Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Coconut is a very important plant for the livelihood of people in tropical countries. It is also used as an icon of tropical region. Coconut fruit is very heavy and can cause injuries if the fruit falls down and hits somebody who happens to be underneath a coconut tree. In order to avoid the accident,  the coconut fruits have to be regularly cut off. Coconut tree originated from in vitro cultured endosperm is a triploid plant that produces seedless fruit (without endocarp). Coconut fruit without endocarp is not heavy. The objective of this study was to investigate plant regeneration of fresh and in vitro cultured coconut endosperms. The fresh and developed in vitro cultured coconut endosperms were observed using histological analysis. Solid endosperm of seven month-old postanthesis coconut from “Samoan Dwarf†cultivar was freshly picked up and cultured in vitro on modified Branton & Blake formula. Histological study of fresh coconut endosperm showed that the endosperm consisted of parenchyma cells, which were relatively uniform in shape and size, with some nuclei consisted of 1 – 5 nucleoli. Three month-old calli of in vitro grown coconut endosperm in semi solid media showed that its cells varied in shape and size, characterized by high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, high starch, protein and lipid contents which underwent many divisions. Seven month-old calli of in vitro grown coconut endosperm in liquid media showed embryogenic cells which resembled proembryos. Fourteen month-old bud-like structure of coconut endosperm in semi solid media showed a meristematic layer, tunica-corpus structure, cortex-like region and tracheids of xylem. These results indicated that the bud-like structure was an early stage of shoot bud formation in coconut endosperm. This is the first report of early stage of shoot bud formation occurring on coconut endosperm cultured in vitro."

"Kulit adalah bagian terluar dari tubuh yang langsung terpapar ke lingkungan kulit memiliki keanekaragaman bakteri komensal dan patogen yang berkontribusi pada kesehatan manusia. Menentukan dan mengidentifikasi mikroba di kulit menarik untuk penerapannya sumber potensial zat aktif untuk pengembangan kosmetik farmasi atau Aspek kesehatan kulit karena beberapa mikrobiom kulit diindikasikan sebagai probiotik. Akibatnya, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan populasi microbiome kulit menggunakan pendekatan metode konvensional diikuti oleh PCR-sanger sequencing. Bakteri kulit Sampel diperoleh dari empat relawan pria dan wanita dengan kulit sehat kondisi dalam rentang usia 17-25 tahun di Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Penyeka kulit itu dikultur pada agar darah. Koloni bakteri dengan kelimpahan relatif tinggi dan unik diidentifikasi dengan morfologi, mikroskopis, dan sequencing 16S rRNA menggunakan sanger pengurutan. Mikrobiota kulit diidentifikasi milik Firmicutes (75%) seperti Staphylococcus (40%) dan Bacillus (35%) kemudian Actinobacteria seperti Coynebacterium (5%), Micrococcus (15%), dan Kocuria (5%). Dari spesies yang terdeteksi, ada spesies sebagai probiotik termasuk Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus warneri, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, dan Micrococcus luteus. Namun, dari spesies yang terdeteksi adalah bakteri patogen dan patogen serta patogen oportunistik menunjukkan bahwa kulit dapat sebagai reservoir dari bakteri patogen dan patogen oportunistik tersebut berasal dari lingkungan. Pendekatan metode konvensional diikuti oleh penguasaan 16S rRNA dengan sanger sequencing dapat menjadi metode yang efektif dan efisien untuk mendapatkan kulit identitas mikrobiota.

---

The skin is the outermost part of the body which is directly exposed to the environment the skin has a diversity of commensal bacteria and pathogens that contribute to human health. Determining and identifying microbes in the skin is interesting for its application as a potential source of active substances for the development of pharmaceutical cosmetics or skin health aspects because some skin microbiomes are indicated as probiotics. As a result, this study was conducted to determine the skin microbiome population using a conventional method approach followed by PCR-sanger sequencing. Skin bacteria Samples were obtained from four male and female volunteers with healthy skin conditions in the age range of 17-25 years in Depok, West Java, Indonesia. Skin swabs were cultured on blood agar. Colonies of bacteria with relatively high abundance and were uniquely identified by morphology, microscopic, and 16S rRNA sequencing using sanger sorting. Skin microbiota was identified as belonging to Firmicutes (75%) Staphylococcus (40%) and Bacillus (35%) then Actinobacteria such as Coynebacterium (5%), Micrococcus (15%), and Kocuria (5%). Of the species detected, there were species as probiotics including Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus warneri, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Micrococcus luteus. However, the species detected were pathogenic and pathogenic as well as opportunistic pathogens which showed that the skin could be a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic pathogens originating from the environment. The conventional method approach followed by mastery of 16S rRNA with sanger sequencing can be an effective and efficient method for obtaining skin microbiota identity."

"Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dan demam dengue (DD) dilaporkan meningkat di seluruh dunia setiap tahunnya, terutama di negara Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia Gambaran klinis dari DBD/DD adalah demam, sakit kepala, nyeri otot dan sendi, ruam kulit yang mirip dengan campak, dan hasil lab menunjukkan penurunan jumlah trombosit. Hingga saat ini belum ada antiviral khusus untuk DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh virgin coconut oil (VCO) terhadap replikasi virus dengue (DENV). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Departemen Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Data yang diperoleh ini berasal dari hasil eksperimen yang dilakukan dengan 6 pengulangan untuk setiap perlakuan yaitu pemberian VCO 5%, 1%, 0,5% dan 0,1%, kontrol negatif dan Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). Penghambatan replikasi DENV dilihat dengan menghitung titer virus setelah perlakuan VCO. Titer virus dihitung dengan menggunakan metode focus assay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IC50 dari VCO adalah kuat, sementara CC50 VCO adalah moderat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara signifikan VCO menghambat replikasi DENV dengan kisaran cukup aman untuk digunakan pada sel dalam dosis terbatas. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efek VCO pada replikasi DENV in vivo, sehingga dapat ditemukan kandidat anti DENV di masa mendatang.

---

Cases of the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)/Dengue Fever (DF) were reported increasing worldwide annually, especially in South Asia counties including Indonesia The clinical features of DF/DHF are fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles, which lead to thrombocytopenia as a lab result. Until now, specific antiviral for dengue virus (DENV) is not available yet.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) to the DENV replication. This research was experimental study and was conducted at Microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. The data that was obtained for this study came from the experimental studied with 6 repeated experiments for each treatment of various concentartion of 5%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.1% as well as negative control and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). Inhibition of DENV replication was determined by calculating of DENV titer after treated with VCO. The focus assay was used to calculate the DENV titer.

The result showed that IC50 and CC50 of VCO was strong and moderate respectively. VCO was significantly inhibited the replication of DENV with adequate safe range to use for cells within limited dosages. Therefore, we concluded that VCO can be a candidate antiviral for DENV. Next study is needed to evaluate the effect of VCO in vivo, therefore we will find an antiviral of DENV virus in future."

"Latar belakang: Prematuritas merupakan salah satu kelainan yang masih menjadi masalah global. Kejadian prematuritas tidak hanya terjadi di negara berkembang tetapi juga di negara maju. Beberapa kondisi ibu hamil dapat memicu keadaan hipoksia dalam rahim sehingga menyebabkan kelahiran prematur. Keadaan plasenta menggambarkan kesejahteraan janin intra uteri. Kondisi hipoksia seluler memicu ekspresi HIF-1α yang menjadi faktor transkripsi bagi CA9 sebagai penanda hipoksia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh hipoksia terhadap plasenta prematur. Metode: Sampel menggunakan plasenta prematur yang hipoksia (H) dan nonhipoksia (N) sebagai kontrol. Parameter yang dinilai adalah struktur histologis plasenta (Hematoksilin-Eosin), regulator hipoksia HIF-1α (imunohistokimia), dan penanda hipoksia CA9 (ELISA). Hasil: Penilaian struktur histologis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan jumlah pembuluh darah fetus antara kedua kelompok secara bermakna, dimana pada kelompok hipoksia jumlah pembuluh darah fetus lebih banyak dibandingkan kelompok non-hipoksia. Distribusi intensitas ekspresi HIF-1α kedua kelompok juga berbeda bermakna. Rerata kadar CA9 kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna, namun terdapat kecenderungan rerata kadar CA9 kelompok hipoksia lebih tinggi 28% dibandingkan yang non-hipoksia. Kesimpulan: Pengaruh hipoksia terhadap plasenta prematur pada tingkat molekuler berupa stabilitas protein HIF-1α yang menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah pembuluh darah fetus dan terjadi kecenderungan peningkatan sintesis protein CA9.

---

Background: Prematurity is a disorder that is still a global problem. Incidence of prematurity is a problem in developing and also in developed countries. Certain condition accompanying pregnancies may trigger uterine hypoxia, causing premature birth. The placental condition is related with the intra-uterine fetal condition. Cellular hypoxic condition caused by systemic chronic hypoxia, lead to stabilization of HIF-1α protein, a transcription factor of CA9. This study aimed to analyze the effect of hypoxia on the premature placenta.

Methods: Samples from hypoxic premature placenta (H) and non-hypoxic premature placenta (N) were collected. Parameters assessed were histological structure of the placenta (Hematoxylin-Eosin), expression of HIF-1α (immunohistochemistry) and the level of CA9 (ELISA).

Results: Assessment of histological structure showed the number of fetal blood vessels were differed significantly between the two group, wherein the hypoxia group was more than the non-hypoxia. The distributions of HIF-1α expression between the two groups were also differed significantly. The average level of CA9 between two groups were not significant, but there is a tendency of higher level of CA9 in the hypoxia group (28% higher compared to the non-hypoxia group).

Conclusion: It is concluded that the effect of the hypoxia on premature placenta in this study occured at molecular level and lead to HIF-1α protein stability that causes an increase of the number of fetal blood vessel and synthesis of CA9 protein."

"LatarBelakang: Keberadaan sel Oct4 pada suatu struktur merupakan indikasi adanya sel dengan kapasitas pluripoten, disebut juga sel punca pluripoten yang sedang gencar diteliti karena manfaatnya. Dalam proses pengembangan sel punca pluripoten, masih ditemukan hambatan yaitu pengisolasian sumber sel dari embryo yang dianggap kontroversial. Dengan karakteristik kulit dan pandangan sebagai material yang terbuang paska sirkumsisi, kulit prepusium diduga memiliki sel punca pada lingkungan histologinya dan dirasa bisa menjadi sumber baru yang tidak kontroversial untuk sel punca pluripoten.Metode: Sampel diambil dari sirkumsisi massal yang kemudian diolah dengan proses histoteknik dan dilakukan proses staining oleh Hematoxylin-Eosin staining dan Immunohistochemistry Oct4 staining di Laboratorium Histologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Slide sampel yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan mikrofoto menggunakan optilab dan dianalisa.Hasil: Sel Oct4 ditemukan pada kulit prepusium. Namun sel tersebut hanya ditemukan di beberapa lokasi, yaitu kelenjar sebasea, folikel rambut, pembuluh darah, dan lapisan hipodermis dari kulit.Kesimpulan: 80 dari sampel kulit prepusium yang diambil memiliki sel Oct4 dan sel hanya di temukan pada 4 lokasi spesifik kelenjar sebasea, hair follicle, pembuluh darah dan lapisan hipodermis.

---

Background The presence of Oct4 cell in a structure indicates the presence of pluripotent cell, which popular nowadays being on researched due to its benefit. In the development of the cell, an obstacle is found such as the isolation process of the cell rsquo s source, embryonic stem cell, is considered as controversial. With its skin characteristic and views as discarded material, preputial skin expected to possessed stem cell in its histological environment and has the potential to be new source of pluripotent stem cell that is not controversial.Method Sample was taken from mass circumcision event, which then undergo histotechnique process involved the staining with Hematoxylin Eosin Staining and Immunohistochemistry Oct4 staining in Histology Laboratory, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Sample slide that obtain then being analyzed by microphoto of the slide under the microscope.Results Oct4 cells are found in the preputial skin. However, these cell only found limited in several locations such as sebaceous gland, hair follicle, blood vessel, and hypodermis layer of the skin.Conclusion 80 of the preputial skin sample possessed the Oct4 cells and these cells are only found in 4 specific locations sebaceous gland, hair follicle, blood vessel, and hypodermis layer."

"Penelitian kekuatan komposit ferrocement dengan penambahan serat serabut kelapa untuk aplikasi lambung kapal adalah sebuah pembahasan ilmiah yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposit yang baru dan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai material pembangun kapal.Serat alam yaitu serat serabut kelapa diaplikasikan sebagai serat (fiber) pada komposit FRC (Fiber Reinforced Concrete) jenis ferrocement. Serat alam sendiri memiliki kelebihan daripada serat sintetis dari segi karakteristik mekaniknya dan ketersediaannya yang berlimpah. Hal inilah yang menjadi latar belakang perlu dilakukannya penelitian mengenai serat alam. Penelitian kali ini dilakukan untuk melihat karakteristik mekanis dari komposit tersebut. Sampel uji yang digunakan divariasikan sesuai dengan fraksi volumenya yang telah disesuaikan oleh persyaratan penggunaan serat pada FRC. Dilakukan pengujian di laboaratorium untuk melihat kekuatan tarik, besarnya defleksi,lebar retak,berat spesifik, water absorbtion dan kandungan air dari sampel uji. Dimana karateristik tersebut dibandingkan dengan data mekanis ferrocement yang telah diaplikasikan pada lambung kapal. Sedangkan sampel uji dengan penambahan serat serabut kelapa berkisar 5,7.5, 0 % dari volume fraksi sample. Dari hasil pengujian test lentur dan didapat nilai kekuatan Beban lentur sebesar 403,33 ; 473,33 ; 501,67 dan 460 N pada masing-masing spesiemen (0,5,7.5 dan 10%), sedangkan dalam analisa struktur tegangan tarik pada masing-masing spesimen A =4,698 Mpa (681,377 psi),spesimen B = 5,833Mpa (826,247 psi),Spesimen C = 5,697 Mpa (845,995 psi) dan Spesimen D = 4,31 Mpa (625,213 psi). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara defleksi, lebar retak, water absorbtion dan kandungan air dengan kenaikan fraksi volume serat serabut kelapa.

---

The research of ferrocement composite with adding coconut fiber for ship hull application is an scientific subject that purpose to get a new composite and applied for boat building. Natural fiber that's coconut fiber is used to as reinforcement in fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) inside of ferrocement. Coconut natural fiber has self uniques mechanical properties and widely available than syntetic fiber which is used for reinforcement. Based on it's research is carried out.

The research is done to observe mechanical properties of ferrocement composite. The variation of sample tests are prepared according to faction volume that's qualify of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Tests are done at laboratory to observe tensile strength, level of deflection, wide of crack, specific weight, water absorption, water content of sample tests. Those properties compare with mechanical properties of ferrocement that's applied for hull ship construction. The variation of sample tests which is adding of coconut fiber based on 5 %, 7,5 % and 10 % of faction volume.

The result of test shows flexural strength values are 403,33 ; 473,33 ; 501,67 dan 460 N for each specimen (0%,5%,7.5% and 10% faction volume). Result of analysis structure shows the tensile strength for each specimen that specimen A =4,698 Mpa (681,377 psi); specimen B = 5,833Mpa (826,247 psi); specimen C = 5,697 Mpa (845,995 psi) and specimen D = 4,31 Mpa (625,213 psi). The result shows relation of deflection, water absorption, water content with level of faction volume coconut fiber on specimen too."

"Makalah ini membahas mengenai kegiatan komunikasi pemasaran terpadu yang dilakukan oleh Frisian Flag untuk membentuk brand image produk Purefarm Coconut Delight. Hal yang melatarbelakangi strategi kegiatan tersebut adalah produk Purefarm Coconut Delight merupakan produk yang baru dirilis pada tahun 2016 sehingga perlu adanya usaha dari Frisian Flag untuk mengenalkan produk tersebut ke publik sekaligus membentuk brand image dari produk tersebut. Beberapa kegiatan komunikasi pemasaran terpadu yang dilaksanakan adalah acara peluncuran produk, iklan pada media televisi, dan iklan pada media radio yang kemudian masing-masing kegiatan itu dianalisis dalam makalah ini.Hasil analisis pada makalah ini adalah Frisian Flag menggunakan strategi MPR dan iklan untuk membentuk asosisasi dan diferensiasi produk Purefarm Coconut Delight, serta menerapkan strategi user imaginary dan komponen brand image untuk membentuk brand image.

---

This paper discusses the integrated marketing communication activities carried out by Frisian Flag to form the brand image of Coconut Delight Purefarm product. The reason behind this activity strategy is that the Purefarm Coconut Delight product is a newly released product in 2016, so there needs to be an effort from Frisian Flag to introduce the product to the public while forming a brand image of the product. Some integrated marketing communication activities carried out were product launch event, advertisement on television media, and advertisements on radio media which were then analyzed in this paper.The results of the analysis in this paper are that Frisian Flag uses MPR strategies and advertising to form the association and differentiation of Purefarm Coconut Delight products, and apply user imaginary strategy and brand image components to form a brand image."

"Biomachining merupakan proses alternatif dalam fabrikasi mikro yang tergolong ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan bakteri sebagai cutting tool. Proses biomachining menghasilkan kualitas permukaan yang lebih baik karena tidak menghasilkan panas pada permukaan benda kerja dan berpotensi menghasilkan produk dengan skala mikro yang lebih kompleks. Dalam penelitian ini, proses biomachining mulai dikembangkan menjadi lebih fleksibel sesuai dengan arah multi-axis. Proses biomachining bergantung pada kadar oksigen yang terkandung dalam larutan medium kultur, karena oksigen merupakan komponen utama proses metabolisme bakteri dalam melakukan material removal. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 5 buah sampel material tembaga (Cu) yang diletakkan dengan kedalaman berbeda-beda terhadap permukaan cairan medium kultur bakteri Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NBRC 14262. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa material sampel yang ditempatkan pada kedalaman 40 mm memiliki tingkat material removal rate (MRR) 50% lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang diletakkan pada kedalaman 120 mm.

---

Biomachining is an alternative process in the micro-fabrication categorized as environmental friendly because it uses bacteria as a cutting tool. Biomachining process produces a better surface quality because it does not generate heat on the surface of the workpiece that potentially developed to produce more complex microproducts. In this reasearch, biomachining process was developed to be more flexible in multi-axis direction. Biomachining process depends on the level of oxygen contained in the cultured medium, because oxygen is a main component of the metabolic processes of bacteria to conduct of material removal. The experiments were carried out on 5 pieces of material from copper (Cu) and placed in different depths to the surface of the liquid culture medium of bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NBRC 14262. The results showed that sample material that placed 40 mm below the top surface of media has material removal rate (MRR) 50% larger than the one placed 120 mm below."

"Senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas modulasi reseptor estrogen diperlukan untuk pengobatan osteoporosis dengan cara meningkatkan aktivitas pembentukan osteoblas (osteoblastogenesis). Senyawa antrakinon dan stilbena yang terdapat dalam tanaman genus Rheum dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas terhadap reseptor estrogen.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkap efek osteoblastogenesis dari tanaman asli Indonesia yaitu akar kelembak (Rheum officinale Baill) yang diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70%. Ekstrak ini diuji aktivitasnya pada sel 3T3 L1 preadiposit dalam media diferensiasi osteogenik pada konsentrasi 25, 50, 75, 100, dan 125 μg/mL. Sel 3T3 L1 dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi osteoblas yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya warna biru pada pewarnaan alkali fosfatase (ALP). Kadar ALP menurun berturut-turut pada konsentrasi 75, 100, dan 125 μg/ml. Tidak terjadi mineralisasi osteoblas yang ditunjukkan dengan negatifnya pewarnaan alizarin merah.Hasil pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA dengan Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR) menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi gen key regulator diferensiasi osteoblas yaitu Runx2 dan BMP-2 cenderung meningkat sesuai dengan naiknya konsentrasi ekstrak. Sebaliknya, ekspresi gen reseptor estrogen α (ER α) dan β (ER β) cenderung menurun sesuai dengan naiknya konsentrasi ekstrak. Konsentrasi ekstrak paling efektif untuk meningkatkan diferensiasi osteoblas adalah 50 μg/mL karena pada konsentrasi ini terjadi peningkatan kadar alkali fosfatase, peningkatan ekspresi Runx2 dan BMP-2 dan penurunan ekspresi ER α.

---

Compounds with estrogen receptor modulation activity are necessary to treat osteoporosis by increasing osteoblast formation activity (osteoblastogenesis). Anthraquinone and stilbene compounds from genus Rheum have been reported to exert modulation activity toward estrogen receptors.This research aimed to reveal osteoblastogenesis activity of an Indonesian native plant, akar kelembak (Rheum officinale Baill.) extracted with 70% ethanol. The extract obtained was tested on 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cell lines cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium with concentrations of extract of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μg/mL . The differentiations of these cells were marked by blue staining of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The ALP level decrease progressively at 75, 100, and 125 μg/mL. No mineralized nodules or positive alizarin red staining was observed. mRNA expression level of osteoblastic markers were detected by Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR).The results indicate that the key regulator genes of osteogenesis differentiation, Runx2 and BMP-2, tend to increased, while estrogen receptor α (ER α) and β (ER β) tend to decreased, in a dose-dependent manner. It was suggested that osteogenic differentiation was best stimulated at concentration of 50 μg/mL based on the increase of alkaline phosphatase level as well as mRNA level of Runx2 and BMP-2, while mRNA level of ER α was decreased."