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"The Indonesian government adopted mineral export taxes by imposing a high tariff on raw materials while waiving tariffs on processed products. Tariffs decreased following the progress of refinery plant construction. Based on the fixed effects panel regression at the commodity-country-pair level, this study finds that the export taxes system negatively reduces raw material export while increasing processed mineral export. Tariff stratification on mineral commodities distorts trade patterns, affecting business orientation in upstream and downstream sectors. Furthermore, tier tariff significantly elevates the export quantity of downstream products compared to flat export taxes, directly proportional to export value. Export contraction of raw materials resulted from tier tariff slightly lower than the flat type but with a higher exports performance of processed products. The shifting phenomena to the value-added industry indicate an effort for export taxes evasion. This finding is reinforced by the massive investment inflow in the mineral processing sector. Meanwhile, the exporter manufacturing industry positively correlates with the export performance of processed products and a negative direction with raw material, which aligns with the main finding."

"Dalam meningkatkan nilai tambah pengolahan mineral, pemerintah menyusun kebijakan melalui Undang Undang No. 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara yang kemudian ditindaklanjuti melalui Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 1 tahun 2014 tentang Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Mineral Melalui Kegiatan Pengolahan dan Pemurnian Mineral di dalam negeri. Tanggapan yang mendukung pengolahan minerba (Mineral dan Batubara) dalam negeri adalah untuk memperkuat industri dalam negeri dengan alasan bahwa industri nasional membutuhkan ketersediaan bahan baku secara berkelanjutan. Tanggapan yang masih mendukung ekspor minerba mentah memiliki alasan bahwa industri dalam negeri belum mampu menyerap seluruh pertambangan mineral. Kebijakan larangan ekspor mineral mentah diikuti oleh kewajiban pembangunan smelter untuk pengolahan/pemurnian mineral mentah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji dampak kebijakan larangan ekspor mineral mentah dan pembangunan smelter terhadap output dan pendapatan masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis input-output yang dimutakhirkan dengan teknik RAS tahun 2014 pada tabel input-output Indonesia tahun 2010. Pembangunan smelter dipandang sebagai investasi terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 4 (empat simulasi) yaitu: (1) penurunan ekspor 100% dan investasi sesuai target 100%; (2) penurunan ekspor 100% dan investasi aktual; (3) penurunan ekspor aktual dan invetasi 100% dan (4) perubahan ekspor aktual dan investasi aktual. Nilai 100 % ekspor adalah ekspor 2014-2016 dan ekspor aktual selisih ekspor tahun 2013-2014, tahun 2014-2015 dan tahun 2015-2016. Investasi 100% adalah investasi pembangunan smelter selama tahun 2014-2016 baik yang sudah beroperasi dan belum beroperasi, dan investasi aktual adalah smelter yang beroperasi. Dampak simulasi I menyebabkan output naik Rp20,191,766 juta dan pendapatan naik Rp2,045,980 juta. Dampak Simulasi II menyebabkan output turun Rp131,373,464 juta dan pendapatan turun Rp19,053,229 juta; dampak simulasi III menyebabkan output naik Rp34,447,700 juta dan pendapatan turun Rp6,496,011 juta; serta dampak simulasi IV menyebabkan output turun Rp117,117,531 juta dan pendapatan turun Rp27,595,220 juta.

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In increasing the added value of mineral processing, the government prepares the policy through Law no. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining which is then followed up through Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 1 of 2014 on Increasing Mineral Added Value through Mineral Processing and Purification Activities in the country. The response that supports the domestic minerals (Coal and Coal) processing is to strengthen the domestic industry on the grounds that national industries need sustainable supply of raw materials. Responses that still support the export of raw minerba have a reason that the domestic industry has not been able to absorb all mineral mining. The policy on the prohibition of raw mineral exports is followed by the obligation of smelter development for processing / refining of crude minerals. This study was conducted to examine the impact of the policy on the prohibition of raw mineral exports and smelter development on the output and income of Indonesians. This research uses an updated input-output analysis method with RAS technique of 2014 in Indonesian input- output table in 2010. The development of smelter is seen as investment to Indonesian economy. In this research there are 4 (four simulation) that is: (1) 100% export decrease and investment target 100%; (2) 100% export decline and actual investment; (3) actual export decline and 100% investment and (4) actual export changes and actual investment. The value of 100% of exports is export from 2014-2016 and actual export exports in 2013-2014, 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. 100% investment is a smelter development investment during the year 2014-2016 both already operating and not yet operating, and actual investment is the smelter that operates. The impact of simulation I caused the output to rise Rp20,191,766 million and income increased Rp2,045,980 million. Simulation Impact II caused output to fall by Rp131,373,464 million and revenue decreased Rp19,053,229 million; The impact of simulation III caused the output to rise Rp34,447,700 million and revenue decreased Rp6,496,011 million; As well as the impact of the IV simulation caused the output to fall Rp117,117,531 million and the income down Rp27,595,220 million."

"Perusahaan bahan baku farmasi Indonesia mempunyai posisi penting dalam rantai pasok produk obat, karena 90-95% bahan baku farmasi masih diimpor. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk mengukur kemampuan perusahaan bahan baku farmasi di Indonesia dalam menjaga rantai pasokannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai dan menganalisis dampak External Integration (EI), Supply Chain Agility (SCA), dan Supply Chain Innovativeness (SCI) terhadap keunggulan kompetitif (KK). Penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi peran mediasi SCA dan SCI dalam hubungan antara EI dan KK. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang melibatkan 84 perusahaan bahan baku farmasi dengan partial-least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) sebagai alat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EI memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap SCA, SCI, dan KK. Hasil temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa SCA berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap KK. Selain itu, SCA memainkan peran mediasi dalam korelasi antara EI dan KK. Namun, dampak SCI terhadap KK, dan peran mediasinya, tidak didukung dengan data. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan EI dan SCA mempunyai peran penting dalam meningkatkan KK perusahaan bahan baku farmasi di Indonesia.

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Indonesian pharmaceutical raw material companies have an important position in the supply chain of drug products because 90-95% of pharmaceutical raw materials are still imported. Therefore, it is very important to measure the ability of pharmaceutical raw material companies to maintain the pharmaceutical supply chain in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to evaluate and examine the impact of External Integration (EI), Supply Chain Agility (SCA), and Supply Chain Innovativeness (SCI) on competitive advantage (KK). This study also explored the mediation role of SCA and SCI in the relationship between EI and KK. This study involved 84 Pharmaceutical raw material companies and used quantitative method with partial-least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as the analysis tool. The results showed that EI had a positive and significant effect on SCA, SCI, and KK. Furthermore, the findings indicated that SCA positively and significantly influenced KK. Additionally, SCA played a mediating role in the correlation between EI and KK. However, the effect of SCI on KK and its mediating role were not supported by the data. This indicates that the capabilities of EI and SCA play an important role in improving the KK of pharmaceutical raw material companies in Indonesia. "

"Pada 5 tahun terakhir, permintaan kemasan fleksibel mengalami pertumbuhan rata-rata sebesar 10 tiap tahunnya yang diikuti dengan munculnya pemain baru yang menyebabkan persaingan di industri kemasan fleksibel semakin ketat, sehingga muncul tantangan besar yang dihadapi perusahaan kemasan fleksibel di Indonesia, yaitu bagaimana perusahaan dapat mengefisiensikan biaya operasinya agar dapat bersaing. Salah satu cara mengefisiensikan biaya operasi adalah dengan melakukan manajemen persediaan yang baik dengan memperhatikan komponen biaya persediaan untuk didapat keputusan kuantitas Q dan waktu pesan T sehingga didapat total biaya persediaan minimal. Manajemen persediaan merupakan tema dalam penelitian ini dengan objek penelitian yaitu salah satu perusahaan kemasan fleksibel di Cikarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah klasifikasi ABC untuk menentukan tingkat kepentingan bahan baku dan Mixed Integer Linear Programming MILP untuk mendapatkan total biaya persediaan minimal. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat 31 bahan baku yang masuk ke dalam kategori A dari 230 bahan baku di perusahaan, diperoleh jumlah kuantitas pesan Q bahan baku, lead time kedatangan bahan baku T , dan total biaya persediaan 31 bahan baku klasifikasi A, serta diperoleh faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi besar total biaya persediaan, yaitu biaya simpan, biaya pesan, demand, dan jumlah persediaan pengaman.

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In the last 5 years, flexible packaging demand grow 10 per year in average and followed by the emergence of new players that cause competition in the flexible packaging industry getting tighter, so that there is big challenge that faced by flexible packaging companies in Indonesia, that is how companies can has efficient operating cost in order to compete. One of the way to efficient operating cost is manage inventory well by taking into account the components of the inventory cost for obtaining quantity decisions Q and order time T to obtain the minimum total inventory cost.

Inventory management is theme of this research with the object of the research is one of the flexible packaging company in Cikarang. The method that used in this research is ABC classification to determine the importance of raw materials and Mixed Integer Linear Programming MILP to get the minimum total inventory cost.

The results of this research are 31 raw materials that categorized as category A from 230 raw materials in the company, obtained quantity of order Q of raw material, arrival lead time of raw material T , and total inventory cost of 31 raw materials from classification A, as well as obtained any factors that affect total inventory cost, that are holding cost, order cost, demand, and number of safety stock."

"Setiap perusahaan yang berorientasi keuntungan maupun publik pasti memikirkan tata kelola perusahaan pada setiap proses bisnis nya. Tidak berbeda dengan perusahaan yang memiliki inti bisnis pada produksi makanan dan minuman, sudah barang tentu harus memiliki tingat kefokusan dalam menjamin kualitas mutu serta terjaminnya keamanan bahan baku pada makanan dan minuman yang akan disajikan kepada konsumen. Dalam mencegah risiko yang mungkin timbul dikemudian hari, terdapat pedoman atau sebuat konsep dalam mencari titik kritis pada alur produksi penjagaan kualitas mutu bahan baku makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan dalam menganalisis hasil penerapan konsep sistem HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) pada restaurant steak ala Indonesia, Abuba Steak, yang bernaung dibawah PT Abuba. Dimana PT Abuba akan melakukan sertifikasi standard kualitas mutu sesuai HACCP. Penerapan konsep yang berfokus pada penerapan penjagaan kualitas bahan baku yang dihasilkan melalui uji cemara fisik, kimia, dan mikrobiologis. Penelitian yang dilakukan berjenis deskriptif dengan metode observasi secara langsung ke Lapangan (Central Production PT Abuba). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa implementasi penerapan HACCP yang belum dilakukan, seperti halnya titik kritis yang seharusnya sudah ditentukan dalam SOP (Standar Operasional Prosedur) belum dijabarkan secara lengkap. Begitu pula penerapan prinsip HACCP lainnya yang harus dilakukan Central Production dalam sertifikasi HACCP.

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Every profit-oriented and public company must think about corporate governance in every business process. It’s not different from companies that have a core business on the production of food and beverages, of course, must have a focus on ensuring the quality and guaranteed of raw materials on food and beverages to be served to consumers. In preventing risks that may arise in the future, there is a guideline or a concept in search for a critical point in the production flow of quality care of food raw materials quality. This study aims to analyze the results of HACCP system concept (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) in Indonesian steak restaurant, Abuba Steak, under PT Abuba. Where PT Abuba will perform quality standard certification according to HACCP. Implementation of a concept that focuses on the application of raw material quality guarding through physical, chemical, and microbiological test. Research conducted descriptive type with the method of observation directly to the field (Central Production PT Abuba). The results show that there are several implementation of HACCP that has not been done yet, just like the critical point that should have been determined in SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) has not been fully described. Similarly, the application of other HACCP principles that Central Production should take in HACCP certification."

"Ganoderma lucidum (hereafter G. lucidum) has been known as a food and raw material used in the development of medications because of its high content of polysaccharides, or ?-glucans, which support the immune function. In this work, subcritical water was applied to utilize G. lucidum for the extraction of polysaccharides at temperatures of 373–463K and a pressure level of 4.0 MPa using a semi-batch system. Furthermore, these extracts were atomized and contacted with hot air to produce microsphere particles. During extraction, thermal softening of G. lucidum occurred, allowing the removal of the polysaccharides and protecting other constituents in G. lucidum via hydrolysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the microsphere particles formed were spherical and dimpled or shriveled particles with diameters varying from 1 to 6 ?m. Characteristics of the molecular mass revealed that main massed peaks of water soluble products were distributed at around 688–2636 m/z with a peak-to-peak mass difference of 162 m/z, consistent with the repeating unit of the glucans."

"Kegiatan pengadaan bahan baku merupakan salah satu bagian yang memiliki peran strategis dalam kesuksesan alur rantai pasok perusahaan manufaktur. Apabila kegiatan pengadaan berjalan dengan baik, maka produk yang dihasilkan baik pula dari segi ketepatan waktu maupun kesesuaian dengan keinginan pelanggan. PT. Samudra Montaz Packaging Industries merupakan salah satu perusahaan swasta yang bergerak dalam bisnis kemasan fleksibel. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada perusahaan ini terkait dengan kegiatan pengadaan adalah seringnya terjadi retur bahan baku yang diberikan oleh pemasok akibat kualitas yang tidak sesuai dengan kesepakatan awal dengan perusahaan. Selain itu, beberapa pemasok tidak menerapkan kebijakan klaim sehingga kerugian produksi ditanggung sepenuhnya oleh perusahaan. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan strategi pengadaan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi perusahaan. Dalam hal ini, penentuan strategi pengadaan akan didasarkan pada posisi titik koordinat dari sembilan bahan baku yang diteliti pada keempat kuadran dari Kraljics Portofolio Matrix yang terdiri atas dimensi supply risk dan profit impact. Menggunakan metode AHP, dilakukan penentuan bobot dari setiap kriteria; dan metode TOPSIS untuk menentukan titik koordinat dari setiap bahan baku berdasarkan pada nilai relative closeness C. Hasil pemetaan bahan baku pada Kraljic's Portofolio Matrix menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua bahan baku pada kuadran non-critical item, satu bahan baku pada kuadran leverage item, satu bahan baku pada kuadran bottleneck item dan terakhir, terdapat lima bahan baku pada kuadran strategic item. Kemudian didapatkan bahwa bahan baku tinta merupakan bahan baku yang paling kritis sehingga dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut pada strategi pengadaan untuk bahan baku ini yaitu dengan membuat action plan pada pembuatan kontrak dengan pemasok bahan baku tinta.

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Procurement activities of raw materials is one part that has a strategic role in the success of the supply chain in manufacturing companies. If the procurement activities run well, then the resulting product is also good in terms of timeliness and conformity with customer desires. PT. Samudra Montaz Packaging Industries is one of the private companies engaged in flexible packaging business. Problems that occur in this company related to procurement activities is often the return of raw materials supplied by the supplier due to quality that is not in accordance with the initial agreement with the company. In addition, some suppliers do not impose a claim policy so that production losses are borne entirely by the company.

Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the procurement strategy to overcome the problems faced by the company. In this case, the determination of procurement strategy will be based on the coordinate point position of the nine raw materials studied in the four quadrants of Kraljic' s Portfolio Matrix consisting of supply risk and profit impact dimensions. Using AHP method, determining the weight of each criterion and TOPSIS method to determine the coordinate point of each raw material based on the value of relative closeness C.

The result of raw material mapping on Kraljic's Portfolio Matrix shows that there are two raw materials in the non critical item quadrant, one raw material in the leverage quadrant item, one raw material in the quadrant bottleneck item and lastly, there are five raw materials in the strategic item quadrant. Then it was found that the raw material of ink is the most critical raw material so that further analysis on the procurement strategy for this raw material is by making an action plan on contracting with the supplier of ink. "

"Di Indonesia, sampai 5 Desember 2022 kasus Gangguan Ginjal Akut Progresif Atipikal pada anak (GGAPA) diduga akibat intoksikasi EG/DEG terdapat 324 kasus. Akar permasalahan dari kasus EG/DEG tersebut diimplikasikan dengan beberapa kelalaian, yaitu industri farmasi tidak melakukan uji identifikasi secara lengkap khususnya verifikasi kemurnian terhadap raw material gliserin sebagai pelarut. Menindaklanjuti kasus tersebut, WHO menegaskan kembali kepada pemegang otoritas seperti industri farmasi dan BPOM. Industri farmasi wajib menggunakan bahan baku pharmaceutical grade dari suplier dengan lisensi resmi, serta pengujian bahan baku harus dilakukan secara hati-hati. Project Gap Analisis dipilihkan oleh QC Supervisor berkoordinasi dengan bagian TS. Penulis sudah meminta izin untuk mencantumkan beberapa data Fonko ke dalam laporan ini. Gap analisis spesifikasi diketahui terdapat 1 jenis API yang sudah OK, yaitu Oxaliplatin dan 17 jenis API yang NOK. Gap analisis spesifikasi diketahui terdapat 3 jenis excipient yang sudah OK dan 10 jenis excipient yang NOK. Gap analisis spesifikasi diketahui terdapat 3 jenis finished product yang sudah OK dan 26 jenis finished product yang NOK. Gap analisis metode pengujian diketahui 7 jenis API, 4 jenis excipient, dan 11 jenis finished product yang belum memiliki monografi di FI VI.

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In Indonesia, as of December 5th 2022, there were 324 cases of Acute Kidney Disease caused by EG/DEG intoxication. The EG/DEG intoxication cases were implicated as the pharmaceutical industry did not carry out complete identification tests, especially verification of the purity of the raw material glycerin as a solvent. Following up on this case, WHO reiterated this to the pharmaceutical industry and BPOM. The pharmaceutical industry is obliged to use pharmaceutical grade raw materials from suppliers with official licenses, and raw material testing must be carried out carefully. The Gap Analysis Project wass selected by the QC Supervisor in coordination with the TS department. The author has requested permission to include some Fonko’s data in this report. Gap analysis of specifications revealed that there was 1 type of API that was OK, namely Oxaliplatin and 17 types of API that were NOK. Gap analysis of specifications shows that there are 3 types of excipient that are OK and 10 types of excipient that are NOK. Gap analysis of specifications shows that there are 3 types of finished products that are OK and 26 types of finished products that are NOK. The gap analysis of testing methods identified 7 types of API, 4 types of excipient, and 11 types of finished products that do not yet have monographs in FI VI."

"Indonesia saat ini sedang menuju transisi ekonomi rendah karbon, salah satunya dalam mendukung kebijakan tersebut Pemerintah melalui Perpres No 55 Tahun 2019 mengeluarkan Program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai. Dalam mendukung program tersebut Pemerintah telah mempunyai kebijakan peningkatan nilai tambah mineral atau hilirisasi yang sudah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2009 agar produksi baterai listrik kendaraan bermotor dapat diproduksi di dalam negeri sehingga industri tersebut mempunyai nilai tambah yang akan berpengaruh pada pembangunan berkelanjutan di sektor tersebut. Terdapat 3 kriteria permasalahan yang dapat mempengaruhi kebijakan hilirisasi mineral sehingga dapat menghambat dampak pembangunan berkelanjutan dari industri bahan baku baterai kendaraan listrik, yaitu ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan hidup. Dalam penelitian ini metode AHP digunakan untuk menentukan urutan prioritas permasalahan dan alternatif solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan multi kriteria yang kompleks menjadi suatu hirarki. Dari hasil analisis AHP diperoleh kesimpulan untuk mengatasi permasalahan hilirisasi 1. Perbaikan Tata Kelola Pertambangan dan Industri Antara serta Hilir Mineral Nasional (51%), 2. Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Pengembangan Teknologi (31%), dan Ketersediaan dan Kualitas Data Sistem Informasi (18%).

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Indonesia is currently heading for a low-carbon economy transition, one of which supports this policy. Through Presidential Decree No. 55 of 2019, the Government issued the Battery-Based Electric Motor Vehicle Program. In support of this program, the Government has a policy of Increasing mineral added value or downstream program implemented since 2009 so that the production of electric vehicle batteries can be produced domestically so that the industry has added value that will affect sustainable development in the sector. There are three criteria for problems affecting mineral downstream policies to inhibit sustainable development from the electric vehicle battery raw material industry: economic, social, and Environmental. In this study, the Analytical Hierarchy Process method determines the priority order of alternative solutions to solve complex multicriteria Problems into a hierarchy. From the results of the Analytical Hierarchy Process analysis, it was concluded that to overcome downstream problems, first is Improving the Governance of Mining and National Intermediate and Downstream Industries (51%), second is Infrastructure Development and Technology Development (31%), and third is Improving Information System Data Availability and Quality (18%)."

"Pekerja anak dan partisipasi sekolah dapat berubah melalui pemintaan dan penawaran pekerja saat peningkatan permintaan komoditas. Peningkatan permintaan global terhadap kelapa sawit mendorong perhatian international terkait pekerja anak di sektor kelapa sawit Indonesia. Kami menggunakan estimasi difference-in-difference untuk dua periode waktu data dari SUSENAS di tahun 2002 dan 2010 pada tingkat kabupaten menggunakan peningkatan permintaan secara global dan kecocokan pengolahan lahan kelapa sawit sebagai exogenous treatment. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa peningkatan permintaan kelapa sawit meningkatkan pekerja anak sebesar 1,44% dan mengurangi partisipasi sekolah sebanyak 1.85% di kabupten yang menghasilkan kelapa sawit di atas batas estimasi kesesuaian perhitungan kelapa sawit yang dapat diolah (suitability cultivation) dibandingkan kabupaten yang menghasilkan kelapa sawit di bawah batas tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah Indonesia harus berkomitmen untuk mengurangi tingkat pekerja anak di kabupaten penghasil kelapa sawit dengan meningkatkan pengawasan tenaga kerja secara langsung dan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas sekolah-sekolah di daerah-daerah penghasil kelapa sawit.

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Child labour and schooling can be changed through the demand and labour supply of a booming commodity. The increased global demand for palm oil put another international attention on the increased child labour incidence in the Indonesia palm oil sector. We estimate difference-in-difference estimation for two period data of SUSENAS in 2002 and 2010 on district level using increasing global demand and suitability cultivation as the exogenous treatments. This paper's findings suggest that the palm oil boom increased child labour by 1.44% and reduced schooling as much as 1.85% on average in the district above the suitability of palm oil cultivation than those below the median. Therefore, the Indonesian government should commit to eradicating child labour incidence in palm oil areas by improving labour control and increasing the number and quality of schools."