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"Deteksi dini gagal jantung (GJ) penting untuk mengurangi angka kesakitan, kematian dan rawat ulang, terutama pada era pandemi COVID-19. Kecerdasan buatan berdasarkan data ekokardiografi berpotensi mempermudah identifikasi GJ, tetapi tingkat kesahihan belum diketahui. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan model Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) dengan metode deep learning menggunakan algoritme visual geometry group (VGG)-16 untuk menilai validitas model kecerdasan buatan dalam deteksi GJ dan membedakan jenis GJ dengan atau tanpa penurunan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri (FEVKi) di berbagai alat ekokardiografi. Penelitian uji diagnostik ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dibagi dua fase yaitu fase pertama populasi pasien normal dan GJ dengan atau tanpa FEVKi menurun di RS Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita dan fase kedua di 10 RS jejaring pada bulan Januari 2020–Maret 2022. Pada fase pertama dilakukan analisis 141 rekaman video ekokardiografi dan fase kedua dianalisis 685 video meliputi tampilan apical 4 chamber (A4C), apical 2 chamber (A2C), dan parasternal long axis (PLAX). Dataset setiap fase dibagi untuk melatih (tahap training) dan menguji (tahap testing) model LIFES dalam membedakan dua kelas diagnosis (GJ dan individu normal) dan tiga kelas diagnosis (GJ dengan FEVKi menurun, GJ dengan FEVKi terjaga, dan individu normal). Pada fase 1 performa terbaik model LIFES dalam membedakan dua kelas ditunjukkan pada tampilan A2C dengan skor F1 0,94 dan area under the curve (AUC) 0,93. Klasifikasi tiga kelas terbaik ditunjukkan pada tampilan A2C dengan F1 0,78 dan AUC 0,83 sampai 0,92. Pada fase 2 klasifikasi dua kelas terbaik ditunjukkan oleh tampilan PLAX dengan skor F1 mencapai 0,93 dan AUC 0,91. Klasifikasi tiga kelas terbaik ditunjukkan pada tampilan PLAX dengan F1 0,82 dan AUC berkisar dari 0,91 hingga 0,94. Waktu pemrosesan model LIFES sekitar 0,15 sampai 0,19 detik untuk memprediksi satu sampel. Disimpulkan model LIFES berfungsi baik untuk deteksi dini GJ sesuai konsensus ahli, sekaligus dapat membedakan jenis GJ dengan atau tanpa FEVKi menurun pada berbagai mesin ekokardiografi.

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Early detection of heart failure (HF) is important to reduce morbidity, mortality, and re-hospitalization, especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Artificial intelligence based on echocardiographic data has the potential to facilitate the identification of HF, but the level of validity is unknown. Therefore, Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) model was developed with a deep learning method using the visual geometry group (VGG)-16 algorithm to assess the validity of the artificial intelligence model in the detection of HF and distinguish the type of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or preserved in left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) in various echocardiographic devices. This diagnostic test study used a cross-sectional design, which was divided into two phases, namely the population of normal and HFrEF or HFpEF patients at the Harapan Kita National Heart Center Hospital and ten network hospitals from January 2020 to March 2022. In the first phase, 141 echocardiographic video recordings were analyzed and in the second phase, 685 videos were analyzed, including apical-4 chamber (A4C), apical-2 chamber (A2C), and parasternal-longaxis (PLAX) displays. The dataset for each phase was divided between training and testing the LIFES model in distinguishing two-diagnostic classes (HF and normal individuals) and three-diagnostic classes (HFrEF, HFpEF, and normal individuals). In phase 1, the best performance of the LIFES model in distinguishing the two classes is shown on the A2C display with an F1 score of 0.94 and an area under the curve (AUC) 0.93. The best three-class classifications are shown on the A2C display with an F1 of 0.78 and an AUC of 0.83 to 0.92. In phase 2, the best twoclass classifications are shown by the PLAX display with F1 scores reaching 0.93 and AUC 0.91. he best three-class classifications are shown on the PLAX display, with an F1 of 0.82 and an AUC ranging from 0.91 to 0.94. The

processing time of the LIFES model is about 0.15 to 0.19 seconds to predict a single sample. It is concluded that the LIFES model works well for the early detection of HF, according to expert consensus while at the same time being able to distinguish the type of HF (HFrEF or HFpEF) on various echocardiographic machines."

"Latar Belakang : Deteksi infark pada populasi sindroma koroner akut non elevasi segmen ST (SKA-NEST) pada praktik klinis sulit dan menyebabkan kegagalan stratifikasi risiko yang tepat. Pemeriksaan enzim jantung tidak tersedia secara luas, memiliki waktu tunggu yang lama, dan membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit.Tujuan : Mengetahui akurasi dasar dan akurasi paska training kecerdasan buatan Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) dalam mendeteksi infark miokard pada populasi SKA-NEST berdasarkan gambaran ekokardiografiMetode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi diagnostik yang mengevaluasi kemampuan kecerdasan buatan berbasis deep learning LIFES dalam mendeteksi infark miokard pada pasien SKA-NEST di RSJPDHK pada tahun 2019-2023 berdasarkan gambaran ekokardiografi. Dilakukan transfer learning menggunakan dataset penelitian dan cross validation untuk mengetahui tingkat akurasi model baru paska transfer learning.Hasil : Sebanyak 721 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dari tahun 2019-2023. 310 diantaranya adalah pasien infark miokard non elevasi segmen ST (IMA-NEST). Sebanyak 67,8 % subjek adalah laki-laki dengan median usia 61 tahun. Median waktu dilakukan ekokardiografi dari admisi adalah tiga hari. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada beberapa parameter ekokardiografi pada kelompok infark vs non infark berupa median FEVKi 53% vs 63 % (p < 0,001), median LVEDD 48,8 mm vs 44,6 mm (p < 0,001), median rerata E/E’ 12,0 vs 9,8 (p < 0,001) dan median LAVI 30 ml/m2 vs 26 ml/m2 (p < 0,001). Performa diagnostik LIFES terhadap infark didapatkan paling baik pada tampilan PLAX dengan sensitivitas 88,7 % dan spesifisitas 20,4 % AUC 0,55 pada LIFES fase 2 model 1. Paska transfer learning, model LIFES-MI menghasilkan akurasi terbaik pada tampilan A4C dengan sensitivitas 41,3 % dan spesifisitas 83,7% AUC 0,61.Kesimpulan Model kecerdasan buatan LIFES fase 2 model 1 memiliki sensitivitas yang baik untuk deteksi infark miokard, sedangkan model LIFES-MI memiliki spesifisitas yang baik dalam mendeteksi infark miokard berdasarkan gambaran ekokardiografi pada populasi SKA-NEST.

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Background: Detecting myocardial infarction in the non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) population in clinical practice is challenging and leads to failure in appropriate risk stratification. Cardiac enzyme assays are not widely available, have long waiting times, and incur significant costs.

Objective: To determine the baseline accuracy and post-training accuracy of the Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) artificial intelligence in detecting myocardial infarction in the NSTEACS population based on echocardiographic findings.

Method: This study is a diagnostic study that evaluates the ability of deep learning-based artificial intelligence LIFES in detecting myocardial infarction in NSTEACS patients at RSJPDHK from 2019 to 2023 based on echocardiographic videos.. Transfer learning was performed using the research dataset and cross-validation to determine the accuracy level of the new model post-transfer learning.

Results: A total of 721 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 2019 to 2023. Among them, 310 were non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. 67.8% of the subjects were male with a median age of 61 years. The median time from admission to echocardiography was three days. There were significant differences in several echocardiographic parameters between the infarct and non-infarct groups, including median EF% 53% vs 63% (p < 0.001), median LVEDD 48.8 mm vs 44.6 mm (p < 0.001), median mean E/E' 12.0 vs 9.8 (p < 0.001), and median LAVI 30 ml/m2 vs 26 ml/m2 (p < 0.001). LIFES diagnostic performance for infarction was best achieved in the PLAX view with sensitivity of 88.7% and specificity of 20.4%, AUC 0.55 in LIFES phase 2 model 1. Post-transfer learning, the LIFES-MI model produced the best accuracy in the A4C view with sensitivity of 41.3% and specificity of 83.7%, AUC 0.61.

Conclusion: The Learning Intelligent for Effective Sonography (LIFES) phase 2 model 1 has good sensitivity for detecting myocardial infarction, while the LIFES-MI model has good specificity in detecting myocardial infarction based on echocardiographic findings in the NSTEACS population."

"Echocardiography in Heart Failure - a volume in the exciting new Practical Echocardiography Series edited by Dr. Catherine M. Otto - provides practical, how-to guidance on effectively applying echocardiography to evaluate heart failure, make therapeutic decisions, and monitor therapy. Definitive, expert instruction from Drs. Martin St. John Sutton and Denise Wiegers is presented in a highly visual, case-based approach that facilitates understanding and equips you to accurately apply this technique while avoiding any potential pitfalls. Access the full text online at www.expertconsult.com al."

"Introduksi: Gagal jantung (GJ) adalah kondisi dimana jantung tidak mampu secara optimal memompa darah untuk konsumsi tubuh. Walaupun dalam tingkat global prevalansi GJ itu tinggi, studi mengenai hubungan status New York Heart Association (NYHA) dan IMT dari pasien GJ masih minim. Sebagai tambahan, tidak seperti di negara lain, studi mengenai profil pasien GJ di Indonesia sudah tua. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai karakteristik klinik pasien GJ di RSCM dan mengidentifikasi jika adanya korelasi signifikan diantara IMT dan status NYHA pasien GJ.Metode: Ini adalah studi penampang lintang data sekunder yang dilakukan pada tahun 2021. Data dari pasien GJ yang memiliki indikator IMT dan NYHA jelas dari rekam medis PJT dan pusat RSCM dikumpulkan. Semua data berasal dari kunjungan pertama pasien ke RSCM. Data tersebut dianalisa menggunakan SPSS, dimana frekuensi, median, dan interquartile range dari variabel ditelusuri. Hubungan antara IMT dan NYHA diobservasi melalui ANOVA dan regresi logistik. Hasil: 224 data pasien dari RSCM berhasil terkumpulkan. Median usia pasien GJ di RSCM adalah 57 tahun (IQR=13.75). Populasi pria melebihi dibandingkan wanita (66.1%). Pasien obesitas meliputi sepertiga (39.7) dari total populasi. NYHA 2 adalah status NYHA yang paling kerap muncul dalam populasi sample (62.1%). Gejala yang paling sering ditemukan adalah sesak nafas (75.0%), sedangkan sejarah medis yang paling acap adalah gejala jantung iskemik (69.2%). Semua tanda vital dalam jarak normal. Manifestasi klinis yang paling sering muncul adalah ronkhi (36.80%). Pola ECG yang paling sering ditemukan adalah irama sinus normal (61.50%). Kebanyakan pasien memiliki ejeksi fraksi berkurang (58%). Semua indikator lab normal, terkecuali untuk biomarker renal yang tinggi. Terapi farmakologi teradministrasi paling sering adalah B-Blocker dan Antagonis Aldosterone (64.6% dan 66.5%). One way ANOV A menunjukan adanya perbedaan rata rata IMT signifikan (! (2,211) = 7.964, " = <.001, #2 = .06). Konklusi: Profil pasien studi ini sesuai ekspektasi dari kondisi rujukan awal pasien GJ. Profil pasien sample ini dengan studi lain dari Indonesia, akan tetapi menemukan beberapa perbedaan dengan studi dari negara lain. IMT dan NYHA juga ditemukan mempunyai korelasi linear, dengan catatan ada faktor eksternal yang menentukan progresi menuju NYHA 4.

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Introduction: Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump blood for the body. Even though it is high on prevalence globally, the relationship between the presenting New York Heart Association (NYHA) and patients' BMI is still minimally studied. Additionally, HF patients' profile in Indonesia is significantly outdated. This study aims to provide a clinical characteristic of HF patients in RSCM and identify the relationship between BMI and present NYHA status. Methods: This study is a cross sectional secondary data study conducted on 2021. Data of HF patients from PJT and central RSCM medical records with a clear indicator of BMI and NYHA were collected. All data came from the patient's first visit to RSCM. Data were then analyzed using SPSS, where the frequency, median, interquartile range of variables was explored. The relationship between BMI and NYHA was observed using ANOVA and logistic regression. Results: 224 data were collected on this study. The median age of HF patients in RSCM was 57 years old (IQR=13.75). Compared to females, males are more frequent (66.1%). Obese patients comprise one third (39.7%) of the population. NYHA 2 is the most common presenting NYHA, which constitutes half the sample (62.1%). The most common symptom is dyspnea (75.0%), while the most common medical history is previous ischemic heart disease diagnosis (69.2%). All vital signs are within normal range upon inspection. The most common physical manifestation is Ronchi (36.80%). ECG pattern most commonly found is normal sinus rhythm (61.50%). Most patients have reduced ejection fraction (58%). Lab indicators are within the normal range, except for renal biomarkers, which is mainly elevated. Most common medication administered is B- Blocker and Aldosterone Antagonist (64.6% and 66.5%). ANOVA test found significant mean differences between severe NYHA and BMI (! (2,211) = 7.964, " = <.001, #2 = .06) Conclusion: In conclusion, patients from this study are more common to have NYHA 2. Additionally, BMI and NYHA is linear correlated, where other factors apart from BMI may be a significant cause of progression to NYHA 4."

"This book is a practical guide to the use of TEE (transoesophageal echocardiography) in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD). Beginning with an introduction to TEE for CHD, the following chapters describe procedures to be used for different cardiac conditions. 3D TEE allowing multi-dimensional perspectives is also covered."

"Fetal Heart Ultrasound, now in its second edition, has been written as a practical guide for the ultrasound examination of the fetal heart. The fetal heart is considered to be the most important and difficult part of a fetal examination. This book aims not only to clarify and simplify the approach to this examination, but also to define what a normal fetal heart should be, and underline just why this organ remains one of the best warning signs for fetal pathology. It will be useful to trainee and practicing ultrasonographers, ultrasound departments providing obstetric ultrasound services, and obstetricians, gynecologists, radiologists and midwives undertaking course in fetal ultrasonography."

"Paralisis diafragma pasca operasi penyakit jantung bawaan dapat meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbitas pasien. Penegakkan diagnosa kelainan ini menjadi kunci untuk pengambilan keputusan tindak lanjut seperti plikasi diafragma. Fluoroskopi sebagai baku emas memiliki keterbatasan untuk dilakukan pada pasien pasca operasi penyakit jantung bawaan. Dari 2.287 operasi penyakit jantung yang dilakukan di RSJPDHK terdapat 41 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Median usia pasien 10 (1-119) bulan dan 43,9% berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada jenis operasi yang dijalani. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas USG diafragma dibandingkan fluoroskopi pada subjek penelitian sebesar 100%(95%CI 82,35%-100%) untuk sensitivitas, dan 95.5%(95% CI 77,16%-99,88%) untuk spesifisitas. Lebih lanjut dilakukan perhitungan nilai prediksi positif dengan hasil 95%(95%CI 73,68%-99,27%) dan nilai prediksi negatif 100% (95% CI 83,89%-100%). Ultrasonografi memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang baik dibandingkan fluoroskopi sebagai metode diagnostik pada populasi dengan kecurigaan paralisis diafragma pasca operasi penyakit jantung bawaan dengan sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 95.5%.

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Diaphragmatic paralysis after congenital heart disease surgery can increase patient mortality and morbidity. Establishing a diagnosis of this disorder is key for making follow-up decisions such as diaphragm plication. Fluoroscopy as the gold standard has limitations for performing post-surgical patients with congenital heart disease.This study is a comparative diagnostic study that evaluates the ability of diaphragmatic ultrasound to diagnose diaphragmatic paralysis in patients with suspected diaphragmatic paralysis after surgery for congenital heart disease at RSJPDHK from June 2022 to May 2024. Each diaphragmatic ultrasound result was recorded and compared with the findings on fluoroscopy examination. Of the 2,287 heart surgery performed at RSJPDHK, there were 41 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median patient age was 10 (1-119) months and 43.9% were male. There are significant differences in the type of surgery undertaken. From the calculation results, it was found that the sensitivity and specificity of diaphragm ultrasound compared to fluoroscopy in research subjects was 100% (95% CI 82.35% - 100%) for sensitivity, and 95.5% (95% CI 77.16% - 99.88%) for specificity. Furthermore, the positive predictive value was calculated with results of 95% (95% CI 73.68%-99.27%) and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 83.89%-100%). Ultrasonography has good sensitivity and specificity compared to fluoroscopy as a diagnostic method in the population with suspected diaphragmatic paralysis after surgery for congenital heart disease with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95.5%."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan. Studi ini merupakan studi ultrasonografi untuk menilai efektivitas proyeksi lateral dekubitus dibandingkan dengan proyeksi pronasi dengan atau tanpa manuver dorsofleksi dalam mendiagnosis plantar fasciitis.Metode. 45 pasien yang terdiri atas 12 pasien memiliki keluhan di kedua kaki, 6 pasien memiliki keluhan di kaki kanan dan 15 pasien di kaki kiri. Pengukuran tebal fasia plantaris menggunakan proyeksi sagital di mana fasia plantaris melewati aspek anterior dari batas inferior tulang kalkaneus.Hasil. Tidak terdapat korelasi hasil pengukuran ketebalan fasia plantaris antara posisi lateral dekubitus dan posisi pronasi dengan dorsofleksi (p=0,008) dan terdapat korelasi hasil antara posisi lateral dekubitus dan posisi pronasi tanpa dorsofleksi (p=0,064) pada kelompok plantar fasciitis. Posisi lateral dekubitus pada plantar fasciitis memiliki peningkatan rata-rata ketebalan fasia plantaris dibandingkan dengan posisi pronasi.Kesimpulan. Posisi pronasi merupakan teknik yang umum dipakai dalam menilai plantar fasciitis, namun demikian proyeksi lateral dekubitus dapat menjadi teknik yang efektif dan memberikan kenyamanan bagi pasien plantar fasciitis dengan beberapa kondisi tertentu yang tentunya akan berguna bagi ahli radiologi dalam menjalankan praktek klinik.

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ABSTRACTObjective. The purpose of this ultrasound study was to investigate the efficacy ofdecubitus lateral projection compared with prone projection and with or without dorsiflexion ankle maneuver in the detection of plantar fasciitis.Methods. Fourty-five patients with right unilateral (n=6), left unilateral (n=15) and bilateral (n=12) heel pain andfourty-four age and sex matched healthy subjects were studied. Sagittal imaging of the plantar fascia was performed and its thickness was measured on both technic at a point where the plantar fascia crosses the anterior aspect of the inferior border of the calcaneus.Result. There is no correlation was found between decubitus lateral projection and prone projection with dorsiflexion of plantar fascia thickness measurements (p=0,008) and there is a correlation was found between decubitus lateral projection and prone projection without dorsiflexion of plantar fascia thickness measurements (p=0,064)on plantar fasciitis group. Compared with the prone projection, patients with decubitus lateral projection had increases in plantar fascia thicknesses.Conclusions. Prone projection is the common technic in the assessment of plantar fasciitis, however decubitus lateral projections can also serves as an effective technic and comfortable position that can be used at plantar fasciitis patients with specific conditions which may be very useful for the radiologist in clinical practice., Objective. The purpose of this ultrasound study was to investigate the efficacy ofdecubituslateral projection compared with prone projection and with or without dorsiflexion anklemaneuver in the detection of plantar fasciitis. Methods. Fourty-five patients with right unilateral (n=6), left unilateral (n=15) and bilateral(n=12) heel pain andfourty-four age and sex matched healthy subjects were studied. Sagittalimaging of the plantar fascia was performed and its thickness was measured on both technic at apoint where the plantar fascia crosses the anterior aspect of the inferior border of the calcaneus. Result. There is no correlation was found between decubitus lateral projection and proneprojection with dorsiflexion of plantar fascia thickness measurements (p=0,008) and there is acorrelation was found between decubitus lateral projection and prone projection withoutdorsiflexion of plantar fascia thickness measurements (p=0,064)on plantar fasciitis group.Compared with the prone projection, patients with decubitus lateral projection had increases inplantar fascia thicknesses. Conclusions. Prone projection is the common technic in the assessment of plantar fasciitis,however decubitus lateral projections can also serves as an effective technic and comfortableposition that can be used at plantar fasciitis patients with specific conditions which may be veryuseful for the radiologist in clinical practice.]"

"Latar belakang: Penurunan curah jantung merupakan masalah yang penting dalam penatalaksanaan pasca-bedah jantung terbuka karena penurunan curah jantung ini meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. Modalitas untuk pemantauan curah jantung bergeser dari invasif ke non-invasif. Alat ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) dan ekokardiografi menjadi alat baru yang non-invasif. Bila dibandingkan dengan alat ekokardiografi yang membutuhkan keahlian khusus, alat USCOM dapat dijadikan alat pengukuran indeks curah jantung alternatif secara intermiten oleh tenaga medis terlatih.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hasil pengukuran indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan pintasan jantung paru.Metode: Studi potong lintang (cross sectional) pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan PJP dengan metode pengukuran simultan indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dan ekokardiografi di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, dari bulan Juni-Juli 2014.Hasil: Tiga belas pasien yang menjalani bedah jantung terbuka berhasil diukur dengan alat USCOM dan ekokardiografi secara simultan. Subyek terdiri atas 8 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan dengan median usia 3 tahun (1-12 tahun). Median berat badan, tinggi badan, dan luas permukaan tubuh berturut-turut 11 kg (5,5-29 kg), 82 cm (63-133 cm), dan 0,53 m2 (0,32- 0,98 m2). Diagnosis terbanyak berturut-turut adalah tetralogi Fallot (5 subyek), defek septum ventrikel (3 subyek), dan DORV (2 subyek). Pada analisis Bland-Altman indeks curah jantung yang diukur dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi didapatkan perbedaan rerata sebesar 0,115 L/menit/m2 (IK95% -0,536 hingga 0,766) dan batas kesesuaian -3,616 hingga 3,846 L/menit/m2. Hasil tambahan penelitian ini berupa perbedaan rerata indeks isi sekuncup 0,03 mL/m2 (IK95% -5,002 hingga 5,065) dan batas kesesuaian -28,822 hingga 28,885 mL/m2. Perbedaan rerata diameter LVOT -0,017 cm (IK95% -0,098 hingga 0,064) dan batas kesesuaian -0,285 hingga 0,251 cm. Perbedaan rerata nilai VTI didapatkan sebesar -2,991 cm (IK95% -4,670 hingga -1,311) dan batas kesesuaian -12,616 hingga 6,635 cm.Kesimpulan: Pengukuran indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan PJP didapatkan perbedaan rerata kedua pengukuran kecil dan batas kesesuaian 95% yang lebar. Pada pengukuran indeks curah jantung yang makin rendah, perbedaan atau selisih rerata semakin kecil dan memiliki kesesuaiannya lebih baik.

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Background: Low cardiac output is important problem in post-open heart surgery management because this condition increase morbidity and mortality. Modality of cardiac output monitoring shifted from invasive to non-invasive. Ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) and echocardiography are new non-invasive tools. Echocardiography needs special skill, but USCOM can used by trained user because of fast learning curve of skill.Objectives: To determine the agreement of cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography in children after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods: Cross sectional study using simultaneous measurement of cardiac index by USCOM and echocardiography on post-open heart surgery patient in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, from Juni-Juli 2014.Results: Thirteen post-open heart surgery of pediatric patient were enrolled (8 male and 5 female, median of age 3 years old (1-12 years old). Median of body weight, height, and body surface area respectively were 11 kg (5,5-29 kg), 82 cm (63-133 cm), dan 0,53 m2 (0,32-0,98 m2). Diagnosis of patient were tetralogi Fallot (5 subject), ventricular septal defect (3 subject), dan double outlet right ventricle (2 subject). This study using Bland-Altman analysis of cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography. Mean bias was 0,115 L/minute/m2 (95%CI -0,536 to 0,766) and limit of agreement was -3,616 to 3,846 L/minute/m2. Secondary outcome of this study was mean bias of stroke volume index 0,03 mL/m2 (95%CI -5,002 to 5,065) and limit of agreement was -28,822 to 28,885 mL/m2. Mean bias of LVOT diameter was -0,017 cm (95%CI -0,098 to 0,064) and limit of agreement was -0,285 to 0,251 cm. Mean bias of VTI was -2,991 cm (95%CI -4,670 to -1,311) and limit of agreement -12,616 to 6,635 cm.Conclusion: Cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography in children after open heart surgery has narrow mean bias and wide limit of agreement. Mean bias was narrower and good agreement in patient with low cardiac index."

"PENDAHULUANNodul dingin soliter kelenjar tiroid adalah nodul yang pada pemeriksaan sidik tiroid (scintigrafi) tidak atau kurang menangkap zat radioaktif dibandingkan jaringan tiroid sekitarnya ( 5 ). Apabila pada sidik tiroid dijumpai adanya nodul dingin yang soliter maka harus dilakukan penilaian lebih lanjut karena mempunyai peluang keganasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nodal-nodul lain yang terjadi pada Kelenjar tiroid (4, 0). Beberapa pemeriksaan dilakukan untuk menelusuri hal seperti biopsi terbuka, biopsi jarum besar, biopsy jarum halus, dan USG ( 4, 10, 20 ). Beberapa penulis telah melaporkan akurasi biopsi jarum halus dalam membedakan jinak dengan ganas. Waifish, dKK. mendapatkan antara 88% - 95% ( 20 ), Budisantoso R mendapatkan 100%, sedangkan Djoko Mulyanto mendapat lebih dari 70% (14). Pemeriksaan USG relatif merupakan pemeriksaan yang masih baru, tidak invasif dan tanpa persiapan. Makalah ini akan mengemukakan hasil pengamatan pemeriksaan USG pada nodul dingin soliter dihubungkan dengan gambaran histologiknya. "