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"Disfagia merupakan ketidakmampuan menelan dengan cara yang aman dan efisien, yang dihasilkan dari berbagai kondisi medis. Identifikasi awal gangguan menelan sangat penting untuk dilakukan karena dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi seperti dehidrasi, malnutrisi, dan pneumonia aspirasi. Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) merupakan suatu alat uji penapisan disfagia yang menggunakan 3 konsistensi berbeda untuk ditelan (semisolid, cair dan padat). Instrumen ini memungkinkan penilaian bertahap dari kemampuan menelan, memprediksi tingkat keparahan disfagia, dan memungkinkan rekomendasi tekstur diet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kesahihan dan keandalan instrumen GUSS yang diadaptasi dan diterjemahkan kedalam budaya dan bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di poliklinik Departemen Rehabilitasi Medik RSCM dari 1 Oktober 2021 hingga 31 Desember 2021. Metode yang digunakan adalah desain potong lintang dengan sampel berjumlah 47 orang. Uji kesahihan konstruk dinilai dengan menghitung nilai r hitung pada corrected item total correlation yang berkisar antara 0,502-0,913 dengan rerata 0.783. Nilai keandalan GUSS didapatkan dari uji konsistensi internal, uji test-retest, serta inter-rater. Nilai konsistensi internal koefisien Cronbach’s α keseluruhan 0,939, sedangkan nilai masing-masing subtes 0,939 pada tes menelan tidak langsung, 0,793 tes menelan langsung. Uji test-retest dengan waktu minimum dari 1 uji ke uji berikutnya adalah 2 jam, didapatkan nilai intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0,939 (95% confidence interval 0,910 – 0,962). Perhitungan uji statistik Kappa antar dua pemeriksa berdasarkan total item didapatkan nilai koefisien к=0,789 (p<0,001). Berdasarkan proses translasi, adaptasi bahasa, uji kesahihan dan keandalan maka dapat disimpulkan GUSS versi bahasa Indonesia merupakan instrumen yang sahih dan memiliki keandalan yang baik antara rater untuk digunakan sebagai alat uji penapisan tingkat keparahan disfagia di Indonesia.

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Dysphagia is the inability to swallow safely and efficiently, resulting from various medical pathologies. Early identification of swallowing disorders is very important because it can cause complications such as dehydration, malnutrition, and aspiration pneumonia. Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) is a dysphagia screening tool that uses 3 different consistencies to be swallowed (semisolid, liquid and solid). This instrument allows a stepwise assessment of swallowing ability, predicts the severity of dysphagia, and allows recommendations for dietary texture. This study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the GUSS instrument which was adapted and translated into Indonesian culture and language using the WHO guideline. This research was conducted at the RSCM Medical Rehabilitation Department Polyclinic from 1 October 2021 to 31 December 2021. The method used was a cross-sectional design with a sample of 47 people. The validity test was assessed by calculating the value of corrected item total correlation 0.783(95% confidence interval 0.502-0.913). The reliability test of GUSS is obtained from internal consistency, test-retest, and inter-rater tests. The overall internal consistency value of Cronbach's α coefficient is 0.939, while the value of each subtest is 0.939 on the indirect swallowing test, 0.793 on the direct swallowing test. Test-retest test with a minimum time from 1 test to the next test is 2 hours, obtained an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.939 (95% confidence interval 0.910 – 0.962). Calculation of the Kappa statistical test between two examiners based on total items obtained a coefficient value of к=0.789 (p<0.001). Based on the translation process, language adaptation, validity, and reliability tests, it can be concluded that the Indonesian version of the GUSS is a valid instrument and has good reliability among raters to be used as a screening test tool for the severity of dysphagia in Indonesia."

"Pasien dengan disfagia rentan mengalami komplikasi seperti pneumonia aspirasi hingga kematian. Oleh karena itu diperlukan alat skrining untuk mendiagnosis disfagia secara cepat. GUSS merupakan alat skrining dengan validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik dalam menilai disfagia, namun belum dilakukan uji diagnostik di Indonesia. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari pasien disfagia neurogenik yang kemudian menjalani pemeriksaan GUSS-INA dengan modifikasi bahan uji, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan baku emas FEES. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji diagnostik untuk melihat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas GUSS-INA sebagai metode skrining disfagia. Rerata pasien disfagia neurogenik di RSCM berusia 56 tahun dengan jumlah proporsi laki – laki lebih besar dengan penyebab tersering adalah stroke, dengan komorbid hipertensi (56.5%), dengan komplikasi pneumonia 21.7%. Sebagian besar mengalami disfagia kronik, seluruh pasien mengalami keluhan subjektif disfagia dengan 3 gejala tersering adalah batuk, tersedak, dan sulit menelan terutama konsistensi padat. Lebih dari separuh pasien membutuhkan selang makan. Rerata status gizi pasien menunjukan indeks masa tubuh 24.92, dengan rerata penurunan BB 2 kg. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan pencitraan pasien stroke, lokasi tersering berada supratentorial, dengan derajat stroke sedang. Rerata nilai GUSS 14 (disfagia sedang) pada seluruh subjek, 28.3% mengalami aspirasi. Hasil Uji diagnostik GUSS-INA sebagai alat skrining deteksi disfagia memiliki nilai Sensitivitas 84%, Spesifisitas 78%, NDP 94%, NDN 54% dan AUC 0.86. Modalitas GUSS-INA dapat dijadikan alat skrining disfagia yang cukup baik.

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Patient with dysphagia has the tendency to undergo serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia that can cause increased mortality. Screening tool to effectively diagnose dysphagia in patient with difficulty swallowing is needed. GUSS is a screening tool with good validity and reliability; however, no diagnostic test has been done in Indonesia. This study samples consisted of neurogenic dysphagia patients which underwent GUSS-INA with test material modification assessment followed by FEES as gold standard examination. Diagnostic test was then done to analyze sensitivity and specificity of GUSS-INA as dysphagia screening tool. The average age of neurologenic dysphagia patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was 56 years with higher male proportion, most common etiology was stroke, with most common morbidity being hypertension (56,5%). History of pneumonia was found in 21.7% patients.Majority of patients have chronic dysphagia, all patients had subjective dysphagia complaint with three most common symptoms being cough, choking, and difficulty swallowing especially of solid texture. More than half of the patients needed feeding tube. The average of BMI was 24.93, with average weight loss of 2 kg. Based on radiology results on post-stroke cases, the most common lesion was supratentorial, with moderate stroke score. Average GUSS score is 14 (moderate dysphagia) from all subjects and in 18.3% patients aspiration in found. Diagnostic test result of GUSS-INA as screening tool for neurogenic dysphagia had 84% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 94% PPV, 54% NPV, and AUC of 0.86. GUSS-INA could be used as a screening tool for dysphagia."

"This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of the diagnosis and management of dysphagia, with particular reference to oral and pharyngeal dysfunction. All aspects of dysphagia are covered, from anatomy and physiology to patient care. Alongside descriptions of a variety of disease entities, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches, many other relevant topics are addressed, including endoscopic and manometric aspects, malnutrition and dehydration, the psychiatric burden, and features specific to pediatric and geriatric patients. The authors are without exception renowned experts in their field. This book will be of value to all specialists involved in the evaluation and treatment of dysphagia, including ENT surgeons, thoracic surgeons, speech and language pathologists, phoniatricians, gastroenterologists, neurologists, and radiologists."

"Gangguan menelan atau disfagia sering dijumpai pada pasien stroke, kanker kepala dan leher, serta lansia. Disfagia dapat meningkatkan risiko malnutrisi, aspirasi, dan kematian. Pasien disfagia juga rentan mengalami ansietas atau depresi yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup. Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) merupakan instrumen swaisi yang dirancang khusus untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien disfagia. Instrumen DHI terdiri dari 25 pertanyaan yang meliputi penilaian domain fisik, fungsional, dan emosional, serta telah diterjemahkan dan divalidasi dalam berbagai bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas dan reliabilitas DHI versi Bahasa Indonesia. Kuesioner DHI diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia melalui proses forward translation dan backward translation, serta cognitive debriefing. Hasil terjemahan balik juga didiskusikan dan disetujui oleh penulis utama DHI. Kuesioner DHI versi Bahasa Indonesia (DHI-INA) final kemudian diujikan kepada 46 subjek dengan berbagai etiologi disfagia. Sebanyak 20 subjek kemudian melakukan pengisian ulang satu minggu setelah pengisian pertama. DHI-INA menunjukkan korelasi yang kuat antara masing-masing domain dan skor total [fisik (r = 0,93); fungsional (r = 0,97); emosional (r = 0,93); dan keparahan (r = 0,84)]. Konsistensi internal DHI-INA juga menunjukkan nilai yang baik (Cronbach's = 0,87), begitu pula uji tes-retest untuk skor total (ICC = 0,94). Tingkat keterbacaan DHI-INA setara dengan kelas 7 berdasarkan formula grafik Fry. Kuesioner DHI-INA merupakan kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien disfagia.

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Swallowing problem or dysphagia often found in stroke patients, head and neck cancer, and elderly. Dysphagia increases the risk of malnutrition, aspiration, and death. Patient with dysphagia also prone to have anxiety or depression which has an impact on decreasing quality of life. The Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is a self-administered instrument specially designed to assess the quality of life of dysphagic patients. The DHI instrument consists of 25 questions covering physical, functional, and emotional aspects and has been translated and validated into various languages. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of DHI. The DHI questionnaire was translated into Indonesian through a forward and backward translation process, and cognitive debriefing. The backward translation results were discussed and approved by the lead author of DHI. The final Indonesian version of the DHI Questionnaire (DHI-INA) was then tested on 46 subjects with various etiologies of dysphagia. A total of 20 subjects were then refilled one week after the first administration. DHI-INA showed strong correlation between each domain and total score [physical (r = 0.93); functional (r = 0.97); emotional (r = 0.93); and severity (r = 0.84)]. The internal consistency of DHI-INA was also good (Cronbach's a = 0.87), as well as test–retest reliability for the total scores (ICC = 0.94). The readability level of DHI-INA is 7th grade using the Fry graph formula. The DHI-INA questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the quality of life of dysphagia patients."

"Latar belakang: Identifikasi dan deteksi dini gangguan komunikasi pada bayi dan anak membutuhkan alat uji penapisan sahih, andal, mudah diaplikasikan oleh orangtua/ pengasuh. Instrumen CSBS DP ITC adalah alat skrining yang sahih dan andal mendeteksi gangguan komunikasi anak, namun belum diterjemahkan dan diuji kesahihan dan keandalan dalam bahasa Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui kesahihan dan keandalan CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat uji penapisan gangguan komunikasi anak 6-24 bulan.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang di Poliklinik TKPS/ RS Cipto Mangukusumo Jakarta (Februari-Mei 2019) dua tahapan. Tahapan pertama kesahihan interna 2 periode yaitu pertama, adaptasi transkultural kuesioner CSBS DP ITC bahasa asli ke bahasa Indonesia dan kedua, pengujian kuesioner CSBS DP ITC versi bahasa Indonesia kepada 35 orangtua/ pengasuh. Uji kesahihan dianalisis menggunakan Spearman Correlation, uji keandalan dianalisis menggunakan Alpha Cronbach s coefficient. Tahapan kedua kesahihan eksterna, uji diagnostik CSBS DP ITC dibandingkan BSID III skala bahasa sebagai baku emas kepada 147 orangtua/ pengasuh dan 147 anak.Hasil: Kesahihan interna CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia umumnya baik dengan nilai r > 0,3. Keandalan CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia baik dengan Alpha Cronbach s (0,876-0,896). Kesahihan eksterna CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia mendapatkan sensitifitas 71,43% dan spesifisitas 81,48%.Simpulan: Kuesioner CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia terbukti sahih dan andal sebagai alat uji penapisan gangguan komunikasi anak usia 6-24 bulan

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Background: Early identification and detection of communication disorders in children require valid and reliable screening tool that easily to apply. The CSBS DP ITC is a valid and reliable screening tool to detect communication disorder in children, but it has not translated and tested for validity and reliability in Indonesian language.

Objective To find out validity and reliability of CSBS DP ITC Indonesian version as a screening tool for communication disorders in children aged 6-24 months.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in clinic of Growth Development- Social Pediatric / Cipto Mangukusumo Hospital Jakarta (February - May 2019) in two stages. First stage was internal validity consisting 2 periods, transcultural adaptation from original language to Indonesian and second stage was final Indonesian CSBS DP ITC questionnaire was tested to 35 parents / caregivers. Validity analyzed using Spearman Correlation. Reliability analyzed using Alpha Cronbach s coefficient. Second stage was external validity by compared CSBS DP ITC with BSID III language scale as gold standard to 147 parents / caregivers and 147 children.

Results: Internal validity showed good validity with r > 0.3. Reliability showed good with Alpha Cronbach (0.876-0,896). External validity has 71.43% sensitivity and 81.48% specificity.

Conclusion: Indonesian CSBS DP ITC questionnaire valid and reliable as screening test for communication disorders in children aged 6-24 months."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Gangguan otot rangka merupakan gangguan yang paling sering dialami oleh pekerja VDT yang salah satu faktor risikonya adalah posisi kerja yang tidak ergonomis. Untuk menilainya dapat dilakukan secara subjektif dengan suatu kuesioner yang valid supaya hasilnya yang diperoleh dapat akurat. Oleh karena itu, kami melakukan uji validasi dan reliabilitas terhadap VICO DSE Checklist sebagai instrumen penilai bahaya pajanan ergonomi pekerja VDT di kantor.Metode : Penelitian potong lintang dengan mengambil data dari pekerja kantor Jakarta VICO Indonesia Desember 2013 – Januari 2014 dan menggunakan data sekunder VICO DSE checklist pada bulan Agustus 2013. Dikumpulkan karakteristik dari subjek penelitian, dan dilakukan analisis uji validasi dengan menggunakan korelasi product moment dari Pearson dan uji reliabilitas dengan Cronbach alpha.Hasil : Dilakukan proses back translate-translate kuesioner VICO DSE Checklist, diskusi dengan tim panel, dan proses cognitive debriefing sehingga didapatkan kuesioner VICO DSE Checklist berbahasa Indonesia yang final. Terdapat 154 responden yang mengikuti penelitian ini dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan data VICO DSE Checklist yang didapatkan pada bulan Agustus 2013. Hasil perhitungan korelasi product moment terhadap VICO DSE Checklist didapatkan hasil 15 butir pertanyaan tidak valid dan perlu dilakukan revisi serta 23 pertanyaan yang siap dipergunakan. Uji reliabilitas mendapatkan hasil yang baik dengan koefisien Cronbach alpha 0.715-0.815.Kesimpulan : VICO DSE checklist masih dapat digunakan untuk menilai pajanan ergonomis namun disertai catatan penjelasan khusus serta wawancara terarah pada pertanyaan yang kurang valid.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Musculoscleteal disorder is the common disorder in VDT worker. One of the risk factor is unergonomical working position. We can evaluate the working position subjectively by valid checklist so we can get the accurate result. Therefore we will conduct validity and reliability test of VICO DSE Checklist as ergonomic hazard screening tool for VDT worker in the office.Method : This was a cross sectional study performed by data collection from VICO Indonesia Jakarta office worker in December 2013-January 2014. Variable analyzed were characteristics of the subjects, validity test using Pearson’s product moment, and reliability test using Cronbach alpha.Result : This study conducted back translate – translate process for VICO DSE Checklist, discussion with panel team, and cognitive debriefing process so it produced final VICO DSE Checklist Indonesian version. One hundred and fifty four subject was recruited and the result was compared to VICO DSE Checklist result done in August 2013. The product moment corelation of VICO DSE Checklist found that 15 questions are not valid and must be revised and 23 questions were able to used direclty in the questionnaire. Reliability test found good internal consistency with Cronbach alpha coefisien 0.715-0.815.Conclusion : VICO DSE checklist can still be used as a ergonomic screening tool when it is conducted through guided interview with special note to unvalid questions. "

"Pendahuluan: Selama masa pandemi, tenaga kesehatan mengalami peningkatan stresor di tempat kerja yang membuat mereka lebih rentan terhadap masalah kesehatan mental. Universitas Guyana mengembangkan kuesioner SSTRESS 1 untuk mengidentifikasi stresor yang dirasakan oleh petugas kesehatan selama pandemi. Kuesioner SSTRESS 1 perlu divalidasi sebelum dapat digunakan di Indonesia.Metode: Studi validasi dengan validasi dan adaptasi trans-kultural, proses penerjemahan ke bahasa Indonesia dilakukan dengan metode ISPOR. Uji reliabilitas dilakukan dengan konsistensi Internal Cronbach’s alpha lebih besar dari 0,6. Analisis faktor dilakukan untuk menyelidiki faktor yang terbentuk dari kuesioner ini berdasarkan budaya lokal dengan >0,3 sebagai muatan minimum untuk masing-masing pertanyaan.Hasil: Uji menghasilkan kuesioner SSTRESS 1 versi Bahasa Indonesia dengan 18 pertanyaan valid dengan Cronbach’s alpha 0,919. Enam pertanyaan dikeluarkan karena korelasi antar item < 0,03. Frustrasi, tekanan dan beban kerja adalah faktor-faktor yang menyusun kuesioner ini.Kesimpulan: Kuesioner SSTRESS 1 Bahasa Indonesia terdiri dari 18 pertanyaan dengan 3 faktor yaitu frustrasi, tekanan dan beban kerja. Eksternal validasi menggunakan SRQ-20 menunjukkan korelasi yang positif

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Background: During pandemic healthcare workers suffered from an increased stressor in their workplace which make them more vulnerable to mental health problems. University of Guyana developed SSTRESS 1  questionnaire to identify stressor perceived by healthcare workers during pandemic. SSTRESS 1 questionnaire need to be validated before it can be used in Indonesia.

Method: Validation study with trans-cultural validation, translation process to Bahasa Indonesia done with ISPOR method. Reliability test carried out with Internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha greater than 0.6. Analysis factor conducted to investigate factor made from this questionnaire based on local culture with > 0.3 as minimum loading for each question.

Result: Test generate 18 valid questions form SSTRESS 1 questionnaire version of Bahasa Indonesia with Cronbach’s alpha 0.919. Six questions are excluded as the inter-item correlation < 0.03.  Frustration, pressure and workload are factors composed this questionnaire.   

Conclusion: SSTRESS 1 questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia consist of 18 questions with 3 factors i.e. frustration, pressure and workload. External validation with SRQ-20 shown positive correlation."

"Komplikasi medis dalam perawatan gigi diprediksi meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan  usia harapan hidup. Hal ini terjadi karena banyaknya penyakit sistemik yang dikendalikan oleh pengobatan jangka panjang. Diketahuinya riwayat medis secara menyeluruh untuk menilai risiko yang dapat terjadi sebelum, selama, dan sesudah prosedur dental sangat diperlukan. Kuesioner European Medical Risk-Related History (EMRRH) merupakan kuesioner yang telah digunakan secara luas di benua Eropa sebagai alat ukur penapisan risiko medis pada pasien gigi.  Sampai saat ini di Asia, khususnya di Indonesia belum ada instrumen serupa yang digunakan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk melakukan adaptasi lintas budaya, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta uji sensitivitas dan spesifisitas (dengan konfirmasi verbal oleh dokter umum dan hasil pemeriksaan medis lengkap sebagai baku emas) kuesioner EMRRH pada sampel kecil populasi Indonesia yang berada di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional. Sebanyak 172 responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Nilai koefisien relevansi penilaian pakar ahli sebesar 0,91 dan nilai signifikansi (p) validitas konstruk dan diskriminan < 0,05. Nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,79, nilai kappa inter-examiner dan intraexaminer sebesar 0,86 dan 1, dan nilai Intraclass Correlation Coeficient (ICC) sebesar 0,85. Nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas adalah 69,31% dan 92,20%. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kuesioner EMRRH versi bahasa Indonesia valid, reliabel, sensitif, dan spesifik untuk digunakan dalam menilai risiko medis pasien pada populasi penelitian.

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Medical complications during dental treatment are increasingly predicted, since life expectancy is longer as the illness has been controlled by long term medications. A thorough medical history to measure medical risks that may occur before, during and after dental procedures is required. The European Medical Risk-Related History (EMRRH) questionnaire has been used  in Europe, to detect medical problems and determine the degree of risk. However such questionnaire has not been developed in Indonesia. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability test, and sensitivity and specificity test of EMRRH questionnaire to small Indonesian-speaking population are the purpose of this study by using cross-sectional design. In results, there were 172 respondents contributing in this study. The relevant coefficient from content validity was 0.91 with p value of contruct and discriminant validity was < 0.05. The Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.79, inter-examiner and intra-examiner Kappa were 0.86 and 1, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) score was 0.85. The sensitivity and specificity values were 69.31% and 92.20% with verbal confirmation by physicians and medical test results during 6 months as the gold standards. In conclusion, the Indonesian version of EMRRH questionnaire is valid, reliable, sensitive, and specific in research population."

"Latar belakang. OCS merupakan instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk penapisan ganguan fungsi kognitif. Instrumen ringkas, domain spesifik, dan mampu untuk penapisan afasia dan pengabaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas OCS-INA.Metode. Proses adaptasi dan translasi OCS sesuai kaidah WHO, kemudian dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas OCS-INA. Populasi penelitian subjek berumur > 18 tahun dengan fungsi kognitif normal menggunakan Moca-INA. Penelitian dilakukan di panti sosial dan fasilitas kesehatan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Hasil. 104 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebagian besar laki-laki (51,92%). Usia berkisar antara 20 sampai 87 tahun dengan prevalensi usia tertinggi > 60 tahun (60%), tingkat pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Atas (35,58%) dan kebanyakan tidak bekerja (62,5%). Uji validitas menggunakan rumus koefisien korelasi spearman, nilai valid pada hampir semua domain yaitu nilai r hitung > r tabel (0,1927). Uji reliabilitas Kappa p didapatkan interpretasi kesepakatan dominan sangat baik pada 6 tugas pemeriksaan, yaitu tugas semantik (0,874), orientasi (0,842) memori verbal (0,822), memori episodik (0,870) dan tes lapang pandang (1,000). Nilai baik didapatkan pada tes penamaan gambar (0,774), membaca (0,726) dan kalkulasi (0,774).Kesimpulan. OCS-INA valid dan reliabel sebagai instrumen untuk penapisan gangguan kognitif dan bisa melengkapi instrumen yang sudah digunakan sebelumnya.

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Background. OCS is an instrument that can be used to screen impaired cognitive function. This is a compact, domain specific and capable instrument for aphasia and neglect screening. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of OCS-INA.

Method. The process of adaptation and translation of OCS according to WHO rules, then tested the validity and reliability of OCS-INA. The study population was subjects > 18 years old with normal cognitive function using Moca-INA. The study was conducted in social institutions and health facilities that met the inclusion criteria.

Results. 104 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Most of the subjects were men (51.92%). Age of subjects ranged from 20 to 87 years with the highest age prevalence > 60 years (60%), high school education level (35.58%) and most of them were not working (62.5%). The validity test uses the Spearman correlation coefficient formula, the valid value in almost all domains is the calculated r value > r table (0.1927). Kappa p reliability test showed that the dominant agreement interpretation was very good on 6 examination tasks: semantic (0.874), orientation (0.842) verbal memory (0.822), episodic memory (0.870) and visual field test (1,000). Good scores were obtained in the picture naming test (0.774), sentence reading (0.726) and calculation (0.774).

Conclusion. OCS-INA is valid and reliable instrument for cognitive impairment screening and can complement the instruments that have been used previously."