, the bathymetry depth is around 9.1 – 10.6 meters. Based on SBES data, the bathymetry depth ranges from 9.18 – 0.5 meters. The estimated depth of the subsea pipeline is in accordance with the Minister of Mines and Energy's Decree of 300K/38/M.PE/1997 concerning the Safety of Oil and Gas Distribution Pipelines, which is 9 to 12 meters below sea level. The safe zone for ships sailing and anchoring themselves is at a distance of more than 500 meters from the pipes and other installations seen in PLI. PLI itself must be used as a guide in sailing in order to minimize shipping accidents."

"Pulau Jawa berada di dekat zona subduksi Lempeng Eurasia dan Indo-Australia, yang menyebabkan terbentuknya patahan-patahan di daratan. Salah satu daerah yang terdampak adalah Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Prediksi gempabumi penting untuk meminimalisir kerusakan. Analisis aktivitas anomali geomagnetik Ultra-low Frequency (ULF) sebelum gempabumi dilakukan di sekitar stasiun geomagnetik TJS Sumedang menggunakan metode Polarization Ratio Analysis (PRA). Metode ini membandingkan nilai medan magnetik komponen vertikal terhadap horizontal (SZ/SG) berbasis Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) untuk mendeteksi anomali geomagnetik ULF (0.01 Hz - 0.04 Hz). Frekuensi ini dipilih karena mudah merambat ke permukaan, memungkinkan deteksi anomali yang jelas. Tiga gempabumi tahun 2020-2021 dengan magnitudo (M) ≥ 5 dan jarak episenter (R) ≤ 150 km (10 Maret 2020, M5; 25 Oktober 2020, M5.4; dan 27 April 2021, M5) dianalisis. Data geomagnetik malam hari komponen X, Y, dan Z dipilih untuk mengurangi noise. Hasil menunjukkan frekuensi 0.01 Hz - 0.04 Hz optimal mendeteksi prekursor gempa pada 27 April 2021. Anomali geomagnetik ULF tidak berkaitan dengan badai geomagnetik, dibuktikan dengan nilai indeks Dst (Disturbance storm time) yang tidak melebihi ambang batas.

---

Java Island is adjacent to the subduction zone of the Eurasian and Indo-Australian Plates, causing the formation of several faults on land. From the formation of faults that can be caused by earthquakes, there are areas that are affected, one of which is Sumedang Regency, West Java. Earthquake prediction efforts are very important to minimize the damage that will occur. Ultra-low Frequency (ULF) geomagnetic anomaly activity was analyzed before the earthquake around the TJS Sumedang geomagnetic station using the Polarization Ratio Analysis (PRA) method, which compares the magnetic field value of the vertical component to the horizontal component (SZ/SG) based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which is used to convert data from the time domain into the frequency domain to see ULF scale geomagnetic anomaly activity from 0.01 Hz - 0.04 Hz because this frequency wave easily propagates to the surface, allowing clear anomaly detection. Three earthquakes in 2020-2021 taken at magnitude (M) ≥ 5 and earthquake epicenter (R) ≤ 150 km (EQ1 with M5 on March 10, 2020, EQ2 with M5.4 on October 25, 2020, and EQ3 with M5 on April 27, 2021) in the vicinity of the TJS Sumedang geomagnetic station were selected because the larger the M and the closer the R of the earthquake can strengthen the geomagnetic anomaly readings. Nighttime geomagnetic data of X, Y, and Z components were selected to reduce noise or human activity. The results showed that the frequency of 0.01 Hz - 0.04 Hz was optimal for detecting possible precursors of the M5 earthquake on April 27, 2021 (EQ1), and the ULF geomagnetic anomaly in this study was not related to geomagnetic storms, which was obtained from the Dst (Disturbance storm time) index value which did not exceed the threshold line."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perubahan tutupan lahan terhadap perubahan debit banjir di Sub-DAS Cisangkuy, dengan fokus pada debit banjir di outlet hilir, yaitu Kelurahan Andir, selama periode 2010- 2022. Model hidrologi HEC-HMS digunakan untuk memodelkan debit banjir dengan mengintegrasikan faktorfaktor hidrologi seperti curah hujan dan periode ulangnya (2, 5, 10, dan 25 tahun). Selain itu, dilakukan identifikasi pola perubahan tutupan lahan dan perhitungan perubahan nilai curve number yang berdampak pada perubahan debit banjir. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis komparatif deskriptif dan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan debit banjir pada tahun 2010-2014, namun pada tahun 2014- 2018 dan 2018-2022 terjadi penurunan debit banjir. Perubahan debit banjir ini diiringi dengan kenaikan dan penurunan nilai kurva aliran, dengan perubahan tutupan lahan yang menjadi faktor penting dalam mempengaruhi perubahan debit banjir di Sub-DAS Cisangkuy.

---

This study aims to analyze the influence of land cover change on changes in flood discharge in the Cisangkuy Sub-watershed, with a focus on flood discharge at the downstream outlet, namely Andir Village, during the period 2010-2022. The HEC-HMS hydrological model was used to model flood discharge by integrating hydrological factors such as rainfall and its return period (2, 5, 10, and 25 years). In addition, identification of land cover change patterns and calculation of changes in curve number values that have an impact on changes in flood discharge were conducted. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive comparative analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed an increase in flood discharge in 2010-2014, but in 2014-2018 and 2018- 2022 there was a decrease in flood discharge. This change in flood discharge is accompanied by an increase and decrease in the value of the flow curve, with changes in land cover being an important factor in influencing changes in flood discharge in the Cisangkuy Sub-watershed."

"The report summarizes damage associated with ground failures including landslide and liquefaction as well as non-structural damages such as to equipment and facilities, partitioning walls and ceilings, and functional failures in skyscrapers. Also brief description of the Japanese seismic design code will be provided in the Appendix. A proposed scheme of anti-tsunami design for buildings is also included. "

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini bertujuan untuk membantah pembagian adanya dua Wittgenstein karena TLP dan PI sama- sama menggunakan bahasa fenomenalis. Menurut John W. Cook, Ludwig Wittgenstein adalah filsuf yang paling banyak disalahpahami di abad ke-20 karena tidak dipahaminya neutral monism yang menjadi asumsi fundamental dalam seluruh pekerjaannya yang membuatnya menerapkan bahasa fenomenalis. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (TLP) dan Philosophical Investigation (PI) adalah karya yang paling monumental dari Ludwig Wittgenstein. TLP disebut Wittgenstein I karena berisi prosedur logika simbolik yang ketat, yang disebut picture theory ; dan PI sebagai Wittgenstein II karena berisi cara kerja bahasa, yang disebut language game atau permainan bahasa. Keduanya kemudian dipahami sebagai karya yang bertentangan. Untuk sampai ke tujuan tersebut, terlebih dahulu dipaparkan mengenai 2 kesalahan utama dalam membaca TLP : (1) memahami picture theory menyalin realitas secara denotatif, dan (2) memahami TLP berusaha untuk mengganti bahasa sehari-hari dengan logika ; dan 2 kesalahan utama dalam membaca PI : (1) memahami tidak lagi terdapat pembahasan logika di PI, dan (2) memahami PI sebagai legitimasi relativitas bahasa dan budaya. Penulis menemukan bahwa TLP dan PI tidak dapat dipertentangkan karena keduanya memiliki asumsi filosofis yang sama yaitu penggunaan bahasa fenomenalis. Menggunakan metode analisis kritis, teks TLP dan PI dianalisis secara kritis dan rinci untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana keduanya memiliki cara kerja yang sama. Elaborasi kritis juga dilakukan untuk memperlihatkan relasi temuan penulis dengan temuan dalam penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya mengenai Wittgenstein.

---

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to refute the division of the two Wittgenstein because TLP and PI are both using phenomenal language. According to John W. Cook, Ludwig Wittgenstein was the most misunderstood philosopher of the 20th century because neutral monism which was a fundamental assumption in all his work that made him apply phenomenal language is can not be understood. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (TLP) and Philosophical Investigation (PI) are the most monumental works of Ludwig Wittgenstein. TLP is called Wittgenstein I because it contains strict symbolic logic procedures, called picture theory ; and PI as Wittgenstein II because it contains the workings of language, which is called a language game. Both of them are then understood as contradictory works. To reach aim of this paper,first it is explained about two main errors in reading TLP : (1) understanding picture theory copying reality denotatively, and (2) understanding TLP trying to replace daily language with logic ; and 2 main errors in reading PI : (1) understanding there is no longer any discussion of logic in PI, and (2) understanding PI as the legitimacy of language and cultural relativity. The author finds that TLP and PI cannot be disputed because both have the same philosophical assumption, namely the use of phenomenal language. Using the critical analysis method, TLP and PI texts are analyzed critically and specifically to show how both have the same way of working. Critical elaboration was also carried out to show the relationship of the writers invention with the invention in previous studies concerning about Wittgenstein."

"Pengolahan data magnetik menghasilkan nilai magentik total yang telah dikoreksi oleh koreksi IGRF, Variasi Harian dan Koreksi Drift. Hasil pengolahan data kemudian diplot menjadi kontur anomali magnetik pada software SURFER 9.0. Dari kontur inilah kemudian didapatkan indikasi anomali magnetik pada data pengukuran. Anomali inilah yang nantinya akan dijadikan patokan untuk membuat permodelan. Permodelan menggunakan data magnetik bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan anomali magnetik yang terdapat pada data pengukuran. Anomali magnetik biasanya dipengaruhi oleh hot rock yang berada pada bawah permukaan. Pada penelitian ini, data magnetik yang digunakan adalah data pengukuran magnetik di daerah Arjuna-Welirang. Daerah prospek geothermal Arjuna-Welirang terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Malang, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Pasuruan, dan Kota Batu. Daerah prospek ini berada di lingkungan geologi yang didominasi oleh batuan vulkanik berumur kuarter.

---

Magnetic data processing give a magnetic total value that has been corrected by the correction IGRF, Diurnal Variety and Drift Correction. Then the data processing?s results are plotted into the contours of the magnetic anomalies in the software Surfer 9.0. This contour is then obtained an indication of magnetic anomalies on the measurement data. This is an anomaly that will be used as a benchmark for modeling. Modeling using magnetic data aims to identify magnetic anomalies are present in the measurement data. Magnetic anomalies are usually influenced by the hot rock that is on the bottom surface. In this study, which used magnetic data is the data of magnetic measurements in the Arjuna-Welirang. Geothermal prospect area Arjuna-Welirang located in Malang regency, regency Mojokerto, Pasuruan, and Batu. This prospect area is located in the geological environment which is dominated by old volcanic rocks quarter."

"Anomali Bouguer dalam survey gravitasi merupakan jumlah medan gravitasi yang dihasilkan oleh semua sumber anomali bawah permukaan, yaitu anomali regional dan residual. Anomali regional berasosiasi dengan frekuensi rendah dan anomali residual diidentifikasi dengan frekuensi tinggi yang mengandung informasi mengenai sumber anomali dangkal. Target dalan eksplorasi geofisika pada umumnya struktur-struktur kecil pada kedalaman yang dangkal. Hal inilah menyebabkan pemisahan anomali regional dan residual sangat penting dalam interpretasi data gravitasi. Pemisahan anomali dilakukan dengan variasi metode, yaitu, polynomial trend surface analysis, upward continuation dan lowpass frequency filter. Metode-metode tersebut di aplikasikan menggunakan model sintetik yakni model Syn dan model Intrusi. Hasil dari ketiga metode untuk memisahkan komponen regional dan residual kemudian ditampikan dan dibandingkan. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa anomali regional dan residual yang diasilkan oleh metode polynomial trend surface analysis mempunyai error yang paling minimum diantara kedua metode lain yang digunakan. Rms error anomali regional berturut-turut untuk metode polynomial trend surface analysis, upward continuation and lowpass filter dari model Syn adalah 0,706 mgal, 0,785 mgal, 0,766 mgal and dari model Intrusi yakni 0,410 mgal, 0,451 mgal, 0,540 mgal.

---

Bouguer anomaly in gravity surveys are the sum of gravity fields produced by all underground sources, from residual and regional anomaly. Regional anomaly is identified by low frequency and residual anomaly is identified by high frequency that contains information of shallow sources. The targets for geophysical surveys are often small scale structure buried at shallow depths. That's why regionalresidual field separation is essential in gravity data interpretation. A variety of separation techniques have been proposed, namely, polynomial trend surface analysis, upward continuation and lowpass frequency filter. The proposed methods were tested using variation of synthetic models, that are, Syn and Intrusion 3D models.

Results from three methods to separate residual and regional component are presented, compared and evaluated. The results show regional and residual anomaly produced by polynomial trend surface analysis have minimal error than two other methods. The rms errors of regional anomaly of Syn model are 0.706 mgal, 0.785 mgal, 0.766 mgal and rms errors of regional anomaly of Intrusion model are 0.410 mgal, 0.451 mgal, 0.540 mgal for polynomial trend surface analysis, upward continuation and lowpass filter, respectively."

"Anomali Bouger lengkap merupakan superposisi dari anomali regional dan anomali residual. Anomali regional berasosiasi dengan kondisi geologi umum yang dominan pada daerah penelitian. Hal ini biasanya dicirikan oleh anomali yang berfrekuensi rendah. Sebaliknya, anomali residual umumnya memiliki frekuensi tinggi dan memiliki informasi mengenai sumber anomali dangkal. Studi ini mengaplikasikan filter frekuensi pada data anomali Bouger sintetik. Penggunaan metode filter frekuensi pada harga tertentu diharapkan dapat menghasilkan anomali regional dan residual yang tepat. Studi ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengkorelasikan hubungan antara variasi grid spasi dengan kedalaman benda anomali serta korelasi antara kedalaman anomali dengan besar lebar jendela N. Penggunaan grid spasi yang sembarang kemungkinan akan menyebabkan benda yang menjadi target pengukuran tidak tercapai. Penulis mengasumsikan penggunaan grid spasi yang tepat dalam proses survei geoteknik maupun geofisika sangat penting. Untuk menguji metoda serta asumsi penulis tersebut, dibuat tiga model sintetik yaitu model geoteknik (50 m), model eksplorasi mineral (500 m), dan model sistem geothermal (6000 m). Pemisahan anomali regional – residual menggunakan lowpass filter frequency menghasilkan anomali regional yang sesuai dengan anomali akibat benda dalam.

---

Complete bouger anomaly is the superposition of regional anomaly and residual anomaly. Regional anomaly is associated with general geological condition that dominat at reasearch area. This is characterized by low frequency anomaly. The opposite, residual anomally generally has high frequency and has informations about the source of residual anomaly. This study applies filter frequency on synthetic bouger anomaly data. The application of filter frequency on certain value is expected to give approximate regional and residual anomaly as the result. The objectives of this study is also to connect variation. The objectives of this study is also to relate the variation in grid spacing and the depth of anomaly object and also to state the relation between the depth of anomaly and the value of the width of window N. Use of an arbitrary grid spacing will likely cause the target measurement object are not reached. The author assumes the proper use of grid spacing in the geotechnic and geophysics surveys is essential. To test the method and the writer’s assumption, 3 synthetics models were made, geothectonic (50 m), mineral exploration model (500 m) and also geothermal system model (6000 m). Separation between residual and regional anomaly using frequency filter (low pass filter frequency) produces regional anomaly fits to subsurface body."