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"Eksploitasi seksual komersial anak merupakan masalah yang sangat serius dan bukan masalah yang baru muncul akhir-akhir ini. Pemerintah Indonesia telah lama berupaya untuk meminimalisir peningkatan jenis kejahatan yang menyerang masa depan anak, antara lain dengan mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan. Akan tetapi, semakin hari kejahatan ini memakan korban semakin banyak. Hal ini dikarenakan pelaku kejahatan tidak secara gentayangan dalam mencari korban. Akan tetapi mereka melakukan aksinya dengan sebuah perencanaan dan berdasarkan pilihan rasional mereka. Teori pilihan rasional adalah salah satu teori kriminologi yang mengajak untuk mengkaji secara serius bagaimana pelaku pelanggaran berpikir, guna memprediksi kapan suatu kejahatan terjadi. Dengan demikian pilihan rasional menjadi acuan penting untuk dikaji dalam mencari cara dalam pencegahan ESKA lebih baik lagi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian interdisipliner dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier yang dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka. Kemudian data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan disajikan secara deskriptif sehingga diperoleh gambaran secara rinci dan sistematis mengenai permasalahan dan pencegahan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak di era dari digital perspektif kriminologi dan yuridis. Kajian secara kriminologi dan yuridis sangat diperlukan sebab masalah kejahatan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak adalah masalah yang kompleks. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran re-konstruksi hukum dalam pencegahan dan penanganan ESKA di Indonesia khususnya pada era digital.

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Commercial sexual exploitation of children is a very serious problem and is not a problem that has emerged recently. The Indonesian government has long tried to minimize the increase in the types of crimes that attack children's future, such as by issuing several policies. However, every day this crime takes more and more victims. This is because criminals do not wander around in search of victims. But they act with a plan and based on their rational choice. Rational choice theory is one of the criminological theories that invites to seriously examine how offenders think, in order to predict when a crime will occur. So that rational choice becomes an important reference to be studied in finding better ways to prevent CSEC. This research is an interdisciplinary research using secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials collected through library research. Then it was analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively so as to obtain a detailed and systematic picture of the problem description and prevention of commercial sexual exploitation of children in the digital era from a criminological and juridical perspective. Criminological and juridical studies are very much needed because the problem of commercial sexual exploitation of children is a complex problem. This research can provide an overview of legal reconstruction in the prevention and handling of CSEC in Indonesia, especially in the digital era."

"Karya Akhir ini membahas tentang tradisi-tradisi patriarkis dan misoginis yang mengkonstruksi anak perempuan berada di posisi rentan menjadi korban eksploitasi seksual komersial anak. Karya akhir ini ditulis menggunakan analisis perspektif feminisme radikal dengan metode penelusuran data sekunder yang memungkinkan penulis menggambarkan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak perempuan bukan hanya disebabkan oleh faktor supply and demand saja, namun terdapat faktor lain yaitu konstruksi dalam tradisi patriarkis dan misoginis yang menyebabkan anak perempuan rentan menjadi korban eksploitasi seksual komersial anak perempuan. Pada akhirnya, penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan pola pada tradisi tradisi patriarkis dan misoginis yang menyebabkan langgengnya eksploitasi seksual komersial anak perempuan.

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This final assignment discusses the patriarchal and misogynist traditions which construct the children (female) in a vulnerable position to become the victims of commercial sexual exploitation of children (female). This final assignment was written using the analysis of radical feminism perspective with the research methods of secondary data that allows author to describe that the commercial sexual exploitation of children (female) is not only caused by factors of supply and demand, but there are also other factors such as patriarchal and misogynist traditions which constructed the children (female) became vulnerable and led them for being the victims of commercial sexual exploitation of children (female). In the end, this paper shows that there are similar patterns of traditions of patriarchal and misogynist which led to the interminable of commercial sexual exploitation of children (female)."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini membahas mengenai implementasi teknologi transformasi klien dalam sebuah organisasi pelayanan kemanusiaan berbasis anak, Yayasan Bandungwangi. Implementasi teknologi transformasi klien dapat dilihat dari tahapan intervensi yang dilakukan Bandungwangi terhadap anak korban ESKA. Selain itu penelitian ini juga membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang mendorong pemilihan teknologi transformasi klien dalam menjawab kebutuhan anak korban ESKA di Yayasan Bandungwangi. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara, studi dokumen dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Bandungwangi mengimplementasikan teknologi transformasi klien berupa people changing dan people-processing yang dapat dilihat melalui tahapan intervesi terhadap klien. Tahapan tersebut terdiri dari tahap penjangkauan, pendampingan, intervensi lanjutan, monitoring dan evaluasi, dan terminasi. Selain itu terdapat pula beberapa faktor yang mendorong pemilihan teknologi tersebut. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah faktor penyesuaian dengan work plan proyek Down to Zero, pengetahuan dan pengalaman sumber daya manusia, karakteristik klien, ketersediaan akses layanan dan keterbatasan sumber dana dan waktu. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar pihak Bandungwangi meningkatkan pelayanan sosial dan intervensi yang dilakukan kepada anak korban ESKA agar kebutuhan anak korban ESKA dapat terjawab atau terpenuhi.

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses the implementation of client transformation technology in a child based humanitarian service organization, Yayasan Bandungwangi. Implementation of client transformation technology can be seen from the stage of the intervention conducted Bandungwangi against child victims of CSEC. In addition, this study also discusses the factors that encourage the selection of client transformation technology in answering the needs of child victims of CSEC in Bandungwangi. The research approach used is qualitative. This research is a descriptive type. Data collection is done by conducting interviews, document studies, and observation. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that Bandungwangi implements client transformation technology in the form of people changing and people processing which can be seen in the intervention stages of the client. These stages consist of outreach, mentoring, advanced intervention, monitoring and evaluation, and termination. In addition, there are also several factors that encourage the selection of these technologies. These factors are adjusting factors with Down to Zero project work plans, human resource knowledge, and experience, client characteristics, availability of service access and limited funding and time resources. This research suggests that Bandungwangi improves social services and interventions conducted for CSEC victims so that the needs of CSEC victims can be answered or fulfilled."

"Tulisan ini mengkaji lima kasus eksploitasi dan kekerasan seksual anak melalui live streaming di Indonesia sebagai bentuk kejahatan, dengan menyorot relasi kuasa, kerentanan anak, dan viktimisasi yang ada. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah analisis data sekunder, yang berasal dari artikel-artikel berita online Indonesia, tentang eksploitasi dan kekerasan seksual anak melalui live streaming di Indonesia. Analisis dalam tulisan ini menggunakan power relations theory oleh Foucault dan social ecological model. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa adanya relasi kuasa yang tidak setara antara orang dewasa dan anak serta adanya kerentanan anak yang disebabkan oleh faktor dari berbagai lapisan, menyebabkan anak menjadi korban eksploitasi dan kekerasan seksual anak melalui live streaming. Anak-anak yang menjadi korban juga ditemukan mengalami viktimisasi kekerasan seksual, viktimisasi online, dan viktimisasi kekerasan ekonomi. Viktimisasi-viktimisasi tersebut terjadi sebanyak lebih dari satu kali. Ini menyebabkan para korban mengalami multiple victimization dan revictimization. Lalu, konten seksual live streaming para korban disebarkan ke internet oleh para pelaku, mengakibatkan para korban mengalami revictimization kronis.

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This paper examines five cases of child sexual exploitation and abuse through live streaming as a form of crime, highlighting the power relations, child vulnerabilities, and victimization within the phenomenon. The writing method in this paper is secondary data analysis, derived from Indonesian news articles, about the phenomenon of child sexual exploitation and abuse through live streaming. The analysis in this paper uses power relations theory by Foucault and social ecological model. The result of the analysis shows that the unequal power relations between adults and children along with child vulnerabilities that is caused by factors from various layers, resulting in children as the victims of child sexual exploitation and abuse through live streaming. This paper also shows that the children who become victims are experiencing sexual abuse victimization, online victimization, and economical abuse victimization. These victimizations happen for more than once, resulting in children to experience multiple victimization and revictimization. In addition, the children’s live streaming sexual content are shared to the internet by the perpetrators, causing chronic child revictimization."

"ABSTRACTThe issuance of the Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Educational System further strengthened the existence of the Distance Education System which was regulated further through Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 24 of 2012 and Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 109 of 2013. The issuance of both regulations also provided opportunities for public and private higher education institutions to administer distance higher education platform, so that universities in Indonesia had many opportunities to provide their learning services through distance learning. Accompanied by technological advancements, the distance learning process got the opportunity to meet the community's expectations for the reach of higher education. Serious management was needed in managing the teaching and learning process in distance education. Each media had its own characteristics and capabilities in reaching its audience. Therefore, it was necessary to observe what media that should be used in the teaching and learning process. To answer this problem, through ethnomethodology methods based on constructivist thinking, and based on the theory of diffusion-innovation, media interpersonal communication, and decontextualisation of messages, the results of this study provided an overview of how media selection and media utilization in the teaching and learning process in the distance education method."

"Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis penanganan kasus kekerasan seksual anak yang mengalami kondisi trauma psikis; menganalisis faktor kendala penanganan; serta memaparkan desain ideal dalam penanganan kasus kekerasan seksual anak yang mengalami kondisi trauma psikis di Polres Metro Jakarta Barat. Landasan teori dan konsep penelitian menggunakan teori kompetensi, teori penegakan hukum, teori psikologi hukum serta teori psikologi kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian ilmu kepolisian. Jenis penelitian digunakan metode eksploratif. Jenis data primer dengan melakukan wawancara dengan Kanit PPA, anggota Unit PPA, Psikolog klinis UPTD PPA serta orang tua korban. Triangulasi yang digunakan yaitu triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi teori. Secara prosedural dalam penanganan laporan adanya kekerasan seksual yang menimpa anak, Penyidik unit PPA melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan metode konseling melalui wawancara kognitif. Kendala yang dialami dalam penanganan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak dimulai dari : Pertama, kendala hukum yang mana terdapat tantangan implementasi UU TPKS terhadap korban kekerasan seksual berbasis elektronik. Kedua, kendala dari faktor penegak hukum terutama terkait perspektif penyidik terkait aspek hukum formil dari alat bukti terutama dari keterangan saksi korban kadang dianggap oleh penyidik tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai satu alat bukti. Ketiga, kendala dari faktor sarana adala berupa belum adanya layanan Terpadu “Satu Atap”. Keempat, kendala kendala budaya patriarki di lingkungan masyarakat dan tabunya pemahaman terkait pendidikan seksual sejak dini. Terakhir, kendala sikap “victim blamming” oleh masyarakat. Desain ideal dalam penanganan kasus kekerasan seksual anak yang mengalami kondisi trauma psikis dari sisi aturan hukum adalah perlu adanya pembentukan Peraturan Pemerintah berdasarkan Pasal 46 ayat (1) mengenai penghapusan dan/atau pemutusan akses informasi elektronik dan/atau dokumen. Kemudian desain ideal sarana layananterpadu “satu atap” untuk pelayanan korban kekerasan seksual pada anak adalah dengan membuat MoU antara UPTD PPA dengan Kepolisian untuk menempatkan petugasnya standby di Unit PPA Polres Metro Jakarta Barat.

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The aim of the research is to analyze the handling of cases of sexual violence against children who experience psychological trauma; analyze the handling constraint factors; as well as explaining the ideal design in handling cases of sexual violence against children who experience psychological trauma. The theoretical basis and research concept uses competency theory, law enforcement theory, legal psychological theory and psychological theory of sexual violence. This study uses a qualitative research approach with the type of police science research. This type of research used exploratory method. Types of primary data by conducting interviews with the PPA Unit, members of the PPA Unit, UPTD PPA clinical psychologists and the victims' parents. The triangulation used is data source triangulation and theory triangulation. Procedurally in handling reports of sexual violence against children, PPA unit investigators conducted an analysis using the counseling method through cognitive interviews. Obstacles experienced in handling sexual violence against children start from: First, legal constraints where there are challenges to the implementation of the TPKS Law against victims of electronic-based sexual violence. Second, the obstacles from law enforcement factors, especially related to the perspective of investigators regarding the formal legal aspects of evidence, especially from the testimony of victims-witnesses, are sometimes considered by investigators as not meeting the requirements as evidence. Third, the obstacle from the facility factor is in the absence of a "One Roof" Integrated service. Fourth, the constraints of patriarchal culture in society and the taboo of understanding related to sexual education from an early age. Finally, the problem is the attitude of "victim blaming" by the community. The ideal design in handling cases of sexual violence against children who experience psychological trauma from a legal standpoint is the need for the establishment of a Government Regulation based on Article 46 (1) regarding the deletion and/or termination of access to electronic information and/or documents. Then the ideal design of an integrated "one-stop" service facility for victims of sexual violence against children is to make an MoU between the UPTD PPA and the Police to place officers on standby at the West Jakarta Metro Police PPA Unit."

"Eksploitasi seksual merupakan salah satu jenis Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual yang tercantum di dalam Pasal 4 UU TPKS dan anak merupakan kelompok yang rentan menjadi korban dari kekerasan ini. Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya fenomena ini disebabkan pola pengasuhan tidak optimal karena minimnya pemahaman orang tua terhadap hak-hak dasar terhadap anak. Hal ini mengakibatkan dampak buruk tidak hanya bagi fisik anak, namun juga psikis, dan sosial yang mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak. Penanganan kasus kekerasan eksploitasi seksual anak ini memerlukan intervensi khusus oleh Pekerja Sosial maupun Tenaga Ahli melalui pelayanan lembaga sosial perlindungan anak. Melalui metode socio-legal, penelitian ini ingin melihat sejauh mana prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak yang diterapkan dalam hukum perlindungan anak bekerja dalam penanganan korban kasus eksploitasi seksual. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penanganan anak yang menjadi korban eksploitasi seksual wajib menempuh upaya pemulihan dan penguatan kejiwaan untuk lanjut menempuh penyelesaian melalui jalur upaya hukum. Namun pada kenyataannya, masih terdapat APH mengenyampingkan keberpihakannya terhadap prinsip terbaik bagi anak dalam proses penyelesaian hukum sehingga berisiko bagi ketahanan mental anak saat sedang memberikan kesaksian di hadapan persidangan. Penanganan korban anak kekerasan seksual juga membutuhkan sinergisitas antar lembaga-lembaga sosial terkait. Dalam penelitan ini juga akan diberikan saran antara lain penambahan keterangan yang lebih rinci dalam UU Perlindungan Anak terkait dengan hak-hak korban eksploitasi, peningkatan pelayanan penanganan dari lembaga-lembaga sosial terkait dan pembekalan perspektif mengenai prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak bagi para APH dan seluruh pekerja sosial.

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Sexual exploitation is one of the types of sexual violence listed in Article 4 of the TPKS Law and children are vulnerable to becoming victims of this violence. Factors that influence the occurrence of this phenomenon are due to suboptimal parenting patterns due to the lack of parents' understanding of the basic rights of children. This results in adverse impacts not only on the child's physical, but also psychological, and social well-being that affects the child's growth and development. Handling cases of child sexual exploitation violence requires special intervention by social workers and experts through the services of child protection social institutions. Through the socio-legal method, this research aims to see how far the principle of the best interests of the child applied in child protection law works in handling victims of sexual exploitation cases. The results found that the handling of children who are victims of sexual exploitation must take efforts to restore and strengthen their psychology to continue to take legal remedies. However, in reality, there are still law enforcement officers who put aside their alignment with the best principles for children in the legal settlement process, which puts the child's mental resilience at risk when giving testimony before the court. Handling child victims of sexual violence also requires synergy between related social institutions. In this research, suggestions will also be given, among others, the addition of more detailed information in the Child Protection Law related to the rights of victims of exploitation, improving handling services from related social institutions and briefing perspectives on the principle of the best interests of children for law enforcement officers and all social workers."