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"The geomagnetic field is a kind of natural potential field in the Earth. A three-year research program for exploration of this field has been conducted in the Lombok Island-Indonesia, where extreme geomagnetic anomalies with two very strong dipolar structures exist. The research aims to construct a system to collect and concentrate geomagnetic fields, in order to possibly use the concentrated fields for geomagnetic power plants or to integrate the system with a field pick-up unit scheme by means of wireless power transfer. The designed geomagnetic concentrator system has been tested in a self-arranged semi-anechoic chamber with a pair of Helmholtz coils, induced with DC currents to simulate the regional ambient static geomagnetic fields. Several tests have proven the performance of the system in one-dimensional space. This paper presents the results of detailed three-dimensional measurements of static magnetic fields in the semi-anechoic chamber. Static magnetic fields over the entire chamber are drawn in their magnitudes and directions, by interpolating data obtained in regular grids of 50cm × 50cm. In specific areas, where the Helmholtz coil is placed, extra grids of 25cm × 25cm are inserted to sharpen the fields’ depictions. Results show that by inducing 1 A current on each of coils will produce magnetic fields, concentrated over the surrounding area of Helmholtz coil. The intensities of magnetic fields over this area are about 15,000?45,000 nT, which can be used to model the geomagnetic fields of Lombok Island. Using the results of 3D field mapping, it will be possible to get the optimum placement of the geomagnetic concentrator system when it is tested on the chamber."

"The main contribution of this article is the mapping of the electric fields in transmission power lines using the Charge Simulation Method (CSM), combined with an embedded system. In this research, a computational routine was written in MATLAB®. The electric field intensity is calculated at a 1 meter height on right-of-way and between towers. The mapping is performed for a space between towers and considers that the maximum arrow of the conductors occurs in the middle of this distance, what provides a computational result where the profile of the electric field can be analyzed. The bundle conductor height varies along the distance between towers in order to improve the values of the calculated field. The results can be seen in different graphics (three-dimensional, bi-dimensional, a slice of the field and others). Charge Simulation Method is a power tool for calculating intensity field of high voltage systems, so this is a motivation for the use of the method. A series of detectors are used to obtain the data of the voltage that is provided to the load. These data are captured by a microcontroller and transmitted to the operational center. Using this data, the measure of the field is possible."

"For this paper, we consider the resulting 3-D inversion using inversion modeling, which is motivated by developing theory and the recent application of the Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) technique in detecting and mapping of subsurface groundwater. MRS is a non-invasive method which directly detects the groundwater’s existence from surface measurements. A pulse current, at a proper frequency, is transmitted into a loop. After hydrogen atoms of water molecules in the subsurface are energized by pulses of alternative currents, the magnetic resonance field is produced by the H protons is measured within the same loop. Generally, MRS has two observable factors: initial amplitude and decay time. The aim of three-dimensional inversion is to extract the information, i.e., the value and distribution of two physical parameters of the subsurface conditions: water content and subsurface properties (pore and grain size). Additionally, we present a general formulation for inverting the initial amplitude and decay time of the MRS data to recover a 3-D distribution of groundwater. The forward problem was solved using an integral equation method in the spatial domain. An improved Levenberg-Marquardt strategy was employed to solve the inverse problem. Two synthetic examples are illustrated to determine the basic functionality of the inversion algorithm. The real data results show applicability and relevance in larger-scale field examples."

"Koefisien difusi merupakan nilai besaran yang menjadi karakterisasi perambatan konsentrasi di antara dua atau lebih zat yang sedang bercampur. Proses difusi memiliki peran penting dalam berbagai aplikasi di bidang kimia, industri, serta dalam kontrol polusi. Metode Wiener’s digunakan untuk memperoleh koefisien difusi larutan karena metode ini dianggap paling efektif dan akurat. Metode ini dipadukan dengan image processing menggunakan Python 3.9 untuk memperoleh nilai koefisien difusi dengan cepat dan akurat. Variasi medan magnet diberikan untuk mengetahui repon sistem, didapat pada larutan dengan kandungan unsur logam didalamnya akan terjadi surface plasmon resonance yang akan mengurangi koefisien difusi larutan-larutan tersebut. Menggunakan sistem ini didapat besar DNaCl-Akuades,DNaCl-Nanogold dan DNaCl-SBF dengan R^2 >= 0.95 Berdasarkan nilai tersebut diperoleh deteksi tepi Sobel lebih baik dari Canny.

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.The difusion coefficient is a quantity that characterizes the concentration propagation between two or more substances that are mixed. Difusion processes have an important role in a wide range of applications in chemistry, industry, and pollution control. The Wiener experiment Setup method is used to obtain the diffusion coefficient of the solution because this method is considered the most effective and accurate. This method is combined with image processing using Python 3.9 to obtain the value of the difusion coefficient fast and accurately. The variation of the magnetic field given to determine the response system, obtained in a solution containing metal elements where in it will occur surface plasmon resonance which will reduce the difusion coefficient of these solutions. Using this system, we get DNaCl-Akuades,DNaCl-Nanogold and DNaCl-SBF are obtained with a value of R^2 >= 0.95. Based on this value, the Sobel edge detection is better than Canny."

"Interplanetary structures are important for the development of geomagnetic disturbance. The structures include intense north-southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field, the shock, solar wind density and velocity, and probably the magnetic cloud. We studied five events of magnetic clouds which occurred in the minimum phase of solar activity in order to understand solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. The correlations between storm intensity and the different solar wind parameters will also be presented as well. By analyzing five magnetic clouds occurred in 2006 and the associated geomagnetic enhancement, we found that not all magnetic clouds lead to geomagnetic disturbances. "

"Pengukuran geomagnet menggunakan magnetometer landas bumi sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal, karena itu diperlukan suatu metode untuk memisahkan anomali akibat gangguan internal yang berasal dari dalam bumi atau eksternal. Dalam paper ini digunakan metode polarisasi (Z/H) dengan perbandingan 2 stasiun. Dengan membandingkan 2 stasiun itu diharapkan akan mengeliminir anomali yang berasal dari faktor eksternal. Pemilihan stasiun pembanding dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi seismisitas sekitar stasiun dan banyaknya data yang sudah terekam sehingga bisa diketahui karakteristiknya. Selain itu filter yang digunakan juga masih dibagi 3 rentang periode, yaitu 10 â?? 45 detik, 45-150 detik dan 150-600 detik sehingga kita dapat melihat pada rentang periode mana prekursor lebih mudah dikenali. Berdasarkan studi kasus ini, disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan rentang periode filter lebih berpengaruh pada fluktuasi trend polarisasi dibandingkan dengan pada waktu terjadinya prekursor."

"Dalam kegiatan perhitungan indeks K dikenal adanya 2 metode bergantung jenis/tipe magnetometernya yaitu metode komputerisasi untuk jenis/tipe magnetometer digital, contohnya di stasiun Biak dan metode handscale untuk jenis/tipe magnetometer manual, contohnya di stasiun Tangerang. Dalam makalah mi dilakukan studi perbandingan distribusi harga indeks K antara stasiun Biak dengan Tangerang menggunakan data sepanjang tahun 1993-1998. Dan analisis data diperoleh bahwa di stasiun Biak, distribusi indeks K untuk nilai K < 2 lebih dominan. Sebaliknya di stasiun Tangerang, distribusi indeks K untuk nilai K> 2 lebih dominan. Selain itu, amplitudo indeks K di stasiun Tangerang relatif lebih besar daripada di stasiun Biak. Dan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa pola distribusi indeks K antara stasiun Biak dan Tangerang sedikit berbeda diduga karena adanya perbedaan metode dalam perhitungan indeks K."

"Wilayah perairan Indonesia, termasuk perairan Gresik, Provinsi Jawa Timur menjadi jalur lalu lintas pelayaran yang kerap padat akan banyak kapal. Hal ini akan membawa keuntungan tersendiri, karena pelabuhan di sekitar Gresik akan berkembang perekonomiannya. Namun, disamping dampak baik tersebut, ada dampak buruk yang nampaknya lebih sering didapat. Dimulai dari sikap ketidakpedulian para pengguna laut dalam berlayar, bermanuver dan berlabuh jangkar sehingga membuat utilitas bawah laut seperti pipa yang mengangkut gas akan rusak bahkan dapat menyebabkan kebocoran, ledakan dan kebakaran. Maka, perlu adanya validasi kembali area mana saja yang terdapat utilitas menggunakan metode yang cocok seperti metode magnetik karena pipa bawah laut berbahan logam akan sensitif dengan medan magnet. Hasil pengolahan data magnetik menunjukkan pipa bawah laut berada vertikal dari Utara ke Selatan daerah penelitian dengan nilai anomali magnetik tinggi sekitar 7.2 hingga 24.5 nT. Kemudian penampang 2D menampilkan model pipa bawah laut dengan baik karena nilai error nya kecil. Pipa tersebut memiliki rentang nilai kontras suseptibilitas dari 0.6 – 1. Untuk mengetahui nilai kedalamannya, data Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) dan Peta Laut Indonesia (PLI) nomor 96A digunakan sebagai data pendukung karena data magnetik tidak memiliki data altitude. Berdasarkan PLI kedalaman batimetri sekitar 9.1 – 10.6 meter. Berdasarkan data SBES, kedalaman batimetri memiliki range dari 9.18 – 0.5 meter. Sehingga estimasi kedalaman pipa bawah laut sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Pertambangan dan Energi nomor 300K/38/M.PE/1997 tentang Keselamatan Kerja Pipa Penyalur Minyak dan Gas Bumi yaitu 9 hingga 12 meter dibawah permukaan laut. Zona yang aman untuk kapal berlayar dan melabuhkan jangkar sendiri berada pada jarak lebih dari 500 meter dari posisi pipa dan instalasi lainnya yang dapat dilihat di PLI. PLI sendiri harus digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam berlayar agar meminimalisir kecelakaan pelayaran.

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Indonesian territorial waters, including Gresik, East Java Province, become shipping traffic lanes that are often congested with many ships. This will bring its advantages because the port around Gresik will develop its economy. However, in addition to these good effects, there are harmful effects that seem more common. Starting from the indifference of sea users in sailing, maneuvering, and anchoring so that underwater utilities such as pipelines that transport gas will be damaged and can even cause leaks, explosions, and fires. So, it is necessary to re-validate any area with utility using a suitable method such as the magnetic method because metal subsea pipelines will be sensitive to magnets. The results of magnetic processing show that the subsea pipeline is vertical from North to South of the study area with a high magnetic anomaly value of around 7.2 to 24.5 nT. Then the 2D cross-section displays the underwater pipe model well because the error value is small. The pipe has a susceptibility contrast value ranging from 0.6 – 1. For depth value, Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) and Indonesian Sea Map (PLI) number 96A are used as supporting data because magnetic data does not have altitude data. Based on PLI, the bathymetry depth is around 9.1 – 10.6 meters. Based on SBES data, the bathymetry depth ranges from 9.18 – 0.5 meters. The estimated depth of the subsea pipeline is in accordance with the Minister of Mines and Energy's Decree of 300K/38/M.PE/1997 concerning the Safety of Oil and Gas Distribution Pipelines, which is 9 to 12 meters below sea level. The safe zone for ships sailing and anchoring themselves is at a distance of more than 500 meters from the pipes and other installations seen in PLI. PLI itself must be used as a guide in sailing in order to minimize shipping accidents."

"The geomagnetic fields in the atmosphere can be affected by phenomena in the Earth, so that changes of geomagnetic intensity might be used as an indicator of earthquake occurrences. Variations of geomagnetic data have been analyzed in association with the Tohoku Earthquake on March 11th 2011. The Geomagnetic data have been derived from Memambetsu (MMB), Kakioka (KAK) and Kanoya (KNY) Observatories, which are INTERMAGNET observatories. The analysis was performed by calculating the power spectral density (psd) of the ULF signal of Z and H components and then polarizations are observed by comparing the psd of Z and of H. The results showed the difference psd of Z and of H between the KAK observatory (the nearest position to the epicenter) with MMB and KNY (at some greater distance from the epicenter) is quite significant, which can be observed over a period of 10 days before the earthquake occurrence. The polarizations of Z/H in KAK indicate a highest change of intensity which occurred at 18 days prior to the earthquake."