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"This book covers newly developed and novel Steganography techniques and algorithms. The book outlines techniques to provide security to a variety of applications using Steganography, with the goal of both hindering an adversary from decoding a hidden message, and also preventing an adversary from suspecting the existence of covert communications. The book looks into applying these newly designed and improved algorithms to provide a new and efficient Steganographic system, called Characteristic Region-Based Image Steganography (CR-BIS). The algorithms combine both the robustness of the Speeded-Up Robust Features technique (SURF) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to achieve characteristic region Steganography synchronization. The book also touches on how to avoid hiding data in the whole image by dynamically selecting characteristic regions for the process of embedding. - Applies and discusses innovative techniques for hiding text in a digital image file or even using it as a key to the encryption;- Provides a variety of methods to achieve characteristic region Steganography synchronization;- Shows how Steganography improves upon cryptography by using obscurity features."

"Pada era ­big data saat ini, semua data dan informasi tersimpan dalam bentuk digital. Data dan informasi tersebut sangat rawan untuk dicuri, dirusak, atau dimanipulasi. Untuk itu, usaha pengamanan data dan informasi digital merupakan hal yang sangat penting dan mendesak. Lebih khusus lagi jika data dan informasinya bersifat rahasia atau terbatas. Terdapat dua jenis metode pengamanan data, yaitu kriptografi dan steganografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamankan citra digital grayscale ke dalam citra digital warna dengan melakukan teknik enkripsi berbasis chaos dan dilanjutkan dengan melakukan teknik penyisipan LSB. Dalam penelitian ini, fungsi chaos yang digunakan untuk membangkitkan keystream adalah MS map dan teknik penyisipan LSB yang digunakan adalah teknik penyisipan LSB-1, LSB-2, atau LSB-4. Barisan keystream yang dihasilkan oleh MS map terbukti acak dengan melakukan uji keacakan barisan kunci yang dikeluarkan oleh NIST. Sensitivitas kunci dari MS map mencapai 10-17. Ukuran ruang kunci sebesar 6,48 × 10643. Nilai PSNR antara citra awal dan citra terdekripsi adalah tak hingga, artinya teknik enkripsi yang digunakan merupakan teknik enkripsi dengan skema lossless. Nilai PSNR antara cover image dan stego image lebih besar atau sama dengan 40, artinya kualitas stego image yang dihasilkan cukup baik, yakni relatif sama dengan cover image jika dilihat oleh sistem penglihatan manusia.

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In this era of big data, all data and information are stored in digital form. The data and information are very vulnerable to being stolen, damaged, or manipulated. For this reason, efforts to secure digital data and information are very important and necessary. More specifically if the data and information are confidential or limited. There are two types of data security methods, namely cryptography and steganography. This study investigated to secure grayscale digital images into color digital images by performing chaos-based encryption techniques and followed by doing LSB insertion techniques. In this study, chaos function employed to generate keystream was MS map, and LSB insertion techniques employed were LSB-1, LSB-2, or LSB-4. The sequence of keystream generated by MS map has been proven to be random through testing the randomness of key sequences issued produced by NIST. The key sensitivity of the MS map reached 10^{-17. The size of the keyspace was 6,48 × 10643. The PSNR value between the original image and decrypted image was infinite, meaning that the encryption technique employed was an encryption technique with a lossless scheme. The PSNR value between the cover image and the stego image was more than or equals to 40, showed that the quality of the stego image produced was quite good, which was relatively the same as the cover image when viewed by the human visual system."}

"Two systems of bilinear interpolation were studied in deriving a procedure for transforming geo-referenced grid locations to locations on maps defined by digital image column and line coordinates. Map data were from 1:50,000 UTM topographic charts, where digital data were from SPOT satellite data processed to level 1b corrected for earth rotation and curvature and off-nadir viewing but without local control. Two independent data sets gave similar results. Procedures for collecting and alalyzing control data are presented and trial models are shown and discussed."

"This book offers an essential guide to Wireless Sensor Networks, IoT Security, Image Processing, Secure Information Systems, and Data Encryption. In addition, it introduces students and aspiring practitioners to the subject of destination marketing in a structured manner. It is chiefly intended for researcher students in the areas of Wireless Sensor Networks and Secure Data Communication (including image encryption, and intrusion detection systems), academics at universities and colleges, IT professionals, policymakers and legislators.Given its content, the book can be used as a reference text for both undergraduate and graduate studies, in courses on Wireless Sensor Networks, Secure Image Processing, and Data Encryption applications. The book is written in plain and easy-to-follow language and explains each main concept the first time it appears, helping readers with no prior background in the field. As such, it is a “must-read” guide to the subject matter."

"Salah satu penggunaan teknologi saat ini adalah menyimpan data dalam format digital. Terkadang data yang disimpan bersifat rahasia, sehingga diperlukan metode untuk menjaga kerahasiaannya. Dua metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menjaga kerahasiaan data adalah kriptografi dan steganografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat metode pengamanan teks digital dengan menyembunyikannya dalam gambar digital dengan menggunakan kriptografi dan steganografi. Metode kriptografi dan steganografi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbasis chaos dengan menggunakan fungsi chaos yang disebut MS Map dan teknik embedding yang disebut LSB dengan pola 3-3-2. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi yang disebut uji Institut Nasional Standar dan Teknologi (NIST), ditemukan bahwa urutan berisi nomor yang dihasilkan oleh MS Map lulus 15 tes dalam tes NIST sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa urutan itu acak. Selain itu, analisis ini memperoleh sensitivitas kunci hingga 10−15 dan ruang kunci 1.04976 × 101269. Kualitas gambar steganografi (disebut gambar stego) diukur dengan Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), dan koefisien korelasi. Nilai MSE yang dihasilkan mendekati 0 dengan maksimum 0,177153; nilai PSNR yang dihasilkan di atas 40 dB dengan minimum 55,647312 dB; sedangkan koefisien korelasi yang dihasilkan mendekati 1. Ini menunjukkan bahwa gambar stego tidak dapat dibedakan dengan gambar asli dalam tampilan biasa. Sedangkan untuk teks yang diekstraksi, kualitasnya diukur oleh perbedaan karakter dengan teks asli dan MSE. Nilai yang diperoleh untuk perbedaan karakter dan MSE adalah 0 yang menunjukkan bahwa teks yang diekstraksi sama dengan teks asli.

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One use of todays technology is storing data in digital format. Sometimes the data storedis confidential, so a method is needed to maintain its confidentiality. Two methods that can be used to maintain data confidentiality are cryptography and steganography. This research aims to make a method of securing digital text by hiding it in a digital image by using cryptography and steganography. The method of cryptography and steganography used in this research is chaos-based by using chaos function called MS Map and embedding technique called LSB with 3-3-2 pattern. By using an application called National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test, it is found that a sequence contains number generated by MS Map passed 15 tests in NIST test so it can be concluded that the sequenceis random. Furthermore, the analysis obtained key sensitivity up to 10-15and key space of 1,04976×101269. The quality of steganography image (called stego image) is measured by Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and correlation coefficient. The MSE values yielded areclose to 0 with a maximum of 0,177153; the PSNR values yielded are above 40dB with a minimum of 55,647312dB; while the correlation coefficients yielded are close to 1.This shows that the stego image cannot be distinguished with the original image in plain view. As forthe extracted text, its qualityis measured by the character difference with theoriginal text and MSE. The values obtained both for character difference and MSE are 0 which indicates that the extracted text is the same as the original text."

"This book is to presents and evaluates a way of modelling and optimizing nonlinear RFID Network Planning (RNP) problems using artificial intelligence techniques. It uses Artificial Neural Network models (ANN) to bind together the computational artificial intelligence algorithm with knowledge representation an efficient artificial intelligence paradigm to model and optimize RFID networks.This effort leads to proposing a novel artificial intelligence algorithm which has been named hybrid artificial intelligence optimization technique to perform optimization of RNP as a hard learning problem. This hybrid optimization technique consists of two different optimization phases. First phase is optimizing RNP by Redundant Antenna Elimination (RAE) algorithm and the second phase which completes RNP optimization process is Ring Probabilistic Logic Neural Networks (RPLNN).The hybrid paradigm is explored using a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) and the results are compared with well-known evolutionary optimization technique namely Genetic Algorithm (GA) to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture successfully."

"Citra digital merupakan salah satu jenis data yang sering digunakan sehingga perlu pengamanan yang memadai. Metode pengacakan nilai piksel atau penyisipan nilai piksel pada citra digital adalah metode yang banyak digunakan dalam pengamanan citra digital. Tetapi, mengacak nilai piksel menyebabkan citra digital menjadi citra acak tidak bermakna sehingga dapat menimbulkan kecurigaan pihak ketiga. Penelitian ini menggabungkan metode pengacakan dan penyisipan citra digital dengan alat 3D Cat Map dan Integer Wavelet Transform Haar dua dimensi yang merupakan modifikasi dari penelitian Kanso dan Ghebleh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan gabungan metode pengacakan dan penyisipan kemudian mengukur kinerja hasil simulasi secara kuantitatif. Pengukuran pembangun bilangan acak semu menggunakan 15 uji dari National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST dengan tingkat signifikansi menghasilkan pembangun bilangan acak semu yang dibuat dengan 3D Cat Map lolos 15 uji sehingga disimpulkan bilangan yang dihasilkan adalah bilangan yang acak. Pengukuran kualitas citra digital terenkripsi menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test KS Test dan nilai koefisien korelasi menghasilkan semua citra digital terenkripsi lolos KS Test dan memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi mendekati 0 sehingga dapat disimpulkan citra digital terenkripsi merupakan citra digital dengan nilai piksel yang berdistribusi seragam. Pengukuran kualitas stego image menggunakan Mean Square Error MSE , Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio PSNR , dan Structural Similarity SSIM menghasilkan semua stego image memiliki nilai MSE yang kecil mendekati 0, nilai PSNR minimal, dan nilai SSIM mendekati 1 sehingga dapat disimpulkan stego image tidak dapat dibedakan secara kasat mata dengan cover image.

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Digital image is one type of data that is often used so that need adequate security. The method of randomizing pixel values or insertion of pixel values in digital images is a widely used method of securing digital images. However, randomizing the pixel value causes the digital image to be a non meaningful random image that can lead to third party suspicion. This research combines methods of randomization and digital image insertion with 3D Cat Map and two dimensional Integer Wavelet Transform Haar which is a modification of method from Kanso and Ghebleh.

This study aims to implement a combination of randomization and insertion methods and then measure the performance of simulation results quantitatively. The measurement of a pseudo random number generator using 15 tests from the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST with a significance level of 0.01 resulted in a pseudo random number generator created with 3D Cat Map passing 15 tests so it was concluded that the resulting number is a random number.

Measurement of the quality of encrypted digital image using Kolmogorov Smirnov Test KS Test and correlation coefficient value resulting in all encrypted digital images pass KS Test and has correlation coefficient value close to 0 so it can be concluded encrypted digital image is digital image with pixel value which is uniformly distributed.

The measurement of stego image quality using Mean Square Error MSE , Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR , and Structural Similarity SSIM resulted in all stego images having small MSE values close to 0, PSNR values of at least 40.06, and SSIM values close to 1 so that it can be concluded that the stego image can rsquo t be distinguished visually from the cover image."

"Clustered Red Blood Cells are observed very frequently in the thin blood smear digital images. Separating clustered Red Blood Cells from the single Red Blood Cells and splitting of clustered Red Blood Cells into single Red Blood Cells is a challenging job in the computer-assisted diagnosis of blood for any disorder in many diseases like Complete Blood Count Test, Anemia, Leukemia and Malaria etc. The mentioned problems are highly laborious in manual microscopy for the hematologists. Many techniques currently existing for the solution suffer from both under- and over- splitting problems when highly complex clusters of Red Blood Cells occur. In addition, the existing techniques are not computationally efficient. In this paper, we address the aforementioned problems, firstly by considering the boundaries of the convex hulls of clustered Red Blood Cells and secondly, by splitting the boundaries according to the number of Red Blood Cells in relation to distance measures. Furthermore, we draw circles using a mid-point circle algorithm at each boundary cleavage to give an illusion of the Red Blood Cells. The test results of the proposed technique on a standard online dataset are presented in two ways. Statistically first of all by achieving an average recall of 0.964 and precision of 0.970 while their F-measure achieved is 0.962 as well as secondly through ground truth data with visual inspections."

"This volume presents the Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Green and Human Information Technology (ICGHIT), held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, Jan 31-Feb 2, 2018.ICGHIT is the unique global conference for researchers, industry professionals, and academics interested in the latest development of green and human information technology. Its broad scope ranges from electronics to communications, computers, multimedia and signal processing, control and intelligent systems, IC and convergence technologies, which are related to green and human issues such as energy saving and human welfare. Specially in this volume, ICGHIT covers state-of-the-art technologies for the 4th industrial revolution, for example, cyber security, big data and cloud service, smart medical system, machine learning and its applications."

"Pengamanan terhadap citra digital guna menghindari berbagai bentuk kejahatan dunia teknologi menjadi aspek yang sangat penting dan mendesak untuk diperhatikan. Salah satu teknik pengamanan yang sering digunakan adalah teknik kriptografi. Salah satu teknik kriptografi yang sedang berkembang saat ini adalah teknik kriptografi berbasis fungsi chaos. Fungsi chaos yang akan digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah skew tent map dengan dua proses yang akan dilakukan, yaitu proses permutasi dan difusi. Proses permutasi akan mengubah posisi piksel sedangkan proses difusi akan mengubah nilai piksel. Analisis hasil uji coba dilakukan dengan cara analisis waktu proses enkripsi dan dekripsi, analisis ruang kunci, analisis sensitivitas nilai kunci, koefisien korelasi antara plaintext dan chipertext, uji goodness of fit, dan uji NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology). Adapun hasil yang diperoleh yakni waktu proses enkripsi dan dekripsi hampir sama, ruang kuncinya mencapai 1030, sensitifitas kuncinya mencapai 10-16, koefisien korelasi antara plaintext dan chipertext mendekati nol, nilai-nilai piksel chipertext berdistribusi uniform, dan keystream yang digunakan acak. Sehingga hasil enkripsi dengan algoritma yang diusulkan dalam skripsi ini sulit untuk dipecahkan dengan serangan brute force dan known plaintext.

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Securing the digital image in order to avoid various forms of world's crime technology aspect is a very important issue and needs to be disscused. The security techniques which are often used are cryptography techniques. One of the cryptography techniques which is being developed today is cryptography technique based on chaos function. Chaos function, which is used on this research, is the skew tent map with two processes applied, the permutation and diffusion processes. Permutation process will change the position of pixels while the diffusion process will change the value of pixels.

Test Analysis results are done by encryption and decryption time analysis, key space analysis, key value sensitivity analysis, correlation coefficient between plaintext and chipertext, the goodness of fit test, and the NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) test.

The results are encryption and decryption time are almost same, the key space reach 1030, the key value sensitivity reach 10-16, correlation coefficient between plaintext and chipertext near to zero, the ciphertext pixel values distributed uniformly and keystream which is randomly used. So the result of this proposed encryption algorithm is difficult to be solved with brute force attack and known plaintext attack."