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"This book provides a solid background for understanding the immediate past, the ongoing present, and the emerging trends of additive manufacturing, with an emphasis on innovations and advances in its use for a wide spectrum of manufacturing applications. It contains contributions from leading authors in the field, who view the research and development progress of additive manufacturing techniques from the unique angle of developing high-performance composites and other complex material parts. It is a valuable reference book for scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs who are seeking technologically novel and economically viable innovations for high-performance materials and critical applications. It can also benefit graduate students and post-graduate fellows majoring in mechanical, manufacturing, and material sciences, as well as biomedical engineering."

"Selective laser melting (SLM) has established itself as the most prominent additive manufacturing (AM) process for metallic structures in aerospace, automotive and medical industries. For a reliable employment of this process, it has to conform to the demanding requirements of these industries in terms of quasistatic and, especially, fatigue performance. Shafaqat Siddique identifies the influence of SLM processing conditions on the microstructural features, and their corresponding influence on the mechanical behavior of the processed AlSi12 alloy structures. The author also gives insight into integrated manufacturing by combining conventional and SLM processes to get the synergic benefits. Requirements for fatigue-resistant designs in additive manufacturing are highlighted, and a novel method is developed for agile fatigue life prediction."

"This book provides an overview of training and teaching methods, as well as education strategies, for Additive Manufacturing (AM) and its application in different business sectors. It presents real-world applications and case studies to demonstrate the key practical and theoretical fundamentals of AM training, written by international experts from the field.Additive Manufacturing is a rapidly developing technology, and having a well-trained workforce is essential. Accordingly, readers are introduced to new training approaches and recent breakthroughs that can facilitate and accelerate the design, application and implementation of AM."

"Metode Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) merupakan metode yang sedang berkembang saat ini. Metode ini adalah proses produksi yang digunakan untuk 3D print atau memperbaiki bagian logam, yang mengakibatkan metode WAAM sangat potensial dan inovatif. Skripsi ini menyajikan studi awal metode WAAM pada pengelasan dissimilar menggunakan Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) otomatis, yang melibatkan stainless steel 316 dengan filler aluminium ER5356 dan ER1100, yang bertujuan untuk mencari hasil pengelasan yang terbaik dengan permukaaan yang rapih dan cacat las seminimal mungkin, dengan menggunakan polaritas AC dan DC dan arus 60 A – 170 A. Kecepatan pengelasan konstan di 3.125 cm/s dan gas pelindung menggunakan Argon dengan flowrate konstan sebesar 11 L/min. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa pengelasan menggunakan filler ER5356 hanya optimal menggunakan polaritas DC pada arus 160A. Sedangkan filler ER1100 optimal pada range arus 125A – 130A dengan menggunakan polaritas DC dan arus 75A dengan menggunakan polaritas AC. Disarankan menggunakan polaritas DC untuk kedua filler karena hasil manik lebih konsisten. Studi WAAM ini masih tahap awal, maka pengembangan yang lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang sempurna.

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Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a method that is currently being developed until now. This method is a production process used for 3D print or to repair metal parts, which makes the WAAM method very potential and innovative. This thesis presents a preliminary study of the WAAM method using automatic Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, involving stainless steel 316 with aluminium fillers ER5356 and ER1100, which aims to find the best welding results with a clean surface and minimal defects, using both AC and DC polarity, weld current at 60 A – 170 A. The welding speed is constant at 3.125 cm/s and Argon is used as a shielding gas with a constant flowrate of 11 L/min. The results obtained show that welding using ER5356 filler is optimal only using DC polarity at 160A. While the ER1100 filler is optimal in the current range of 125A – 130A using DC polarity and 75A using AC polarity. It is recommended to use DC polarity for both fillers because the bead results are more consistent. This WAAM study is still in its early stages, so more development is needed to get perfect results."

"ABSTRAKPembuatan gemuk bio kalsium kompleks dengan nilai NLGI (National Lubricating Grease Institute) #2 yaitu yang memiliki konsistensi semi-solid akan ditambahkan aditif talc untuk meningkatkan sifat antiwearnya serta mengurangi friksi. Gemuk yang dihasilkan berbahan dasar minyak kelapa sawit dan sabun kalsium kompleks sebagai thickening agent-nya. Sintesis gemuk tersebut dilakukan dengan cara melakukan proses pengadukan, pemanasan, dan reaksi saponifikasi pada suhu maksimum 165oC antara sabun kalsium kompleks secara in situ dalam minyak RBDPO (Refine Bleach Deodorized Palm Oil) yang terepoksidasi pada suhu 65oC. Selanjutnya dilakukan pendinginan dan homogenisasi pada suhu 70oC, serta penambahan aditif talc yang divariasikan komposisinya: 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, dan 10% dari berat gemuk. Pengujian karakteristik dari gemuk bio yang dihasilkan meliputi uji konsistensi, uji dropping point dan four ball test dengan kecepatan putaran 1000 rpm. Adapun variable yang terdapat pada penelitian ini yaitu waktu dan suhu selama proses serta ukuran partikel talc sebagai variabel control; komposisi aditif talc sebagai variable bebas; komposisi base oil, thickener agent, dan aditif antioksidan BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene) serta hasil uji karakteristik sebagai variable terikat. Gemuk terbaik yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat antiwear terbaik pada penambahan 2,5% talc dengan jumlah keausan terkecil 0,5 mg, dropping point pada suhu 265oC. Sementara pada penelitian sebelumnya gemuk terbaik yang dihasilkan memiliki jumlah keausan sebesar 0,7 mg pada penambahan 3,5% CaCO3.

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ABSTRACTMaking bio calcium complex grease with NLGI grades (National Lubricating Grease Institute) # 2 is that having a semi-solid consistency will be added talc additives to improve the antiwear properties and reduce friction. Grease generated based palm oil and calcium complex soap as a thickening agent of his. The grease synthesis is performed by the stirring process, heating, and a saponification reaction at a maximum temperature of 165oC between calcium complex soap in situ in the oil RBDPO (Refine Bleach Deodorized Palm Oil) is epoxidized at a temperature of 65oC. Furthermore, the cooling and homogenization at 70°C, and the addition of additives talc varied composition: 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by weight of fat. Testing characteristics of bio grease produced include test consistency, dropping point test and four-ball test with a rotation speed of 1000 rpm. The variables contained in this research that the time and temperature during the process as well as a variable talc particle size control; talc additive composition as independent variables; the composition of base oil, thickener agent, and antioxidant additives BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene) as well as the characteristics of the test results as the dependent variable. Best bio grease produced has the best antiwear properties on the addition of 2.5% Talc with the smallest amount of wear of 0.5 mg, dropping point at a temperature of 265oC. While previous research has produced the best grease has the amount of wear 0.7 mg on the addition 3.5% CaCO3."

"ABSTRAKETBE atau Etil Tersier Butil Eter merupakan aditif oksigenat yang merupakan solusi dalam pemecahan masalah terhadap pencemaran udara akibat emisi karbon, terutama gas CO. Namun, dalam proses memproduksi ETBE masih ditemukan kendala berupa hasil konversi yang tergolong rendah. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis aditif dengan kandungan ETBE dengan menggunakan fixed-bed reaktor selama 1 jam dengan reaktan etanol dan isobutilena dan bantuan katalis H-ZSM 11 yang memiliki rasio SiO2/AlO3 50 dan volume pori 0,2 cm3/g. Percobaan dilakukan dengan variasi suhu 750C-950C. Berdasarkan uji GC-MS, didapatkan kemurnian aditif 71% dan yield 13% pada suhu reaktor 900C. Aditif ini menaikan angka oktan dari 88,7 menjadi 88,9 dengan penambahan aditif 1000 ppm pada base premium. Penambahan aditif 1000 ppm dalam gasolin mengurangi pembentukan deposit dari 0,0186% menjadi 0,0035% dan pembentukan emisi CO dari 0,723% sampai 0,245%. Data tersebut menghasilkan penurunan pembentukan deposit sebesar 0,0151% dan penurunan emisi CO sebesar 0,478%.

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ABSTRACTETBE or Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether is an oxygenate additive that can be the solution for the air pollutions problems due to carbon emissions, especially CO gas. However, in the process of producing ETBE there is still obstacles in the form of low conversion results. In this study, additive synthesis containing ETBE was carried by using fixed-bed reactor for 1 hour with ethanol and isobutylene reactants and H-ZSM 11 catalyst aid which had a SiO2/AlO3 50 ratio and a pore volume of 0.2 cm3/g. The experiment was carried out with temperature variations of 750C-950C. Based on the GC-MS test, 71% additive and 13% yield were obtained at 900C reactor temperature. This additive raises the octane number from 88.7 to 88.9 with an additive of 1000 ppm at premium base. Addition of 1000 ppm additives in gasoline reduces deposit formation from 0.0186% to 0.0035% and formation of CO emissions from0.723% to 0.245%. The data resulted in a decrease in deposit formation by 0.0151% and a decrease in CO emissions of 0.478%."

"Additive Manufacturing (AM) adalah kumpulan teknologi untuk fabrikasi komponen 3D dari sebuah model CAD dengan cara layar per layar. AM memiliki kelebihan seperti menghemat biaya material, waktu fabrikasi yang relatif cepat serta kemampuan untuk fabrikasi struktur rumit. Kelebihan – kelebihan tersebut menjadi AM sangat populer diaplikasikan pada area biomedical terutama bone grafting, scaffolding atau area trauma maxillofacial. Oleh karena itu, studi ini dilakukan untuk menelusuri lebih lanjut mengenai perancangan mesin 3d printer keramik dengan basis plunger type extrusion additive manufacturing serta pengaruh – pengaruh dari variasi parameter cetak guna menghasilkan cara untuk memproduksi biomedical implant basis keramik yang affordable dan sesuai spesifikasi yang didesain. Variasi terhadap nilai parameter cetak meliputi diameter nozzle dari ukuran 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm dan 3 mm, kecepatan cetak 5 mm/s, 10 mm/s, 15 mm/s, dan 20 mm/s serta extrusion flow rate 10 mm3/s, 15 mm3/s, 20 mm3/s, 25 mm3/s. Dari hasil penelitian lebih lanjut, penulis menemukan bahwa nilai optimal dari variasi parameter cetak yang menghasilkan spesimen terakurat dan presisi terhadap desain CAD semula adalah diameter nozzle 2.5 mm, kecepatan cetak 20 mm/s dan extrusion flow rate 25 mm3/s. Selain dari itu, melalui uji ANOVA, penulis juga menemukan bahwa extrusion flow rate memiliki pengaruh paling signifikan terhadap kualitas hasil cetak

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AM is a collection of technologies for fabricating 3D components from a screen-by-screen CAD model. AM has advantages such as saving material costs, relatively fast fabrication time, and the ability to fabricate complex structures. These advantages make AM very popular to be applied in biomedical areas, especially bone grafting, scaffolding, or areas of maxillofacial trauma. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore further the design of a ceramic 3d printer machine with a plunger-type extrusion additive manufacturing base and the effects of variations in printing parameters to generate a way to produce affordable ceramic-based biomedical implants according to the designed specifications. Variations in printing parameter values ​​include nozzle diameters of 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3 mm, print speeds of 5 mm/s, 10 mm/s, 15 mm/s, and 20 mm/s as well as an extrusion flow rate of 10 mm3 /s, 15 mm3/s, 20 mm3/s, 25 mm3/s. From the results of further research, the authors found that the optimal value of the variation of printing parameters that produce accurate and precise specimens against the original CAD design is a nozzle diameter of 2.5 mm, a print speed of 20 mm/s, and an extrusion flow rate of 25 mm3/s. Apart from that, the ANOVA test also found that the extrusion flow rate had the most significant effect on the quality of the printouts."

"This book provides details on the innovations made to achieve sustainability in manufacturing. It highlights the trends of current progress in research and development being done to achieve overall sustainability in manufacturing technology. Green-EDM, Hybrid machining, MQL assisted machining, sustainable casting, welding, finishing and casting, energy and resource-efficient manufacturing are some of the important topics discussed in this book."

"This book presents selected proceedings of the International Conference on Production and Industrial Engineering (CPIE) 2018. Focusing on recent developments in the field of production and manufacturing engineering, it provides solutions to wide-ranging contemporary problems in manufacturing engineering and other allied areas using analytical models and the latest numerical approaches. The topics covered in this book include conventional and non conventional machining, casting, welding, materials and processing. As such it is useful to academics, researchers and practitioners working in the field of manufacturing and production engineering.;"

"Additive Manufacturing (AM) adalah metode manufaktur yang menciptakan komponen dengan bentuk kompleks melalui penambahan material layer-by-layer. Meskipun memiliki banyak keuntungan, AM juga memiliki keterbatasan seperti ruang kerja terbatas, yang tergantung pada ukuran bed printer, dan orientasi pencetakan yang memerlukan optimasi untuk mencapai dimensi yang akurat dan mechanical properties dari komponen yang dicetak. Salah satu solusi untuk masalah ini adalah dengan membagi komponen menjadi dua atau lebih bagian untuk dicetak. Hal ini memerlukan perancangan sambungan untuk bagian yang dicetak, sehingga dapat dirakit kembali menjadi bentuk aslinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi metode dan desain terbaik untuk sambungan tersebut. Desain sambungan dioptimasi menggunakan finite element analysis (FEA) untuk memastikan integritas struktural. Penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi penggunaan Inventor API untuk mengotomatisasi pembuatan bentuk sambungan berdasarkan desain yang dioptimisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain sambungan yang dioptimalkan memiliki nilai maksimum stress yang lebih tinggi namun tetap berada dalam area safety factor, yang memiliki arti desain dapat untuk digunakan dalam manufaktur komponen berukuran besar dalamadditive manufacturing (AM).

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a manufacturing method that creates components with complex shapes by adding material layer by layer. Despite its advantages, AM has limitations such as a restricted working envelope, which is dependent on the printer bed size, and variable printing orientation that requires optimization to achieve accurate dimensions and mechanical properties of the printed components. One solution to these issues is to divide the component into two or more parts for printing, allowing the final printed component to match the original design. This requires designing joints for the printed parts, enabling them to be reassembled into the original shape. The objective of this research is to identify the best methods and designs for these joints. The joint designs are optimized using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to ensure structural integrity. The study also explores the use of Inventor API for automating the generation of joint shapes based on the optimized designs. Results indicate that the optimized joint designs exhibit higher maximum stress but remain within the safety factor area, confirming their suitability for use in manufacturing large dimensional parts in additive manufacturing (AM)."