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"This paper looks at the nature of data for lexicography and in particular on the central role that electronic corpora can play in providing it. Data has traditionally come from existing dictionaries, citations, and from the lexicographer’s own knowledge of words, through introspection. Each of these is examined and evaluated. Then the electronic corpus is considered. Different kinds of corpora are described and key design criteria are explained, in particular the size of corpus needed for lexicography as well as the issue of representativeness and sampling. The advantages and disadvantages of corpora are weighed and compared against the other types of data. While each of these has benefits, it is argued that corpora are a requirement, not an option, as data for dictionary making."

"This paper looks at the nature of data for lexicography and in particular on the central role that electronic corpora can play in providing it. Data has traditionally come from existing dictionaries, citations, and from the lexicographer?s own knowledge of words, through introspection. Each of these is examined and evaluated. Then the electronic corpus is considered. Different kinds of corpora are described and key design criteria are explained, in particular the size of corpus needed for lexicography as well as the issue of representativeness and sampling. The advantages and disadvantages of corpora are weighed and compared against the other types of data. While each of these has benefits, it is argued that corpora are a requirement, not an option, as data for dictionary making."

"Salah satu dampak ikutan dari gempabumi adalah likuifaksi. Likuifaksi merupakan peristiwa hilangnya kekuatan tanah akibat getaran gempabumi. Gempabumi M 7.7 pada 28 September 2018 di Palu-Donggala bukan hanya disertai tsunami dan aftershock, namun juga disusul adanya likuifaksi di Balaroa dan Petobo sehingga menyebabkan banyak korban jiwa. Fenomena likuifaksi dapat diteliti dengan melakukan identifikasi dan interpretasi struktur bawah permukaan. Salah satu metode untuk mengetahui struktur bawah permukaan adalah metode gaya berat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi bawah permukaan dengan pemodelan inversi 3D pada lokasi 119.6‒ 120.2 BT dan 0.6-1.2 LS berdasarkan data gayaberat. Data gayaberat yang digunakan bersumber dari satelit Global Gravity Model plus (GGMplus) dan hasil pengukuran lapangan oleh Badan Geologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan data satelit, nilai Anomali Bouguer di Sulawesi tengah berkisar antara -50 hingga 130 mGal.Selain itu, hasil pemodelan inversi 3D bawah permukaan menunjukkan adanya kontras densitas rendah di sekitar wilayah Kota Palu, Balaroa, dan Petobo dengan nilai -0.055 hingga -0.05 gram/cm3 dimana kedalaman densitas rendah ini sudah teridentifikasi sejak 0-125 meter di bawah permukaan dan semakin ke selatan semakin dalam. Kontras densitas rendah ini sesuai dengan kondisi geologi wilayah Palu yang didominasi lapisan Sedimen yang mampu menyimpan cairan dan menjadi faktor penyebab likuifaksi

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Liquefaction is one of the effects following an earthquake, it is the soil strength loss due to the vibration of an earthquake. The earthquake which struck with a 7.7 magnitude on 28 September 2018 in Donggala and Palu, Sulawesi caused a series of disastrous eventsincluding a tsunami and aftershock liquefaction in Balaroa and Petobo, causing many casualties. The liquefaction can be investigated and possibly predicted by identifying and interpreting the subsurface structures. This paper identifies the geological structures in the subsurface using the gravity method. The study was carried out by 3D inversion modelling at locations 119.6‒ 120.2 BT and 0.6-1.2 LS based on gravity data. The gravity data was gained from Global Gravity Model plus (GGMplus) and the field measurement from the Geological Agency. The study from satellite and the Bouguer anomaly in the Central Sulawesi show that it has gravity of -50 to 130 mGal. The 3D inversion model of the subsurface shows low density contrast around the areas of Palu, Balaroa, and Petobo with values of -0.055 to -0.05 gram/cm3 where these low density depths have been identified from 0-125 meters below the surface and even deeper to the southern part of the study area. This low density contrast is in accordance with the geological conditions of the Palu which is dominated by porous sediment layers which are capable of storing fluids that are the main factor in causing the liquefaction."

"English Corpus Linguistics is a step-by-step guide to creating and analyzing linguistic corpora. It begins with a discussion of the role that corpus linguistics plays in linguistic theory, demonstrating that corpora have proven to be very useful resources for linguists who believe that their theories and descriptions of English should be based on real, rather than contrived, data. Charles F. Meyer goes on to describe how to plan the creation of a corpus, how to collect and computerize data for inclusion in a corpus, how to annotate the data that are collected, and how to conduct a corpus analysis of a completed corpus. The book concludes with an overview of the future challenges that corpus linguists face to make both the creation and analysis of corpora much easier undertakings than they currently are. Clearly organized and accessibly written, this book will appeal to students of linguistics and English language."