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"Open mining activities result in decreased microbial biomass and negatively impacts soil fertility. Soil microbes play a role in the decomposition of soil organic matter and in nutrient cycles through the process of mineralization by the enzymes they produce. The purpose of this study was to analyse soil fertility levels in PT Bukit Asam’s various reclaimed land sites at Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia, as determined by these areas’ microbial populations and soil enzyme activity. The research was conducted by using the explorative method in PT Bukit Asam’s various reclaimed land. Soil sample from 7 different reclamation age area were analysed. Our results showed that soil conditions and soil enzyme activity vary by reclamation age. At KTU, a 12-year-old reclaimed land site, urease enzyme activity had a value of 68.83 mg NH4+.g-1dm.h-1 with a microbial population of 82.64 x 104 CFU.g-1soil. The highest phosphatase enzyme activity value of 95.66 mg pNP.g-1 dm.h-1 was found on the 9-year-old SP702 reclaimed land site, with a soil pH of 5.23. Cellulase enzyme activity on the 21-year-old Udongan reclaimed site had a value of 21.51 mg GE.g-1dm.h-1 with a cellulolytic microbial population of 1.9 x 104 CFU.g-1soil, higher than on other reclamation sites. Invertase enzyme activity on the 15-year-old Tupak reclaimed land site had a value of 24.37 mg GE.g-1dm.h-1. Soil enzyme activity can be an indicator of soil quality and soil microbial activity as it relates to all forms of biochemical transformations occurring in the soil and is highly sensitive to environmental changes."

"Seiring peningkatan kebutuhan infrastruktur yang maju disertai penerapan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang berwawasan lingkungan, tidak dapat dihindari pembangunan konstruksi di atas lahan gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa nilai CBR dan nilai DCP tanah gambut daerah Kecamatan Kayu Agung, Sumatera Selatan pada kondisi unsoaked, terhadap penambahan mikroorganisme selulolitik potensial asli. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan metode pencampuran secara konvensional dengan alat penyemprot dengan volume pencampuran (satuan liter) sebanyak 10% dari berat tanah (satuan kg). Setelah dilakukan fermentasi selama 30 dan 45 hari terjadi peningkatan nilai CBR unsoaked dan penurunan nilai DCP unsoaked dari kondisi asli namun perubahan yang terjadi tidak signifikan.

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Along with the increase of advanced infrastructure needs and application of green science and technology, constructions on peatland is undeniable. This research aims to increase CBR value and to decrease DCP value for improving support capability of peat soil. Addition of potential cellulolytic potential microorganisms is a kind of natural solution for faster improvement on mechanical property of peat soil.

In this research, the mixing is conventionally by using sprayer with microorganisms volume as much as 10% of soil mass (in litre unit). After fermentation of 30 and 45 days, it shows increase of CBR value and decrease of DCP value from its initial condition yet the results obtained is still in bad condition."

"ABSTRAKBiodrying merupakan proses MBT Mechanical-Biological Treatment yang dapat mengurangi kadar air sampah organik menggunakan panas dari hasil penguraian mikroorganisme. Namun, kandungan nutrisi kompleks di dalamnya dapat memperlambat aktivitas mikroorganisme tersebut, sehingga penambahan aditif berupa enzim selulase perlu dilakukan. Selain itu, biodrying diketahui menghasilkan produk akhir yang hanya terbio-stabilisasi sebagian. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan enzim selulase terhadap dinamika populasi mikroorganisme, keterkaitannya dengan perubahan suhu, kadar air, dan zat organik berupa VS/volatile solid , dan pengaruhnya terhadap bio-stabilisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penambahan enzim selulase dengan rasio 0:1:1,5 ke tiga reaktor berbeda yaitu R1, R2, dan R3. Hasilnya, R3 memiliki rata-rata suhu tertinggi 46,95 C , pengurangan kadar air tertinggi 26 serta penurunan kadar VS tertinggi kedua 25 . Selain itu, R3 dapat menghasilkan nilai kadar air terendah 36 dan nilai kalor berkualitas RDF Kelas 4 >2.400 kal/g dalam waktu tercepat 19 dan 14 hari . Jumlah dan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme nilai k reaktor 3 juga merupakan yang tertinggi. Namun, R3 menghasilkan bio-stabilitas terendah yang tidak memungkinkan produknya untuk melalui kegiatan pasca-operasional dengan durasi yang lama serta produknya tidak sesuai digunakan untuk aplikasi lahan.

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ABSTRACTBiodrying as an MBT Mechanical Biological Treatment process is used to reduce moisture content in organic solid waste with bio heat produced by microbial degradation. Therefore, presence of microorganisms in the process becomes crucial as they may also bio stabilize the waste. On the other hand, organic waste contains complex nutrients that may slow down microbial activities, and hence an additive, in the form of cellulase enzyme, is needed for the process. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of cellulase enzyme addition on microbial population dynamics, changes in temperature, moisture content, and organic content, and the effect of microbial population dynamics on bio stabilization in the biodrying process. This was done by adding different amounts with a 0 1 1,5 ratio of cellulase enzyme to each of three laboratory scale biodrying reactors R1, R2, and R3. The highest temperature profile was reached by R3, along with the highest and second highest reduction in MC moisture content 26 and VS volatile solid content 25 respectively. R3 also reached its lowest MC 36 and Class 4 RDF specification 2.400 cal g the fastest 19 and 14 days . In addition, R3 had the highest mean of microbial population with the highest mean growth rate k . However, it produced the lowest bio stability of the product. Hence it would not be able to undergo a long term period post treatment and be used for land application. "

"Belowground modification of soil microbial community by invasive plants is well evident. Similar instances of Ageratina adenophora invasion have been reported. This study was aimed to determine the effect of A. adenophora invasion on species richness, species or community composition and occurrence frequency of soil fungi. These parameters were analyzed using culture method on invaded and uninvaded soils. Species richness of soil fungi was lower in the A. adenophora invaded soil compared to the uninvaded soil. The occurrence frequency of particular fungi was different for those two soil conditions. A. adenophora also altered soil fungi species composition in the invaded soil by replacing saprophytic fungi and accumulating pathogenic fungi. Thus, A. adenophora is associated to lower species richness of saprophytic soil fungi and high occurrence frequency of pathogenic soil fungi. This study concluded that the invasive A. adenophora modifies belowground soil fungi communities as one of the mechanisms involved in the successful invasion of A. adenophora."

"Microbial Fuel Cel/ (IVIFC) adalan seperangkat alat yang mampu menguban energi kimia yang berasal dari metabolisme suatu mikroorganisme, menjadi energi Iistrik. |V|etabo|isme suatu mikroorganisme melibatkan transpor elektron di dalamnya, seningga dapat di manfaatkan untuk mengnasiikan listrik. Proses transpor elektron dari membran sei ke permukaan anoda dapat dibantu dengan penambanan mediator. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan Kultur Pseudomonas aeruginosa untuk memproduksi Iistrik dalam IVIFC, tanpa penambanan mediator dari luar sistem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adalan bakteri yang dapat mengnasilkan pigmen-pigmen berwarna knas. Salan satunya adalan pyocyanin, suatu pigmen biru nijau yang diperkirakan bersifat elektroaktif. Pyocyanin dapat dinasilkan olen P. aeruginosa pada media pertumbunan ekstrak tauge. Hasil uji voltametri siklik ternadap ekstrak pyocyanin menunjukkan banwa senyawa tersebut bersifat elektroaktif, dengan potensial oksidasi pada 0,21825 V dan potensial reduksi pada 0,147 V. Pengukuran Iistrik IVIFC dilakukan dengan menggunakan Kultur P. aeruginosa pada media ekstrak tauge dengan pyocyanin sebagai auto-mediator. Arus yang diperolen rata-rata sebesar 23 uA, serta voltase rata-rata sebesar 260 mV. Produksi Iistrik IVIFC dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi substrat glukosa sebesar 0,5 g/L; 1 g/L; 2,5 g/L; 3 glL dan 4 glL menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran berlangsung optimal penambahan glukosa sebesar 3 g/L"

"This brief discusses the impact of gold, silver, zinc oxide, and cerium oxide nanoparticles on the growth and viability of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium. Moreover, it analyses the relationship between bacterial growth inhibition, reactive oxygen species generation, the regulation of transcriptional stress genomes, and the toxicity of these materials. Finally, it reviews the specific metallic nanomaterials and highlights their modes of synthesis, reactivity at surfaces, and the importance of assay procedures in determining their toxicity levels. "

"ABSTRAKTeknologi terus dikembangkan dalam dunia biomedis untuk menemukan cara pengobatan yang tepat dan murah. Sebuah metode untuk mengukur efekifitas anti mikroba adalah dengan metode uji silinder. saat ini, pengukuran zona inhibisi masih dilakukan dengan menggunakan caliper atau penggaris. Dalam penelitian ini, sistem instrumentasi untuk deteksi otomatis dan pengukuran zona inhibisi dikembangkan dengan menggunakan teknik pengolahan citra. Sampel zona inhibisi dalam cawan petri ditangkap menggunakan kamera dan diproses secara langsung di komputer.Pada penelitian ini perangkat lunak dibuat dengan memanfaatkan program Matlab berbasis Graphical User Interface GUI , Akhirnya, sistem pengukuran yang diusulkan sangat menjanjikan dan dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk evaluasi efektivitas anti mikroba.

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ABSTRACTTechnology continues to be developed in the biomedical world to find the rightand inexpensive treatment. A method for measuring anti microbial effectiveness is by cup platemethod. Currently, inhibition zone measurements are still done manually using a caliper or ruler.In this study, the intrumentation sistem for automatic detection and zone measurement of inhibitionwas developed using image processing techniques. Samples of inhibition zones in petri dishes werecaptured using cameras and processed directly on the computer. In this research the software ismade by using Matlab program based on Graphical User Interface GUI . Finally, the proposedmeasurement sistem is very promising and can be used as a tool for evaluation of anti microbialeffectiveness. "