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"Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi khususnya pada tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia, Studi mengenai manfaat dari vaksin booster mRNA-1273 yang diawali vaksinasi primer Coronavac masih minim sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan insiden COVID-19 pasca vaksinasi booster mRNA-1273 yang diberikan vaksinasi primer Coronavac sebelumnya serta profil antibodi pada tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan gabungan desain kohort retrospektif dan potong lintang pada 300 tenaga kesehatan yang dipilih secara acak dari data penerima vaksin booster mRNA-1273 di salah satu RS tersier (RSCM). Subjek yang terpilih kemudian dilakukan wawancara mendalam mengenai riwayat vaksinasi COVID-19, riwayat terinfeksi COVID-19, komorbiditas dan dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah untuk menilai kadar antibodi IgG sRBD. Dari hasil wawancara kemudian dinilai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan terhadap kejadian COVID-19 pasca vaksinasi booster mRNA-1273 serta profil antibodi subjek.Hasil: 56 orang (18,6%) mengalami COVID-19 setelah divaksinasi booster dalam 5 bulan. Incidence rate per person per month sebesar 3,2%. Median antibodi IgG sRBD dalam 8 bulan 6627 AU/ml (min-max, 729-20374 AU/ml) dan tidak berhubungan dengan variabel usia, jenis kelamin, komorbiditas, KIPI pasca booster ataupun riwayat infeksi pasca booster. Usia, jenis kelamin, diabetes melitus tipe 2, hipertensi, obesitas dan KIPI pasca booster tidak berhubungan terhadap insiden COVID-19 pasca booster. Riwayat COVID-19 sebelum vaksinasi booster berhubungan signifikan terhadap penurunan kejadian COVID-19 pasca vaksinasi booster dengan RR 0,20 (95 % CI: 0,09-0,45).Simpulan: Insiden COVID-19 mencapai 18,6% dalam 5 bulan pasca vaksinasi booster dengan riwayat COVID-19 sebelum vaksinasi booster berperan dalam menurunkan risiko kejadian COVID-19 pasca vaksinasi booster.

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Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused high mortality and morbidity especially among healthcare workers in Indonesia. Studies on the benefits of the mRNA-1273 booster vaccine preceded with Coronavac primary vaccine are still minimal so further studies are needed.

Purpose: Knowing the factors associated with the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection after mRNA-1273 booster vaccination starting with the Coronavac primary vaccination and the antibody profile of healthcare workers in Indonesia.

Method: This study used combined design of retrospective cohort and cross sectional study. Three hundreds healthcare workers at one of tertiary hospital in Indonesia that obtain mRNA-1273 booster vaccine minimal after 5 months were randomly selected. Subjects were then interviewed regarding their history of COVID-19 vaccination, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, comorbidities and blood samples were taken to assess IgG sRBD antibody levels. Factors related to antibody profile and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the mRNA-1273 booster vaccination were then analyzed.

Results: 56 subjects (18.6%) experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection after mRNA-1273 booster vaccination. Median antibody IgG sRBD in 8 months was 6627 AU/ml (min-max, 729-20374 AU/ml) and not related to age, gender, comorbidities, AEFI after booster and infection after booster. Age, gender, diabetes type 2, hypertension, obesity, AEFI after booster were not related to COVID-19 incidence after booster. History of SARS-CoV-2 infection before booster vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after booster vaccination with RR 0,20 (95 % CI: 0,09-0,45).

Conclusion: Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 5 months was 18,6% with history of COVID-19 before booster correlated with reduced risk of COVID-19 after booster."

"COVID-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 dan ditetapkan sebagai pandemi global pada 11 Maret 2020 oleh WHO. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia mulai melaksanakan program vaksinasi booster untuk meningkatkan durabilitas sistem imun, khususnya pada tenaga kesehatan untuk memicu reaksi imunogenitas pada tubuh melalui produksi antibodi netralisasi (NAb). Namun, NAb memiliki durabilitas tertentu dan mungkin akan mengalami penurunan yang turut dipengaruhi oleh adanya SARS-CoV-2 varian baru yang muncul seperti varian Delta dan Omicron. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi antibodi netralisasi yang dihasilkan oleh tenaga kesehatan di Jakarta sebelum dan setelah 12 bulan vaksinasi booster COVID-19, mengevaluasi antibodi netralisasi setelah 12 bulan vaksinasi booster COVID-19 terhadap 4 varian SARS-CoV-2 berupa varian wild type, Delta, Omicron (B.1.1.529), dan Omicron (BA.2), dan mengevaluasi antibodi netralisasi pada partisipan yang mengalami breakthrough infection dengan partisipan yang tidak mengalami breakthrough setelah 12 bulan vaksinasi booster COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (sVNT) yang sesuai untuk digunakan dalam mendeteksi antibodi netralisasi karena memiliki hasil yang baik dengan waktu deteksi singkat. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah terdapat kenaikan antibodi netralisasi yang signifikan pada saat 12 bulan pascavaksinasi booster dibandingkan dengan saat pravaksinasi booster. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan kadar antibodi netralisasi antara keempat varian dengan penurunan antibodi netralisasi yang cukup signifikan sekitar 10—20% pada varian Omicron (B.1.1.529 dan BA.2). Tidak terdapat perbedaan antibodi netralisasi yang signifikan pada partisipan yang mengalami breakthrough infection dengan partisipan yang tidak mengalami breakthrough infection, namun, seluruh partisipan breakthrough infection memiliki tingkat keparahan COVID-19 kategori ringan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah vaksinasi booster pertama pada partisipan menunjukkan durabilitas imun pada bulan ke-12 pascavaksinasi booster pertama yang masih tergolong baik dan kemungkinan berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya tingkat keparahan gejala COVID-19 pada partisipan yang mengalami breakthrough infection. Varian baru SARS-CoV-2 seperti Omicron (B.1.1.529 dan BA.2) menyebabkan penurunan respons kekebalan tubuh sehingga perlu dilaksanakan vaksinasi booster lanjutan.

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COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and was declared as global pandemic on 11 March 2020 by WHO. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia has started implementing a booster vaccination program to increase the durability of the immune system, especially for healthcare workers to trigger an immunogenic reaction in the body through the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAb). However, NAb has a certain durability and may experience a decrease which is also influenced by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants such as the Delta and Omicron variants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neutralization antibodies produced by healthcare workers in Jakarta before and after 12 months of the COVID-19 booster vaccination, to evaluate the neutralization antibodies after 12 months of the COVID-19 booster vaccination against 4 variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the form of wild type variants, Delta, Omicron (B.1.1.529), and Omicron (BA.2), and evaluated neutralizing antibodies in participants who experienced a breakthrough infection with participants who did not experience a breakthrough after 12 months of the COVID-19 booster vaccination. The method used in this study is the Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (sVNT) which is suitable for detecting neutralizing antibodies because it has good results with a short detection time. The results of the study were that there was a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies 12 months after the booster vaccination compared to the prevaccination booster. In addition, there were differences in neutralizing antibody levels between the four variants with a significant decrease in neutralizing antibodies of around 10—20% in the Omicron variants (B.1.1.529 and BA.2). There was no significant difference in neutralizing antibodies in participants who experienced a breakthrough infection and participants who did not experience a breakthrough infection. However, all breakthrough infection participants had a mild level of COVID-19 severity. The conclusion of this study is that the first booster vaccination in participants shows immune durability at the 12th month after the first booster vaccination which is still relatively good and may have an effect on the lower severity of COVID-19 symptoms in participants who experience a breakthrough infection. New variants of SARS-CoV-2 such as Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA.2) cause a decrease in the body's immune response so that further booster vaccinations are necessary."

"Pandemi COVID-19 telah terbukti menjadi musuh besar bagi kesehatan global. Kedatangan vaksin membawa angin segar untuk mengembalikan kondisi ke normal. DKI Jakarta sebagai Provinsi dengan jumlah kasus COVID-19 tertinggi di Indonesia merupakan salah satu provinsi prioritas dalam pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19. Capaian vaksinasi Booster ke-I belum sesuai target sedangkan pemerintah sudah melaksanakan vaksinasi Booster ke-II kepada tenaga kesehatan dan lansia. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesiapan vaksinasi Booster COVID-19 bagi Masyarakat DKI Jakarta ditinjau dari Health Belief Model. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang, dilakukan pada November hingga Desember 2022 dengan melibatkan sampel penelitian sebanyak 175 responden. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan level kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kesiapan vaksinasi pada responden adalah sebesar 84%. Pada faktor pemodifikasi terdapat hubungan antara Usia (p-value 0,000), Pendidikan (p-value 0,727), Pekerjaan (p-value 0,046), dan Pengetahuan (p-value 0,000) dengan kesiapan vaksinasi Booster COVID-19, sedangkan jenis kelamin (p-value 0,727) tidak memiliki hubungan. Pada faktor persepsi terdapat hubungan antara persepsi manfaat (p-value 0,002) dan persepsi hambatan (p-value 0,000) dengan kesiapan vaksinasi Booster COVID-19. Sedangkan persepsi kerentanan (p-value 0,636) dan persepsi keparahan (p-value 0,418) tidak memiliki hubungan. Pada faktor isyarat untuk bertindak terdapat hubungan pada faktor kepercayaan terhadap vaksinasi Booster COVID-19 (p-value 0,000) dan kepercayaan terhadap sumber informasi (p-value 0,000). Sedangkan faktor pengalaman terhadap COVID-19 didapatkan tidak memilki hubungan yang kuat dengan kesiapan Vaksinasi Booster COVID-19 (p-value 1,000). Dari hasil penelitian ini, terdapat beberapa hal yang disarankan, diantaranya menekankan ke masyarakat bahwa pandemi COVID-19 belum berakhir, mengembangkan metode penyebaran informasi yang berkesinambungan dan terus berupaya meluruskan informasi yang menyimpang (hoaks) di kalangan masyarakat.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a formidable enemy for global health. The arrival of the vaccine brings fresh air to return conditions to normal. DKI Jakarta as the province with the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia is one of the priority provinces in the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. The achievements of the 1st Booster vaccination have not met the target, while the government has carried out the 2nd Booster vaccination for health workers and the elderly. The aim of the study was to determine the factors related to the readiness of the COVID-19 Booster vaccination for the DKI Jakarta Community in terms of the Health Belief Model. This study used a cross-sectional study design, conducted from November to December 2022 involving a research sample of 175 respondents. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the percentage of readiness for vaccination in the respondents was 84%. In the modifying factors there is a relationship between Age (p-value 0.000), Education (p-value 0.727), Occupation (p-value 0.046), and Knowledge (p-value 0.000) with the readiness of the COVID-19 Booster vaccination, while gender ( p-value 0.727) has no relationship. In the perception factor, there is a relationship between perceived benefits (p-value 0.002) and perceived barriers (p-value 0.000) with the readiness of the COVID-19 Booster vaccination. Meanwhile, perceived susceptibility (p-value 0.636) and perceived severity (p-value 0.418) had no relationship. In cues to action factors there is a relationship between the trust factor of the COVID-19 Booster vaccination (p-value 0.000) and trust of information sources (p-value 0.000). Meanwhile, the experience factor for COVID-19 did not have a strong relationship with the readiness of the COVID-19 Booster Vaccination (p-value 1,000). From the results of this study, there are several suggestions, including emphasizing to the public that the COVID-19 pandemic is not over, developing sustainable and coordinated information dissemination methods, and continuing to work on rectifying distorted information (hoaxes) among the public."

"Antibodi yang diproduksi oleh sel plasma sebagai respon terhadap vaksin COVID-19 terdiri dari antibodi netralisasi dan antibodi non-netralisasi. Antibodi netralisasi penting untuk perlindungan terhadap infeksi SARS-CoV-2. Standar baku untuk mengukur tingkat antibodi netralisasi melalui uji Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) yang membutuhkan patogen hidup dan fasilitas Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3). Metode lain yang mudah dilakukan untuk mengukur IgG Anti-S1 RBD ataupun total antibodi representasi netralisasi melalui uji ELISA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan titer IgG Anti-S1 RBD dengan total antibodi representasi SARS-CoV-2 pada subjek yang divaksinasi serta kaitannya dengan umur dan jenis kelamin. Titer IgG Anti-S1 RBD ditentukan menggunakan ujiindirect ELISA. Pengukuran persen inhibisi dari antibodi netralisasi menggunakan metode sVNT. Studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada 20 sampel plasma yang diimunisasi dengan seri primer CoronaVac dan 36 sampel plasma pasca-vaksinasi booster (dosis ketiga) dengan mRNA-1273. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan titer IgG Anti-S1 RBD dan total antibodi representasi netralisasi pada pria dan wanita maupun pada kelompok usia. Sementara itu, didapatkan korelasi kuat antara IgG Anti-S1 RBD dan total antibodi representasi netralisasipada kelompok sampel yang menerima vaksin inaktif (r = 0,720, p-value <0,0001) maupun pada kelompok subjek booster mRNA (r = 0,821, p-value < 0,0001).

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Antibodies produced by plasma cells in response to the COVID-19 vaccine consist of neutralizing antibodies and non-neutralizing antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies are important for protection against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The standard for measuring the level of neutralizing antibodies is the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT), which requires live pathogens and Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3) facilities. Another easy method to measure IgG Anti-S1 RBD or total surrogate neutralizing via ELISA. This study aims to determine the relationship between anti-S1 RBD IgG titer and total surrogate neutralizing antibody in vaccinated subjects, as well as its relationship with age and gender. Anti-S1 RBD IgG titer were determined using an indirect ELISA assay. Measurement of percent inhibition of neutralizing antibodies using the sVNT method. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 plasma samples immunized with the CoronaVac primer series and 36 post-vaccination booster (third dose) plasma samples with mRNA-1273. The results of this study showed no difference in anti-S1 RBD IgG titer and total surrogate neutralizing antibody between men and women or in age groups. Meanwhile, a strong correlation was found between Anti-S1 RBD IgG titer and total surrogate neutralizing antibody in the sample group that received the inactivated vaccine (r = 0.720, p-value <0.0001) and also in the mRNA booster subject group (r = 0.821, p-value < 0.0001)."

"Respons antibodi spesifik SARS-CoV-2 dapat diperoleh dari paparan virus ketika infeksi ataupun dari vaksinasi. Studi mengenai rasio CD4+/CD8+ sebagai penanda status imunitas masih belum banyak dilakukan pada dewasa sehat. Vitamin D yang memiliki efek imunomodulatori pada sistem imun adaptif dan alamiah, mampu memodulasi pembentukan antibodi dan regulasi dari sel T. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan kadar 25(OH)D serum terhadap titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2 dan rasio CD4+/CD8+ sebagai penanda status imunitas individu. Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap tenaga kesehatan di tiga rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19 di Jakarta dan Depok pada periode Juli–Desember 2021. Pengambilan data yang dilakukan berupa wawancara kuesioner data sosiodemografik, pemeriksaan tanda-tanda vital, pengukuran antropometri, dietary assessment menggunakan 24-h food recall dan SQ-FFQ. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan untuk menilai kadar 25(OH)D serum, rasio CD4+/CD8+, dan titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2. Didapatkan 154 tenaga kesehatan usia 22-53 tahun dalam kondisi sehat dan tanpa riwayat penyakit kronis. Median asupan vitamin D subjek penelitian sebesar 2,42 mcg/hari (1,23–4,00) dengan 94,7% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin D yang kurang. Median kadar serum 25(OH)D pada subjek sebesar 14,4 ng/mL (9,50–18,62) dengan 81,8% subjek mengalami defisiensi dan 14,9% subjek mengalami insufisiensi vitamin D. Median rasio CD4+/CD8+ 1,14 (0,88–1,34), 85,7% subjek memiliki titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2 >250 U/mL dan 14,3% subjek memiliki titer antibodi ≤250. Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang siginifikan antara kadar 25(OH)D dengan titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2 (p 0,209 OR 4,101 95% CI 0,45–37,04) dan Rasio CD4/CD8 (p 0,385 𝛃 -0,005 95% CI -0,0015–0,006). Asupan dan kadar vitamin D pada subjek penelitian masih tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini tidak berhasil membuktikan adanya hubungan antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan rasio CD4+/CD8+ dan titer antibodi SARS-CoV-2.

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SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response can be generated from exposure to the virus during infection or from vaccination. There is limited data on CD4+/CD8+ ratio in healthy individuals as a marker of immunity status. Vitamin D, which has an immunomodulatory effect on both  innate and adaptive immune systems, is able to modulate antibody formation and regulation of T cells. This study aimed to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers along with CD4+/CD8+ ratio as a marker of immunity status. This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare workers at three COVID-19 referral hospitals in Jakarta and Depok in the period of July–December 2021. Data collection was carried out using questionnaire, examination of vital signs, anthropometric measurements, dietary assessment using 24-h food recall, and SQ-FFQ. Blood samples were taken to assess serum 25(OH)D levels, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers. 154 healthcare workers aged 22-53 years who were in good health and had no history of chronic disease were examined in this study. The median intake of vitamin D was 2.42 mcg/day (1.23-4.00), with 94.7% of participants having insufficient intake of vitamin D. The median serum 25(OH)D level was 14.4 ng/mL (9.50-18.62), with 81.8% participants are vitamin D deficiency and 14.9% are insufficient. Median CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 1.14 (0.88 to 1.34). 85.7% participants had SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers >250 U/mL, while 14.3% were below 250 U/mL. There was no significant relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels to SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers (p 0.209 OR 4.101 95% CI 0.45–37.04) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (p 0.385 o-0.005 95% CI -0.0015–0.006). Vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels are relatively low. This study disproves relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels with CD4+/CD8+ ratio and SARS-CoV-2 antibody."

"Penyakit Covid 19 yang terjadi secara global mengakibatkan ditetapkannya status pandemi yang berdampak pada seluruh bidang kehidupan masyarakat hingga ke pelosok kabupaten Sikka di Nusa Tenggara Timur yang kemudian vaksinasi diupayakan pemerintah sebagai tindakan preventif dan dikembangkan hingga dosis lanjutan untuk menanggulangi penyebaran penyakit ini dengan dasar terjadinya penurunan antibodi pasca 6 bulan vaksinasi dosis awal. Meskipun secara umum vaksinasi booster pada lansia masih rendah cakupannya namun dampak vaksinasi ini sudah tampak hasilnya yaitu menurunnya kasus Covid 19 bahkan tidak ada lagi kasus di kabupaten Sikka sehingga per 21 Juni 2023. Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan status endemi berdasarkan indikator jumlah kasus Covid-19 menurun, angka kematian menurun, jumlah perawatan kasus Covid-19 juga menurun walaupun cakupan vaksinasi booster masih rendah namun masyarakat Indonesia sebagian besar sudah memiliki antibodi Covid. Hal ini menyebabkan beberapa faktor yang diteliti menjadi tidak berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan booster pada lansia di kabupaten Sikka. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan variabel sikap akan vaksin yang paling mempengaruhi penerimaan booster semnetara uji bivariate menyebutkan ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap dan riwayat terkena Covid-19 dengan penerimaan vaksin booster pada lansia di Sikka. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 122 lansia dengan kriteria inklusi berusia ≥ 60 tahun yang sudah mendapatkan dosis awal namun belum di booster atau lansia yang sama sekali belum divaksin Covid-19 sehingga menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk bivariat dan regresi logistik berganda untuk multivariat. Penelitian analitik crosssectional digunakan pada penelitian ini yang bertujuan mengetahui adanya hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang diteliti dengan penerimaan vaksin booster Covid-19.

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The Covid 19 disease that occurred globally resulted in the establishment of a pandemic status which had an impact on all areas of people's lives to remote areas of Sikka district in East Nusa Tenggara. The government then sought vaccination as a preventive measure and developed it to further doses to tackle the spread of this disease on the basis of a decrease in antibodies 6 months after the initial dose of vaccination. Even though in general booster vaccinations for the elderly are still low in coverage, the impact of this vaccination has already seen results, namely a decrease in Covid 19 cases and even no more cases in Sikka district so that as of June 21 2023. The Indonesian government has established endemic status based on indicators that the number of Covid-19 cases has decreased , the death rate has decreased, the number of treatments for Covid-19 cases has also decreased, although booster vaccination coverage is still low, most Indonesian people already have Covid antibodies. This causes several of the factors studied to have no effect on receiving boosters for the elderly in Sikka district. The results of the study stated that the attitude variable towards vaccines had the most influence on booster acceptance, while the bivariate test indicated that there was a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes and history of being exposed to Covid-19 and acceptance of booster vaccines in the elderly in Sikka. This research was conducted on 122 elderly people with inclusion criteria aged ≥ 60 years who had received the initial dose but had not received a booster or the elderly who had not been vaccinated against Covid-19 at all, so they used the Chi Square test for bivariates and multiple logistic regression for multivariates. A cross-sectional analytic study was used in this study which aims to determine a relationship between the factors studied and acceptance of the Covid-19 booster vaccine"

"Latar belakang: Post-acute sequelae COVID-19 atau long covid terjadi ketika ditemukannya gejala fase-akut 12 minggu setelah onset. Bermanifestasi secara multi-sistem, long covid berpotensi mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Vaksinasi COVID-19 telah dilaporkan memberikan resolusi klinis lebih baik. Hal ini cukup penting, terutama untuk tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki risiko COVID-19 tinggi. Maka, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status vaksinasi dengan kualitas hidup tenaga kesehatan dengan long covid.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara potong-lintang dengan mengolah data sekunder. Rekrutmen subjek dilakukan dalam jangka waktu Juni 2021 – Maret 2022 untuk tenaga kesehatan teridentifikasi dengan gejala long covid. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analitik dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistikHasil: 70 subjek diikutsertakan dengan mean usia 35.56 ± 8.85. Gejala long covid yang paling umum dilaporkan berupa: kelelahan (63.3%), kebingungan (41.8%), dan nyeri otot (40.5%). Subjek penelitian memiliki mean skor total SGRQ 12.33±11.9. Ditemukannya hubungan signifikan antara status vaksinasi dengan skor SGRQ [PR 0.489 (0.312, 0.768), p=0.007)]. Uji regresi logistik menghasilkan tidak adanya pengaruh signifikan antara usia, jenis kelamin, IMT, komorbid, riwayat merokok, riwayat alkohol, frekuensi terinfeksi COVID-19, dan jumlah gejala fase akut dengan skor SGRQ.Kesimpulan: Terdapatnya hubungan signifikan antara status vaksinasi dengan kualitas hidup tenaga kesehatan dengan long covid.

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Introduction: Post-acute sequelae COVID-19 or long covid occur when acute-phase symptoms persist 12 weeks after onset. Due to its multi-system nature, long covid is highly regarded to impact quality of life. COVID-19 vaccination is reported with better clinical resolution. This is detrimental, especially for healthcare workers with heightened risk of COVID-19 infection. Hence, this study aims to understand the association between vaccination status and quality of life among healthcare workers.

Method: This study implemented a cross-sectional design using secondary data. Recruitment of subjects were done within June 2021 – March 2022 for healthcare workers identified with long covid symptoms. Analyses were done descriptively and analytically using chi-square and logistic regression.

Results: 70 subjects were included with a mean age of 35.56 ± 8.85. Lethargy (63.3%), confusion (41.8%) and muscle ache (40.5%) were among the most reported long covid symptoms. Significant association was found between vaccination status and SGRQ score [PR 0.489 (0.312, 0.768), p=0.007)]. Logistic regression yielded no significant association between age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, smoking, alcohol. frequency of getting COVID-19, and number of acute-phase symptoms with SGRQ score.

Conclusion: Significant association between vaccination and quality of life of healthcare workers diagnosed with long covid was shown."

"Latar Belakang: Tenaga kesehatan (nakes) menjadi garda terdepan dalam pelayanan kesehatan di saat pandemi COVID-19. Tidak hanya dokter, perawat atau bidan dan nakes penunjang seperti petugas radiologi rentan untuk risiko terinfeksi COVID-19. Zona kerja nakes merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap risiko terinfeksi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian COVID-19 pada nakes yang bekerja di perawatan isolasi COVID-19.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan metode total sampling pada tenaga kesehatan yang bekerja di ruang rawat inap isolasi COVID-19 periode Maret sampai Desember 2020. Respons kuesioner penelitian elektronik yang disebarkan akan ditabulasi dan dianalisis.Hasil Penelitian: Subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 292 orang dengan mayoritas berusia ≥30 tahun (75,7%), profesi nondokter (91,8%), bekerja di zona kerja non-ICU (70,2%) dan hasil PCR COVID-19 negatif (64%). Zona kerja non-ICU, jenis kelamin, kekerapan kadang-kadang, jarang dan tidak pernah dalam penggunaan APD level 3 serta pelatihan PPI dari RS dalam hal standar APD era pandemi bermakna meningkatkan peluang risiko kejadian COVID-19. Sedangkan, kepatuhan protokol kesehatan dalam hal kontak erat dengan selain orang serumah, salah satu tidak memakai masker dan lama kontak >15 menit, pemasangan kanula hidung dan kontak dengan kolega positif COVID-19 bermakna menurunkan peluang risiko kejadian COVID-19.

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Background: : Health workers are at the forefront of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Not only doctors, nurses or midwives and supporting health workers such as radiology officers are vulnerable to being infected with COVID-19. The health worker's work zone is one of the factors that influences the risk of contracting COVID-19. This study aims to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of COVID-19 in health workers who work in isolation care for COVID-19.

Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study using total sampling method on healthcare workers who work in the COVID-19 isolation ward from March to December 2020. The responses of the distributed electronic research questionnaire will be tabulated and analyzed.

Results: There were 292 subjects who met the inclusion criteria with the majority aged ≥30 years (75.7%), non-doctors (91.8%), working in non-ICU work zones (70.2%) and negative COVID-19 PCR results (64%). Non-ICU working zone, gender, frequency of sometimes, rarely and never in the use of level 3 PPE as well as PPI training from hospitals in terms of PPE standards in the pandemic era significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 incident. Meanwhile, adherence to health protocols in terms of close contact with other than people in the household, one of them does not wear a mask and the duration of contact is >15 minutes, installation of nasal cannulae and contact with positive COVID-19 colleagues significantly reduced the COVID-19 incident."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review yang membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya infeksi Covid-19 pasca vaksinasi. Vaksinasi Covid-19 merupakan salah satu upaya dalam pemutusan rantai penularan Covid-19 dengan cara membentuk kekebalan pada tubuh manusia. Namun nyatanya, sejumlah orang dinyatakan positif Covid-19 padahal sudah mendapatkan dua dosis vaksin baik itu di Indonesia ataupun di luar negeri. Tujuan dari penulisan adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya infeksi Covid-19 pasca vaksinasi. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode literature review dengan mencari artikel penelitian yang dipublikasi di tahun 2021. Semua informasi didapatkan melalui pencarian artikel yang telah terpublikasi dengan menggunakan akses online database yaitu Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, dan Oxford Academic. Hasil peninjauan literatur didapatkan sembilan artikel penelitian yang dianalisis. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa mutasi varian virus Covid-19 dan peningkatan kemampuan transmisi dari virus merupakan hal terbanyak yang ditemukan dari literature review serta ditemukan pengaruh pekerjaan terkait risiko terpaparnya virus Covid-19 dan perilaku individu sebagai hasil temuan literature review yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya infeksi Covid-19 walaupun sudah mendapatkan vaksinasi. Saran literature review untuk faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya infeksi Covid-19 pasca vaksinasi adalah perlu bagi masyarakat dan setiap individu untuk tetap melakukan pencegahan dan pengendalian Covid-19. Pencegahan dan pengendaliannya melaksanakan protokol kesehatan 3M, 3T, dan mendukung pelaksanaan vaksinasi.

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This study uses a literature review method which discusses the factors associated with the occurrence of covid-19 infection post-vaccination. The Covid-19 vaccination is one of the efforts to break the chain of transmission of Covid-19 by forming immunity in the human body. But in fact, a number of people have tested positive for Covid-19 even though they have received two doses of the vaccine, both in Indonesia and abroad. The purpose of the writing is to find out what are the factors associated with the occurrence of covid-19 infection post-vaccination. The research was conducted using the literature review method by searching for some research articles published in 2021. All information was obtained through searching for published articles using online database access, namely Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, and Oxford Academic. The results of the literature review showed that nine research articles were analyzed. The results of the study found that mutations of the Covid-19 virus variant and increased transmission ability of the virus were the most common things found from the literature review and found the influence of work related to the risk of exposure to the Covid-19 virus and individual behavior as a result of the literature review findings that affected the occurrence of Covid-19 infection 19 despite getting vaccinated. Suggestions for a literature review for factors associated with the occurrence of covid-19 infection postvaccination is that it is necessary for the community and every individual to continue to prevent and control Covid-19. Prevention and control implement the health protocols such as 3M, 3T, and support the implementation of vaccinations."

"UMKM menjadi salah satu yang terkena dampak kesehatan akibat adanya pandemi COVID-19. Melindungi para pekerja UMKM dari ancaman virus COVID-19 penting dilakukan dengan melakukan vaksinasi booster. Meningkatkan penerimaan vaksin booster COVID-19 pada pekerja perlu dilakukan dengan menggunakan intervensi promosi kesehatan dengan pendekatan pendidikan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis intervensi promosi kesehatan dengan pendekatan pendidikan kesehatan pada pekerja UMKM dalam penerimaan vaksin booster COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed-method menggabungkan kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang dilaksanakan bulan Mei-Juni 2022 di UMKM X Bintan dengan 13 responden, 3 informan utama, dan 3 informan kunci. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap secara kuantitatif setelah diberikan intervensi promosi kesehatan. Peningkatan dapat dilihat dari persentase sebelum intervensi (pengetahuan 76,1% dan sikap 61%) dan setelah intervensi (pengetahuan 85% dan sikap 67%). secara kualitatif, pekerja UMKM X mampu menjelaskan COVID-19, Dampak, Vaksinasi Booster dan efek samping. Persepsi kerentanan, para pekerja belum melakukan vaksin booster karena takut efek samping yang diterimanya. Namun, vaksin booster bukan sebuah ancaman yang berbahaya bagi mereka dan vaksin ini memiliki manfaat yang baik dalam menjaga diri dari ancaman penyebaran virus COVID-19. Persepsi hambatan dalam penerimaan vaksin booster, pekerja mengatakan hambatan yang dihadapi diantaranya ketersediaan vaksin, jadwal pelayanan yang tidak sesuai dan rasa takut akan efek samping. Pada efikasi diri, mereka yakin akan melakukan vaksinasi setelah melihat teman, lingkungan dan adanya aturan yang berlaku. Munculnya keinginan untuk melakukan vaksinasi karena adanya dorongan dari diri sendiri dan ada pengaruh sedikit dari media sosial dan para pekerja UMKM tidak ada yang menolak program vaksinasi booster pemerintah.

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MSMEs were one of the health impacts due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was important to protect MSME workers from the threat of the COVID-19 virus by carrying out booster vaccinations. Increasing the acceptance of COVID-19 booster vaccines in workers needed to be done by using health promotion interventions. The purpose of this research was to analyze health promotion interventions for MSME workers by receiving the COVID-19 booster vaccine. This research used mixed-method research combining quantitative and qualitative conducted in May-June 2022 at MSME X Bintan with 13 respondents, 3 main informants, and 3 key informants. The results of this research indicated an increase in knowledge and attitudes quantitatively after being given health promotion interventions. The improvement can be seen from the mean value before the intervention (knowledge 76,1% and attitude 61%) and after the intervention (knowledge 85% and attitude 67%). Qualitatively, MSME X workers were able to elaborate COVID-19, its Impact, Booster Vaccinations, and side effects. Perception of susceptibility, workers had not done booster vaccines due to fear of the side effects they will receive. Nevertheless, the booster vaccine was not a dangerous threat for them and this vaccine has good benefits in protecting them from the threat of the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Perceptions of obstacles in receiving booster vaccines, workers said the obstacles they faced were the availability of vaccines, inappropriate service schedules, and fear of side effects. On self-efficacy, they believed they would vaccinate after seeing friends, the environment, and the existing rules. The emergence of the desire to vaccinate was due to self-indulgence and there was a little influence from social media and none of the MSME workers refused the government's booster vaccination program."