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"Coupling power generation with syngas-based chemical synthesis according to the so-called ‘Polygeneration-Annex’ concept offers economic and technical benefits. Clemens Forman assesses the integration of incoming streams by the Annex plant from a power plant point of view across its full load range. Analyses are done by load-dependent flowsheet simulation. The pulverized lignite combustion power plant process is covered by two generic technical states: an existing 650 MW(el) power plant and a near future 1,100 MW(el) power plant with duo block design and dry lignite co-firing. Modeling comprises both the flue gas path and the water-steam circuit. Appropriate stream interfaces are identified and determined depending on the load status. The technical feasibility of integration can be proven."

"Pulverized Coal PC Boiler adalah bejana tertutup yang didalamnya terdapat proses pembakaran untuk mengubah air menjadi uap panas yang bertekanan tinggi yang dalam proses pembakarannya menggunakan bahan bakar batubara yang dihaluskan terlebih dahulu dan dialiri udara panas lalu dibakar pada burner Untuk meminimalisasi biaya operasional dibutuhkan efisiensi yang tinggi dari boiler Dengan memonitor emisi gas buang dari boiler efisiensi pembakaran dapat dikontrol untuk menghemat bahan bakar dan menurunkan pengeluaran biaya operasional Selain itu juga diperlukan adanya perhatian terhadap konsentrasi terbentuknya gas beracun seperti NOx dari proses pembakaran karena menyangkut aspek lingkungan Diharapkan dengan studi ini bisa diketahui apa saja yang mempengaruhi efisiensi pembakaran dari emisi gas buang dan juga diketahui karakteristik parameter parameter yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya NOx sehingga bisa ditemukan adanya rekomendasi untuk usaha peningkatan efisiensi pembakaran dan penekanan konsentrasi NOx yang terbentuk

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Pulverized Coal PC boiler is a closed vessel in which there is a combustion process to convert water into high pressure steam that in the combustion process using pulverized coal for fuel By monitoring the flue gas from boilers combustion efficiency can be controlled to save fuel and reduce operational expenses It also required to focus on the formation of NOx concentration of the combustion process as it involves environmental aspects Hopefully with this study it can be discovered anything that affects combustion efficiencyfrom theemissions and also known characteristic of parameters that affect the NOx formed so that can be found on any efforts to increase combustion efficiency and efforts to decrease NOx formed "

"This book brings together successful stories of deployment of synchrophasor technology in managing the power grid. The authors discuss experiences with large scale deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power systems across the world, enabling readers to take this technology into control center operations and develop good operational procedures to manage the grid better, with wide area visualization tools using PMU data."

"This book consists of the identification, characterization, and modeling of electromagnetic interferences in substations for the deployment of wireless sensor networks. The authors present in chapter 3 the measurement setup to record sequences of impulsive noise samples in the ISM band of interest. The setup can measure substation impulsive noise, in wide band, with enough samples per time window and enough precision to allow a statistical study of the noise. During the measurement campaign, the authors recorded around 120 noise sequences in different substations and for four ranges of equipment voltage, which are 25 kV, 230 kV, 315 kV and 735 kV. A characterization process is proposed, by which physical characteristics of partial discharge can be measured in terms of first- and second-order statistics. From the measurement campaign, the authors infer the characteristics of substation impulsive noise as a function of the substation equipment voltage, and can provide representative parameters for the four voltage ranges and for several existing impulsive noise models."

"A rapid increase in Sensor markets creates an optical sensor to be a best target for many researchers and scientists for their designing simplicity and easy implementation for a required task. Because of the breadth of optical bio applications, the challenges to design and functioning of an optical sensor for a particular task requires knowledge of optical, material, and environmental properties that affect sensor performance. This undergraduate thesis consists of experiments performed to develop a light intensity and power meter. This can be used to study the interaction between the optical signal and the target, the effect of the environment on propagation of the optical signal, methods to enhance the optical signal, and materials used to generate reliable optical source and to produce sensors with ultra high precision. In optical market several light meters are available to measure luminance values in lux or footcandles. These state of the art light meters measure only the luminance of the area on which the light fall, and displayed over LCD screen. The system designed by the author of this report after performing experiments, follows the state of the art calibration procedure, by taking advantage of the inverse power law that the photo detectors obey to provide user with best accuracy in power and light intensity measurement with graphical user interface. The system provide two parallel sensor data streams feed directly to microcontroller and graphic user interface over serial communication port, hence providing a user with capability to re-modify formulas and other parameters accordingly in GUI. This experiment uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) as a light sensor to build a light intensity and power meter. The instrument uses microcontroller "Arduino" Atmega32 chip with 10 bit ADC resolution as a data measurement processing centre. The results measured by data processing are displayed on LCD screen, and graph is plotted over GUI. With datasheet available on internet, few important parameters can be calculated such as speed response, working frequency, temperature effect and other losses for a microcontroller and sensor used in. The microcontroller is programmed to calculate and calibrate the input LDR value and display the calibrated data output over LCD screen. The system is also designed and programmed to provide serial communication interface for real time data plotting and data saving over various software like matlab, labview, excel, GUI etc."

"Hukum induksi faraday menyatakan bahwa besarnya ggl induksi di dalam rangkaian tertutup sama (kecuali tanda negatifnya) dengan kecepatan perubahan fluks magnet pada rangkaian tersebut. Dengan hukum ini maka ggl induksi dapat dibangkitkan setiap kali ada perubahan fluks magnet pada kumparan. Salah satu metode untuk menghasilkan perubahan fluks magnet pada kumparan adalah dengan menempatkan perisai magnetik di antara magnet dan kumparan. Perisai ini berfungsi untuk menahan dan melewatkan fluks magnet ke kumparan. Ketika ditahan, fluks magnet mengalir melalui perisai sehingga fluks magnet tidak dapat masuk ke kumparan. Ketika dilewatkan, fluks magnet tidak mengalir melalui perisai tetapi langsung menuju kumparan. Dengan cara ini perubahan fluks magnet pada kumparan dapat terjadi sehingga ggl induksi dapat dihasilkan.

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The faraday induction law states that voltage of emf induction in a circuit is proportional (except the minus sign) to the rate of change of the magnetic flux on those circuit. By this law, induced emf can be generated every time there is a change in magnetic flux in the coil. One methode for generating magnetic flux changing in the coil is by placing magnetic shield betwen the magnet dan coil. This shield serve to hold and release magnetic flux to the coil. When it hold, magnetic flux flow through the shield so that magnetic flux can not go into the coil. When it release, magnetic flux do not flow through the shield but direct to the coil. By this methode, magnetic flux change in the coil can be generated so that induced emf can be produced."

"ABSTRAKSebagai negara berkembang, di Indonesia pelaksanaan proyek untuk pembangunan sedang marak, salah satunya adalah proyek konstruksi bangunan industri. Dalam pelaksanaan proyek EPC bangunan industri yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan BUMN konstruksi di Indonesia masih sering dijumpai keterlambatan yang mengarahkan kepada buruknya performa proyek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengurangi keterlambatan pelaksanaan proyek EPC Industrial Plant. Evaluasi proyek dengan bantuan Microsoft Project dilakukan dalam penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai masalah yang menyebabkan keterlambatan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perbaikan proses baru dalam pelaksanaan proyek dengan menggunakan konsep dari business process reengineering dalam mencapai penurunan waktu dari pekerjaan mechanical engineering pada proyek. Hasil pemetaan dari perbaikan dengan bantuan Microsoft Project tersebut memberikan penurunan waktu pelaksanaan proyek hingga 64.

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ABSTRACTAs a Developing Country, many construction projects are being held in Indonesia, including construction projects for Industrial Plant. However, on the execution, many construction projects for industrial plant have suffered from schedule delays that results to the poor project performance. The purpose of this research is to reduce delays of Industrial Plant EPC Project. In order to solve the delay problem, a project and its delay problems are evaluated and a clear understanding of EPC project business process are studied in this research. This study resulted in new improved process of project execution with adopting business process reengineering concept to achieve time reduction in mechanical engineering task in the project. The results of the improvement shown using Microsoft Project give the most significant result in time reduction, with a percentage reduction up to 64."