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"Bill of lading dan sea waybill adalah dokumen pengangkutan yang diterbitkan oleh pengangkut untuk membuktikan adanya perjanjian pengangkutan barang melalui laut. Skripsi ini menganalisis penggunaan bill of lading dan sea waybill dalam menagih penyerahan atas barang pada pengangkutan barang melalui laut dan alasan bank hanya menerima bill of lading sebagai syarat dokumen untuk menerbitkan letter of credit. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, skripsi ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bill of lading untuk menagih penyerahan atas barang dalam kegiatan pengangkutan barang melalui laut adalah dengan menyerahkan satu rangkap lembar asli bill of lading kepada pengangkut. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena bill of lading termasuk ke dalam kategori surat berharga yang hak tuntutan utangnya melekat pada lembar asli surat berharga. Adapun penggunaan sea waybill cukup dengan menunjukkan tanda identitas yang membuktikan orang yang menagih penyerahan barang muatan adalah orang yang namanya tercantum sebagai penerima barang pada sea waybill. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa setidaknya terdapat dua alasan bank hanya menerima bill of lading sebagai syarat dokumen untuk membuka letter of credit. Alasan pertama adalah karena bill of ladingmemiliki fungsi sebagai dokumen kepemilikan barang. Oleh karenanya bank dapat menahan bill of lading sampai pembuka letter of credit melunasi kreditnya. Alasan kedua adalah bill of lading sebagai surat berharga memiliki sifat yang mudah untuk diperjualbelikan. Sifat bill of lading yang mudah untuk diperjualbelikan tersebutlah yang dapat memberikan jaminan kepada bank penerbit letter of credit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, saran yang dapat diajukan adalah perbankan perlu mempertimbankan untuk menerima sea waybill sebagai syarat dokumen untuk menerbitkan L/C karena adanya peningkatan penggunaan sea waybill.

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Bill of lading and sea waybill are transport documents issued by the carrier as evidence of a contract carriage of goods by sea. This thesis analyzes the use of bill of lading and sea waybill in billing for delivery of goods in the carriage of goods by sea and the reasons banks only accept bills of lading as a required document for issuing letters of credit. By using the normative juridical method, this thesis concludes that the use of a bill of lading to bill the delivery of goods is to hand over one set original bill of lading to the carrier. This is because the bill of lading classified as a negotiable instrument which the billing right is attached to the original paper. Otherwise for the use of the sea waybill, it is enough to show an identity letter proving that the person who bill the delivery of goods is the person whose name is listed as the consignee. This thesis also concludes that there are at least two reasons why banks only accept bills of lading as a required document for issuing letter of credit. The first reason is because the bill of lading has a function as a document of title. Therefore, the bank can withhold the bill of lading until the applicant pays off the loan. The second reason is that bill of lading as a negotiable instrument are easy to trade. That matter causes bill of lading can provide guarantees to the bank. Based on the results of the research, the suggestion is that banks need to consider accepting sea waybill as a required document for issuing L/Cs due to an increase in the use of sea waybill."

"Perdagangan internasional tidak terlepaskan dari peran pengangkutan laut. Konosemen sebagai surat angkut juga mempunyai fungsi sebagai surat berharga, diterbitkan dalam dua lembaran yang dapat diperdagangkan, satu lembaran dipegang oleh Pengirim (Penjual) dan satu lembaran lainnya dipegang oleh Penerima (Pembeli). Konosemen yang berada di tangan Penerima mempunyai fungsi tuntutan penyerahan sejumlah barang (transferable), sedangkan yang berada di tangan Pengirim mempunyai fungsi tuntutan penyerahan sejumlah uang sebagai pembayaran atas barang-barang yang telah dikirimnya (negotiable). Kedua Konosemen ini dapat dijaminkan sebagai benda bergerak menurut undangundang, namun dalam tesis ini pembahasan dibatasi pada Konosemen yang negotiable saja.International trade is inseparable from admiralty. Being freight documents, Bills of Lading, can also function as negotiable instruments when Bills of Lading are issued in two original sets which are transferable and negotiable, to be held by the consignee and the consignor. As regards its transferability and negotiability, both terms have different legal meanings. Transferable Bills of Lading, which are to be held by the Consignee (Buyer), entitle the holder to demand the delivery of the goods from the Carrier, whereas negotiable Bills of Lading, which are to be held by the Consignor (Seller), entitle the holder to demand payment from the Letters of Credit issued by the Consignee?s banks (Issuing Bank jointly and severally with Confirming Bank and Paying Bank) when those two instruments, together with other documents ancillary thereto, come to be negotiated. Notwithstanding transferable and negotiable Bills of Lading can be encumbered as collateral for due repayment of loans, this thesis is, however, focused only on the collateralization of negotiable Bills of Lading."

"Arranged thematically and covering the entire breadth of the law of carriage of goods by sea, including bills of lading and charterparties, limitation, admiralty claims, and maritime arbitration, this book discusses the underlying principles of contract, agency, tort, and bailment as well as the business of carriage, and shippers' and carriers' obligations, rights and immunities. The scope and application of the Rotterdam Rules is covered in a dedicated chapter, which guides the reader on this important international instrument which was signed in 2009, but is not yet in force. Coverage of the main provisions and changes to be implemented in accordance with the Rotterdam Rules also feature throughout. The underlying principles to documents of carriage, international regulation, and the responsibilities and obligations of the skipper and carrier are all addressed in this single volume resource."