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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak covid-19 terhadap dampak penentuan risk appetite pada PT XYZ. Perusahaan merupakan sebuah UMKM yang melakukan usaha di bidang olahraga air di daerah pariwisata. Analisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori Quail (2012) mengenai risk appetite. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kasus pada PT XYZ. Data penelitian bersumber dari wawancara yang dilakukan kepada para narasumber yang memiliki peran dalam proses operasional di PT XYZ. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis naratif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas dari pegawai di PT XYZ tidak memahami apa itu risk appetite sehingga proses pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan hanya berdasarkan kebiasaan (pengetahuan) yang ada (memiliki asumsi bahwa risiko dan selera risiko sama). Level of risk appetite terbagi dalam delapan aspek (aspek keamanan, aspek pelanggan, aspek lingkungan, aspek perkembangan usaha, aspek pengembalian pada shareholder, aspek citra perusahaan, aspek hubungan karyawan, dan aspek inovasi teknikal) dan lima level penentuan sesuai dengan yang dikemukakan oleh teori Quail (2012), yang menghasilkan bahwa rata – rata level of risk appetite PT XYZ di masa sebelum pandemi adalah di level 3 (aspek keamanan, aspek perkembangan keuangan dan aspek hubungan karyawan) dan rata – rata level of risk appetite di masa pandemi ada di level 1 (aspek lingkungan, aspek pengembalian pada shareholder, dan aspek citra perusahaan). Perbedaan level ini dikarenakan terjadinya perubahan yang cukup signifikan pada aspek yang dianggap penting bagi perusahaan sehingga mengakibatkan turunnya level risiko PT XYZ dimasa pandemi menjadi level 1.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of Covid-19 on determining risk appetite at PT XYZ. The company is an SME that does business in the field of water sports in tourism areas. The analysis was carried out using Quail's theory regarding risk appetite levels. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a case study at PT XYZ. The research data comes from interviews conducted with informants who have a role in the operational process at PT XYZ. This study uses narrative analysis. The results of this study indicate that most employees at PT XYZ do not understand risk appetite, so the decision-making process is carried out only based on existing habits (knowledge) (having the assumption that risk and risk appetite are the same). The level of risk appetite are divided into eight aspects (security aspect, customer aspect, environmental aspect, business development aspect, return to shareholder aspect, corporate image aspect, employee relations aspect, and technical innovation aspect) and five levels are determined according to what is proposed by the theory. Quail (2012), which results that the average level of risk appetite for PT XYZ before the pandemic was at level 3 (security aspects, aspects of financial development, and aspects of employee relations) and the average level of risk appetite during the pandemic was at level 1 (environmental aspects, returns to shareholders, and corporate image aspects). This level difference is due to significant changes in aspects that are considered important for the company, resulting in a reduction in PT XYZ's risk level during the pandemic to level 1."

"Covid-19 merupakan fenomena penyakit menular yang membuat kelompok-kelompok tertentu mengalami kerentanan. Adapun penyakit diabetes yang dikategorikan oleh para ahli kesehatan sebagai komorbid Covid-19, sehingga menjadikannya rentan secara fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengetahuan dan persepsi risiko Covid-19 pada penderita diabetes dalam pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur sebagai data sekunder. Kasus ini menjelaskan bahwa penderita diabetes memiliki pengetahuan Covid-19 mencakup transmisi dan pencegahan penularan. Pengetahuan melalui proses memercayai, yang mana didapat melalui media dan pengalaman. Para penderita diabetes menganggap bahwa Covid-19 sebagai sesuatu yang berbahaya dan berisiko, dalam gejala yang dapat menjadi berat dan risiko kematian. Risiko Covid-19 salah satunya konsekuensi biaya perawatan Covid-19 dan tuntutan isolasi mandiri. Para penderita diabetes menganggap penting mengetahui pencegahan penularan serta risiko yang timbul sehingga tidak mengalami kerugian. Pengetahuan dan persepsi risiko pada penderita diabetes tidak terlepas dari latar belakang sosial budaya dan ekonomi. Pengetahuan menjadi bagian dari pembentukan persepsi dalam melihat risiko.

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Covid-19 pandemic is an infectious disease phenomenon that makes some certain communities become vulnerable. Diabetes found of health professionals belongs morbidity group of Covid-19, that makes diabetics physically vulnerable. This research discusses about knowledge and risk perception of Covid-19 among diabetics prevent of Covid-19 transmission. The methods used in this research were in-depth interviews and secondary data collection. This diabetic case explain that diabetics had prevention of transmission knowledge. Knowledge shaped by ways of knowing process which came from media and experience. Covid-19 consider be dangerous and risky by diabetics because the probabilities of getting severe symptoms and death. Some of those risks of Covid-19 is the cost of treatment and self-isolation. It was considered important to have knowledge, transmission, and risks of Covid-19 and diabetes to decrease loss. Knowledge and risk perception are inseparable from socioeconomic background. Knowledge become a part of perceiving risk."

"Penelitian ini menguji secara empiris pengaruh risiko kredit setelah implementasi kebijakan stimulus oleh bank di Indonesia dan ukuran bank terhadap profitabilitas pada periode pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Model Dinamis untuk memperoleh gambaran efektivitas kebijakan relaksasi dalam menjaga profitabilitas perbankan Indonesia. Kebijakan stimulus yang dilakukan regulator pada masa pandemi Covid-19 mengubah perhitungan risiko kredit, dan penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa penggunaan pengukuran risiko kredit yang disesuaikan dengan kebijakan stimulus tersebut yaitu dengan menambahkan kredit restrukturisasi dengan kualitas lancar. Studi ini menemukan bahwa risiko kredit menggunakan pengukuran baru tersebut mempengaruhi secara negatif namun tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas pada periode selama pandemi Covid-19. Hal tersebut karena pelaksanaan kebijakan stimulus memungkinkan bank untuk tidak menurunkan kualitas kredit (tetap lancar) dengan cadangan kerugian yang tidak harus ditambah. Profitabilitas bank di masa pandemi tidak dipengaruhi signifikan oleh risiko kredit diduga antara lain dipengaruhi pula oleh kemampuan adaptasi yang baik dari bank di Indonesia melalui layanan tambahan sehingga dampak negatif dari risiko kredit dapat diminimalisir. Ukuran bank menurunkan  profitabilitas selama pandemi Covid-19 baik untuk bank dengan ukuran yang kecil, menengah maupun besar. Semakin besar ukuran bank, maka dianggap lebih berisiko antara lain karena kompensasi atas pengelolaan reputasi termasuk biaya operasional lainnya selain pembentukan kerugian yang lebih tinggi.

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This study empirically examines the effect of credit risk using a new measure which is influenced by stimulus policy in Indonesia and bank size on profitability of Indonesian banks during the Covid-19 pandemic. It employed the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) Dynamic Model to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of the relaxation policy in maintaining the profitability of the Indonesian banks. The stimulus policy by the regulator during the COVID-19 pandemic changed the credit risk calculation and this research contributed by using credit risk measurement adjusted to the stimulus policy by adding restructuring loans in current quality. The study found that credit risk negatively affected profitability in the period during the Covid-19 pandemic. This finding probably due to the stimulus policy allowing banks to remain current the credit quality with no addition to provision. Bank profitability during the pandemic was not significantly affected by credit risk, allegedly among others, also influenced by the good adaptability of banks in Indonesia through additional services. Bank size has had a significant negative effect on profitability during the Covid-19 pandemic for small, medium and large banks. The larger the size of the bank, the riskier it becomes due to the addition for reputation management includes other operational costs."

"Latar belakang: COVID-19 menginfeksi semua kelompok umur, namun beban infeksi lebih tinggi dan lebih berbahaya pada kelompok usia lanjut. Pasien yang mengalami infeksi akut COVID-19 juga bisa mengalami gejala menetap yang disebut dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19, khususnya pada lansia. Belum ada data yang menunjukkan prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia di Indonesia dan juga faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia di Indonesia serta meneliti hubungan antara faktor-faktor risiko dengan kejadian Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 dengan menggunakan definisi waktu >4 minggu, >8 minggu, dan >12 minggu.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif yang menggunakan rekam medis dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan data terkait keberadaan faktor-faktor risiko dan gejala menetap pasca perawatan infeksi akut COVID-19.Hasil: Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 329 pasien lansia (≥60 tahun) yang sempat dirawat akibat COVID-19 di RSCM dan RS Mitra Keluarga Kalideres pada 1 Januari-31 Desember 2021. Prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia adalah sebesar 31%, 18,24%, dan 10,64% dengan menggunakan definisi waktu >4 minggu, >8 minggu, dan >12 minggu, secara berurutan. Clinical Frailty Scale rawat inap (OR 2,814 [IK 95% 1,172-6,758) dan imobilitas rawat inap (OR 4,767 [IK95% 2,117-10,734]) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >4 minggu. Selanjutnya, jumlah gejala awal (OR 2,043 [IK95% 1,005-4,153]), konstipasi rawat inap (OR 2,832 [IK95% 1,209-6,633]), imobilitas rawat inap (OR 2,515 [IK95% 1,049-6,026]), dan instabilitas rawat inap (OR 2,291 [IK95% 1,094-4,800) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >8 minggu. Gangguan pendengaran dan penglihatan follow-up (OR 2,926 [IK95% 1,285-6,665]) dan imobilitas rawat inap (OR 3,684 [IK95% 1,507-9,009]) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >12 minggu.Kesimpulan: Infeksi akut dengan ≥ 5 gejala, adanya frailty dan sindrom geriatri, khususnya imobilitas saat perawatan, berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia.

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Background: COVID-19 infects all age groups, but the burden of infection is higher and more dangerous in the elderly. Patients with acute COVID-19 infection can also experience persistent symptoms called Post-Covid-19 Syndrome, especially elderly. No data show the prevalence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly in Indonesia and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly in Indonesia and examine the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome by using the definition of time > 4 weeks, > 8 weeks. , and >12 weeks.

Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study that uses medical records and interviews to obtain data regarding risk factors and persistent symptoms after treatment of acute COVID-19 infection.

Results: This study is followed by 329 elderly patients (≥60 years) who had been treated because of COVID-19 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mitra Keluarga Kalideres Hospital from January 1st until December 31st, 2021. the prevalence of Post COVID-19 Syndrome in the elderly was 31%, 18.24%, and 10.64% using the time definition of >4 weeks, >8 weeks, and >12 weeks, respectively. Clinical Frailty Scale during hospitalization scores (OR 2.814 [95% CI 1.172-6.758]) and immobility during hospitalization (OR 4.767 [95% CI 2.117-10.734]) were associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >4 weeks. Furthermore, number of initial symptoms (OR 2,043 [CI95% 1.005-4.153]), constipation during hospitalization (OR 2.832 [CI95% 1.209-6633]), immobility during hospitalization (OR 2,515 [95% CI 1,049-6.026]), and instability during hospitalization (OR 2,291 [CI 95% 1,094-4,800]) was associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >8 weeks. In addition, impairment of visual and hearing during follow-up (OR 2,926 [95% CI 1,285-6,665]) and immobility during hospitalization (OR 3,684 [95% CI 1.507-9,009]) was associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >12 weeks.

Conclusions: Acute infection with ≥ 5 symptoms, frailty, and geriatric syndrome, especially immobility during hospitalization, were associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly."

"Pandemi Covid -19 mempunyai dampak yang massif dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Dampak tersebut juga dirasakan oleh industri perbankan, hal ini bisa tercermin akibat dari meningkatnya rasio kredit bermasalah dan naiknya rasio permodalan bank. Dalam penelitian ini menguji apakah ada pengaruh dari capital buffer, siklus bisnis terhadap tingkat risiko perbankan di Indonesia, dengan membandingkan 2 kondisi yang berbeda sebelum dan selama pandemi. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini menemukan bahwa capital buffer berpengaruh terhadap tingkat risiko perbankan di Indonesia. Untuk siklus bisnis berepengaruh terhadap capital buffer. Untuk sub sampel yang dibedakan menjadi sebelum dan selama pandemic ditemukan bahwa capital buffer berpengaruh terhadap tingkat risiko perbankan Indonesia baik selama pandemi maupun sebelum pandemi.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has had a massive impact on various aspects of life. This impact is also felt by the banking industry, as reflected in the increasing ratio of non-performing loans and the rise in bank capital ratios. This study examines whether there is an influence of capital buffer and business cycles on the level of banking risk in Indonesia, by comparing two different conditions before and during the pandemic. The findings of this study indicate that capital buffer has an influence on the level of banking risk in Indonesia. The business cycle also has an influence on capital buffer. For the subsample that is differentiated into before and during the pandemic, it is found that capital buffer affects the level of banking risk in Indonesia both during and before the pandemic."

"Cost overruns merupakan masalah serius bagi perusahaan konstruksi, termasuk di Indonesia. Fraud adalah salah satu penyebab utama proyek konstruksi mengalami cost overruns. Korupsi, termasuk penyuapan, penggelapan, dan fraud menyebabkan biaya konstruksi menjadi jauh lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penyebab fraud, menilai tingkat maturitas risiko fraud, dan mengembangkan kerangka kerja manajemen risiko fraud di perusahaan konstruksi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menganalisis data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara dan observasi, dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari tinjauan literatur. Menggunakan teori fraud triangle untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab risiko fraud, model fraud risk maturity oleh EY untuk menilai tingkat maturitas risiko fraud, dan konsep fraud risk management oleh KPMG untuk mengembangkan kerangka kerja manajemen risiko fraud, penelitian ini memberikan tiga hasil: Studi tentang penyebab fraud, penilaian tingkat maturitas risiko fraud, dan kerangka kerja manajemen risiko fraud untuk perusahaan konstruksi.

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Cost overruns is a serious issue for construction companies, including in Indonesia. Fraud is one of the main causes of construction projects experiencing cost overruns. Corruption, including bribery, embezzlement, and fraud causes construction costs to be significantly higher. This research aimed to evaluate the causes of fraud, to assess the maturity level of the fraud risk, and to develop fraud risk management framework in a construction company in Indonesia. This research used qualitative methods to analyse primary data obtained from interviews and observations, and secondary data obtained from a literature review. Using the fraud triangle theory to identify the cause of fraud risks, the fraud risk maturity model by EY to assess the fraud risk maturity level, and the fraud risk management concept by KPMG to develop a fraud risk management framework, this research provided three results: A study of causes of fraud, fraud risk maturity assessment, and fraud risk management framework for a construction company."

"Kebijakan komunikasi risiko yang tertuang dalam Pedoman Komunikasi Risiko untuk Penanggulangan Krisis Kesehatan menjadi topik yang perlu diperhatikan sebab Indonesia merupakan negara yang sering mengalami bencana alam dan sedang mengalami bencana non-alam yaitu Pandemi COVID-19. Ada perbedaan komunikasi risiko pada penanganan COVID-19 di daerah rawan bencana. Hal ini di sebabkan ada dua ancaman sekaligus di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan komunikasi risiko dalam penanganan dan pengendalian COVID-19 di daerah rawan bencana. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitaif. Desain penelitian adalah Cross Sectional dengan jumlah sampel 451 responden di Wilayah Kabupaten Pandeglang dan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner. Metode pengumpulan data yang kedua dengan cara wawancara mendalam. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan ke 4 informan yang berasal dari BPBD Wilayah Kabupaten Pandeglang dan Dinas Kesehatan Wilayah Kabupaten Pandeglang. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai COVID-19 dengan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana alam, karena p sebesar 0,002 (p value < 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan, namun perlu adanya pertimbangan perubahan dalam isi Pedoman Komunikasi Risiko untuk Penanggulangan Krisis Kesehatan dan memperhatikan ketersediaan anggaran khususnya anggaran program bencana alam.

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The risk communication policy contained in the Risk Communication Guidelines for Health Crisis Management is a topic that needs attention because Indonesia is a country that often experiences natural disasters and is currently experiencing non-natural disasters, namely the COVID-19 pandemic. There are differences in risk communication in handling COVID-19 in disaster-prone areas. This is because there are two threats at once in the region. This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk communication policies in handling and controlling COVID-19 in disaster-prone areas. This research is in the form of quantitative and qualitative research. The research design is cross-sectional with a sample of 451 respondents in the Pandeglang Regency area and uses a random sampling technique. Methods of collecting data with a questionnaire. The second method of data collection is utilizing in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted with 4 informants from the Regional BPBD of Pandeglang Regency and the Regional Health Office of Pandeglang Regency. The statistical analysis results show a significant relationship between the level of public knowledge about COVID-19 and community preparedness in dealing with natural disasters because the p is 0.002 (p-value <0.05). The study results show success in implementing the policy. However, it is necessary to consider changes in the contents of the Risk Communication Guidelines for Health Crisis Management and pay attention to the availability of budgets, especially the budget for natural disaster programs."

"Sejak tahun 2020 dan selama pandemi COVID-19, Indonesia mewajibkan pemakaian masker di semua aktivitas kerja termasuk di dalam perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, PT.X mewajibkan semua pekerjanya menggunakan masker termasuk pekerjaan fisik dan sesuai dengan standar pemerintah dan kemudahan bernapas maka dipilihlah masker medis 3 lapis. Melalui observasi pendahuluan menunjukkan dari 12 pekerja fisik, 92% merasakan keluhan cepat lelah dan sesak napas ketika bekerja, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan ingin mengetahui hubungan antara pemakaian masker medis 3 lapis melalui %CVL (cardiovascular load) dengan keluhan kesehatan subjektif pada pekerja fisik. Hasil dari penelitian melalui analisis tabel silang/crosstab antara variabel “jenis keluhan kesehatan subjektif” dengan “%CVL” menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antar variabel “jenis keluhan kesehatan subjektif” dan variabel “%CVL” dengan interpretasi semakin tinggi %CVL suatu pekerjaan fisik maka semakin tinggi risiko negatif terhadap keluhan kesehatan subjektif (seperti keluhan cepat lelah sampai sesak napas). Kemudian, untuk analisis tabel silang/crosstab antara variabel “waktu mengalami keluhan kesehatan subjektif” dengan “%CVL” menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antar variabel dengan interpretasi semakin tinggi %CVL suatu pekerjaan fisik maka semakin semakin cepat pekerja merasakan keluhan kesehatan subjektif tersebut. Sedangkan, untuk parameter lain seperti karakteristik pekerja dan kondisi lingkungan kerja di PT.X tidak menunjukkan hubungan dan interpretasi yang bermakna terhadap keluhan kesehatan subjektif pekerja fisik ketika penggunaan masker. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan secara umum bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pemakaian masker medis 3 lapis melalui %CVL dengan keluhan kesehatan subjektif pada pekerja fisik, semakin besar nilai %CVL (atau semakin lelah) maka semakin berat keluhan kesehatan subjektif yang dialami (cepat lelah sampai sesak napas) dan semakin cepat pekerja fisik mengalami keluhan kesehatan subjektif dalam 1 putaran pekekerjaan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar untuk penilaian kembali bahaya dan risiko pemakaian masker pada pekerjaan fisik di perusahaan untuk menemukan pengendalian yang lebih memadai.

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Since year 2020 and during COVID-19 pandemic period, in Indonesia, mask usage is mandatory for every working activites including in industry. Hence, mask usage is mandatory in PT.X including for physical activities and based on local/government regulation also breathability aspect, PT.X decided to use 3 ply medical mask as standard mask. From pre observation that had already been conducted revealed that from 12 physical workers as respondent, 92% were experiencing health issue during wearing the mask. Then, this condition proves that wearing the mask during physical activity resulting new hazard that need to be mitigated properly. The purpose of researcher in this thesis is to find relation between 3 ply medical mask usage through %CVL (cardiovascular load) measurement with subjective health issue of physical workers. The result of this research from crosstab analysis between variable “health issue type” vs “%CVL” shows meaningful relation with interpretation the higher of %CVL from physical activity will impact to higher risk of negative health issue (tired quickly until shortness of breath). Then, for crosstab analysis between variable “experiencing health issue times” vs “%CVL” shows meaningful relation with interpretation the higher of %CVL from physical activity will make respondent feel subjective health issue faster. While, for other parameters (worker characteristic and workplace area characteristic in PT.X) vs variable of “health issue type” and “experiencing health issue times” show no meaningfull relation and interpretation. Hence, in general, we can conclude that there is meaningfull relation between 3 ply mask usage through %CVL measurement with health issue of physical workers. The higher of %CVL value or more tired condition of the physical worker resulting more severe for the health issue such us feel tired quickly until shortness of breath and in term of the time, worker will get this health issue faster in one work cycle. Considering this condition, the %CVL value can be as refference/baseline to do reassessment regarding hazard and risk for mask usage during physical work/activity in the workplace area to find further sufficient mitigation."

"Latar belakang. Belum diketahui apakah ada hubungan antara usia penerbang, obesitas sentral, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat penyakit metabolik, dan jam terbang total dengan kejadian sindroma metabolik pada penerbang sipil pesawat sayap tetap.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol, yang dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2022. Penerbang sipil laki-laki pesawat sayap tetap yang menjalani pemeriksaan kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan pada periode Juni – November 2022 diinklusi dalam studi. Variabel bebas yang diteliti adalah jam terbang, usia, status obesitas, merokok, dan riwayat DM tipe II keluarga.Hasil. Terdapat dua ratus enam puluh dua penerbang sipil pesawat sayap tetap yang diinklusi dalam studi ini, dengan 131 (50%) penerbang dengan sindrom metabolik dan 131 (50%) lainnya tidak memiliki sindrom metabolik. Rerata usia pasien dalam penelitian adalah 38,70 ± 10,54 tahun, dengan 57,6% penerbang berusia ≤ 40 tahun. 59,2% subjek memiliki jam terbang ≥ 5000 jam, dengan median jam terbang keseluruhan subjek adalah sebesar 5600 (45¬27700) jam. Sebagian besar subjek (64,5%) memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) yang termasuk dalam kategori obesitas. Hanya usia > 40 tahun dan IMT ≥ 25 kg/m2 yang ditemukan berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik (p < 0,001), dengan rasio odds masing-masing sebesar 5,90 (IK 95%, 2,79–12,45) dan 6,24 (IK 95%, 3,25–12,00). Setelah menghilangkan faktor usia, jam terbang ≥ 5000 jam memiliki risiko 3,33 (IK 95%, 1,87–5,94) kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami sindrom metabolik.Simpulan. Usia ≥ 40 tahun dan status obesitas berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko sindrom metabolik di kalangan penerbang sipil pesawat sayap tetap laki-laki.

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Background. It is not yet known whether there is a relationship between pilot age, central obesity, smoking habits, history of metabolic disease, and total flight hours with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in civil fixed-wing aircraft pilots.

Methods. This research is a case control study, which was conducted in December 2022. Male civil pilots of fixed wing aircraft who underwent medical examinations at the Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan in the period June – November 2022 were included in the study. The independent variables studied were flight hours, age, obesity status, smoking, and family history of type II DM.

Results. Two hundred and sixty-two fixed-wing civil aviation pilots were included in this study, of which 131 (50%) pilots had the metabolic syndrome and 131 (50%) did not have the metabolic syndrome. The mean age of the patients in the study was 38.70 ± 10.54 years, with 57.6% of the pilots aged ≤ 40 years. 59.2% of the subjects had flight hours ≥ 5000 hours, with the median flight hours of all subjects being 5600 (45¬27700) hours. Most of the subjects (64.5%) had a body mass index (BMI) which was included in the obesity category. Only age > 40 years and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were found to be associated with the metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), with odds ratios of 5.90 (95% CI, 2.79–12.45) and 6, respectively. 24 (95% CI, 3.25–12.00). After removing the age factor, flying hours ≥ 5000 hours had a 3.33 (95% CI, 1.87–5.94) times higher risk of experiencing metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion. Age ≥ 40 years and obesity status are associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome among male civil fixed-wing aircraft pilots."

"Setidaknya 1 dari 200 pasien COVID-19 akan mengalami DVT, dan sekitar 20% kasus VTE berhubungan dengan COVID-19. Risikonya meningkat empat kali lipat pada pasien COVID-19. Munculnya berbagai faktor patofisiologis yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya DVT pada pasien COVID-19 menimbulkan pertanyaan menarik mengenai perbedaan dalam karakteristik luaran pasien DVT sebelum dan selama pandemi, serta variasi dalam perawatan dan hasil pasien. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kohort retrospektif untuk melihat perbandingan karakteristik dan manajemen pasien DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Didapatkan data 489 subyek yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini dengan nilai rata-rata usianya adalah 50.72 ± 18.00. Berdasarkan waktu terkenanya DVT, dari 489 subyek tersebut, sebagian besar sampel yaitu sebanyak 344 orang (72.9%) merupakan pasien yang mengalami DVT selama pandemi COVID. Berdasarkan status mortalitas, terdapat 336 orang (71.8%) yang masih hidup setelah mengalami DVT. Berdasarkan keberadaan perdarahan hebat, sebagian besar subyek yaitu 402 orang (82.2%) tidak mengalami perdarahan hebat. Berdasarkan status rekurensi, terdapat 321 orang (65.7%) yang mengalami rekurensi yaitu kembali dirawat dengan diagnosa yang sama dalam 1 tahun pertama setelah pertama kali dirawat. Sebanyak 479 orang (97.9%) tidak mengalami emboli paru. Didapatkan nilai rata-rata durasi rawat inap selama 13.41 ± 9.89 hari. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan D-Dimer, didapatkan nilai rata-rata 3008.21 ± 1494.59 ng/mL. Sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan fibrinogen, didapatkan nilai rata-rata 301.06 ± 58.63 mg/dL. Dalam melihat komparasi data DVT sebelum dan selama pandemic COVID-19, dari 4 variabel yang dilihat, hanya D-Dimer yang memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan berupa peningkatan nilai rata-rata apabila dibandingkan antara sebelum pandemic COVID (2052.34 ± 568.30 ng/mL) dan selama COVID (3363.89 ± 1573.79 ng/mL) dengan nilai p < 0.001. Hasil berbeda terjadi pada fibrinogen yang tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebelum pandemic COVID (295.66 ± 57.28 mg/dL) dibandingkan dengan selama COVID (303.06 ± 59.08 mg/dL) dengan nilai p 0.223. Ditemukan bahwa pada pasien COVID-19 didapati nilai D-Dimer yang lebih tinggi (nilai p <0.001) serta fibrinogen yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p=0.032).

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At least 1 in 200 COVID-19 patients will experience DVT, and approximately 20% of VTE cases are related to COVID-19. The risk increases fourfold in COVID-19 patients. The emergence of various pathophysiological factors that contribute to the occurrence of DVT in COVID-19 patients raises interesting questions regarding differences in the outcome characteristics of DVT patients before and during the pandemic, as well as variations in patient care and outcomes. The research design used was a retrospective cohort study to compare the characteristics and management of DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained for 489 subjects who were included in this study with an average age value of 50.72 ± 18.00. Based on the time of DVT, of the 489 subjects, the majority of the sample, namely 344 people (72.9%) were patients who experienced DVT during the COVID pandemic. Based on mortality status, there were 336 people (71.8%) who were still alive after experiencing DVT. Based on the presence of severe bleeding, the majority of subjects, namely 402 people (82.2%) did not experience severe bleeding. Based on recurrence status, there were 321 people (65.7%) who experienced recurrence, namely being treated again with the same diagnosis within the first year after first being treated. A total of 479 people (97.9%) did not experience pulmonary embolism. The average duration of hospitalization was 13.41 ± 9.89 days. Based on the results of the D-Dimer examination, an average value of 3008.21 ± 1494.59 ng/mL was obtained. Meanwhile, the results of the fibrinogen examination showed an average value of 301.06 ± 58.63 mg/dL. In looking at the comparison of DVT data before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, of the 4 variables looked at, only D-Dimer had a significant difference in the form of an increase in the average value when compared between before the COVID pandemic (2052.34 ± 568.30 ng/mL) and during COVID (3363.89 ± 1573.79 ng/mL) with p value < 0.001. Different results occurred in fibrinogen which did not have a significant difference between before the COVID pandemic (295.66 ± 57.28 mg/dL) compared to during COVID (303.06 ± 59.08 mg/dL) with a p value of 0.223. It was found that COVID-19 patients had higher D-Dimer values (p value <0.001) and significantly higher fibrinogen (p=0.032)."