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"Teacher has an important role in teaching and learning process. We can appreciate that a teacher will success in playing their role when their students get knowledge and have good character. Related to the problem, a teacher should improve herself both knowledge about teaching skill and character. One of the way is group descussion. The effectivity of teacher's group discussion can implied in teaching and learning process. And it influences student's characters."

"Sejak pertengahan 1970-an, banyak bermunculan penelitian empiris yang membahas anomali-anomali imbal hasil saham. Salah satunya adalah hadirnya imbal hasil yang tinggi sebelum hari libur. imbal hasil indeks saham di pasar modal U.S. telah diteliti oleh praktisi keuangan selama periode waktu tertentu seperti yang dilakukan oleh Merrill (1965) yang menemukan adanya ketidakproporsionalan Dow .Zones Industrial Average periode perdagangan sebelum hari libur selama periode waktu 1897 hingga 1965 sedangkan Fosback (1976) juga melaporkan imbal basil sehari sebelum hari libur yang tinggi pada index S&P 500. Fenomena holiday effect ini kemudian diteliti lebih lanjut oleh para akademisi lainnya seperti Lakonishok & Smidt (1988), Pettengill (1989), dan Ariel (1990) yang melaporkan imbal hasil yang lebih tinggi selama masa waktu perdagangan pada saat sebelum hari libur, yang diteliti di pasar modal Amerika, sedangkan penelitian Cadsby & Ratner (1992) dilakukan di pasar modal U.K, Kanada, Jarman Barat, Swiss dan Australia juga menunjukkan terjadinya fenomena yang sama, meskipun di setiap negara memiliki hari libur dan pengaturan pasar yang berbeda. Di Indonesia sendiri, indeks harga saham gabungan (IHSG) pada perdagangan terakhir menjelang libur panjang 24-28 November 2003 Idul Fitri 1424 H, naik 11,279 poin pads level 617,084, atau naik 1,86 persen, sedangkan indeks LQ 45 naik 2,465 poin pads level 135,768, Jakarta Islamic Index (II) naik 1,849 poin pads level 102,845, Indeks Papan Utama (MBX) naik 3,589 poin pada level 163,993 serta Indeks Pagan Pengembangan (DBX) naik 1,704 poin pada level 146,403.Berdasarkan latar belakang itulah, penulis mengadakan penelitian di bursa efek Jakarta yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terjadi anomali holiday effect terhadap imbal hasil saham di bursa efek Jakarta (BEJ). Agar lebih terfokus dan menjurus maka holiday effect dalam penelitian kali ini akan mengambil hari libur nasional. Apabila terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara imbal hasil rata-rata untuk preholiday dan other day, maka terbukti bahwa di BEJ juga terjadi holiday effect. Selanjutnya penelitian ini juga sekaligus untuk melihat apakah pasar modal BEJ telah efisien sesuai dengan hipotesa pasar efisien. Menariknya dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan dua metodologi untuk menguji keberadaan fenomena ini. Penggunaan regresi berganda dengan variabel babas boneka akan diperkuat hasil penelitiannya dengan menggunakan uji sampel independen agar di dapat basil penelitian yang meyakinkan. Dengan menggunakan indeks LQ-45 ternyata hasil yang didapat jauh berbeda. Pengujian yang dilakukan tidak memberikan indikasi bahwa return dipengaruhi oleh preferensi hari sebelum hari libur nasional atau sesudah hari libur nasional terhadap hari perdagangan biasa. Perbandingan itu juga dilakukan terhadap mean return dan variansnya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan baik pada mean return maupun varians antara return sebelum hari Lour nasional dan mean return sesudah hari libur nasional terhadap hari perdagangan biasa.

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Since the mid-1970s, there has been an explosion of empirical studies documenting anomalous regularities in security rates of return. One of the empirical findings reported is the presence of abnormally high stock returns on the day before holidays. Abnormal preholiday returns on U.S. stocks have been documented by finance practitioners for a long period of time, Merrill (1965) finds disproportionate advances of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DMA) on the trading day prior to the holidays for the period from 1897 to 1965. Fosback (1976) reports high preholiday returns in the S&P 500. Recently has the holiday effect been investigated in the academic literature by Lakonishok and Smidt (1988), Pettengill (1989), and Ariel (1990). In his comprehensive analysis of the holiday effect, Ariel (1990) documents that the average preholiday return is higher than the mean return on the remaining days. He also reports that the high preholiday returns are not a manifestation of other calendar anomalies. While Cadsby & Ratner (1992) also finds that on other stocks market such as in U.K, Canada, West Germany, Swiss and Australia reports the holiday effect eventhough these institusional factors are different across countries. Index Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) on the final trading days before Idul Fitri 1424 H holidays on November 24-28, 2003, raises 11.279 point on the level 617.084, or 1.86 percent increased, while index LQ 45 raises 2.465 point on the level 135.768, Jakarta Islamic Index (M) raises L849 point on the level 102.845, Indeks Papan Utama (MBX) raises 3.589 point on the level 161993 and Indeks Papan Pengembangan (DBX) raises 1.704 point on the Ievel 146.401

According to those empirical results, I conduct research holiday effect on stocks market in Jakarta (BEJ). Defining holidays are all national holidays on Indonesia Calendar. When there are some significant differences between preholiday mean return or postholiday mean return and other day, so that it documents that BEJ experiences holiday effect. This research also shows that whether this stocks market follows market efficient hypothesis weak form. The differences between other research, It uses dummy multiple regression that uses dummy variable to explain those phenomena. If the coefficient for each dummy variable is significant, it finds that there is holiday effect on BEJ or there is significant different between mean return pre or post holiday and other days. By using LQ-45 index, it uses, to confirm this result, another methodology. It uses independence sample test to compare between mean return preholiday and other days, the same tools is used to test mean return post holidays. The final result is that there is no any differences mean return between pre holiday or post holiday and other trading days in another word BEJ does not experience holiday effect, it means that BEJ follows efficient market hypothesis weak form."

"this article aims at describing the essay, how to compose them, and how to use scoring rubric or scoring criteria in assessing the students answers. there are some advantages and disadvantages of these tests. the main advantage because of its function to know about testee's competences in higher level thinking, such as: to analyze, to interpret, to sinthesize, to evaluate, and to predict something. this test is also effective in assessing complex learning outcomes, relatively easy to construct, and guessing is eliminated on the contrary it is difficult to be scored objectively because there is no common set of criteria for all students in essay tests, scores are as unreliable, well as effect or personal judgement, which can be catagorized as the disadvantages of essay test. to prevent the disadvantages, evaluates may use "the guidelines for writing clear essay questions "such as using keywords to specify thinking process, stating requirements clearly, indicate response length expected, setting time limits, and giving weights to questions. evaluators can also make scoring rubric to assess students answers to avoid unreliabilities."

"ABSTRAK Jurnal yang memfokuskan pada tulisan berapa penelitian interseksibidang ilmu sain, teknologi, seni, dan ilmu kemanusian serta implikasi sains teknologi dan seni terhadap kehidupan masyarakat"