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"Ada dua tujuan yang ingin dilihat dalam penulisan tesis ini. Pertama, untuk melihat apakah terdapat indikasi moral hazard di bank umum syariah (batasan moral hazard adalah moral hazard tidak langsung, yaitu suatu kondisi dimana bank kurang berhati-hati dalam memberikan pembiayaan sehingga menimbulkan moral hazard di sisi debitur) dan untuk melihat apakah kebijakan pembiayaan di perbankan syariah dipengaruhi oleh sistem profit sharing. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari laporan keuangan publikasi bulanan bank umum syariah yaitu BSM dan BMI, pada periode Januari 2001 s.d Desember 2004. Hasil penelitian dengan metode Error Correction Model (ECM), dalam keseimbangan jangka panjang, peningkatan rasio alokasi pembiayaan murabahah terhadap pembiayaan musyarakah dan mudharabah meningkatkan rasio non performing financing, yang jika dikaitkan dengan hipotesis berarti terdapat indikasi moral hazard di sisi bank BMI. Indikasi moral hazard menunjukkan bank kurang berhati-hati dalam menyalurkan pembiayaan atau bank kurang melakukan monitoring. Hal ini sekaligus menunjukkan kelemahan dalam sistem operasional di bank syariah karena belum dapat meng-counter terjadinya moral hazard di sisi debitur. Dari basil pengujian dengan Uji Kausalitas Granger ditemukan bahwa rasio nisbah bagi basil antara bank dengan debitur menyebabkan rasio return namun tidak menyebabkan alokasi pembiayaan. Sebaliknya rasio alokasi pembiayaan menyebabkan rasio nisbah, bahkan untuk kasus BSM, rasio return juga mempengaruhi rasio nisbah. Gambaran ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio nisbah selain sebagai instrumen dalam perhitungan distribusi pendapatan jugs menjadi alat bagi bank syariah dalam menyesuaikan tingkat imbal hasil bank syariah dengan tingkat bunga di bank konvensional.

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There are two purposes that want to be assessed in this thesis. The first purpose is to indicate whether the moral hazard problems are occurred in the Indonesian Sharia Bank (The moral hazard in this thesis is the Indirect Moral Hazard which is the negligence of bank in the financing process influencing the moral hazard problems of the debtor in the other side. The second purpose is to asses whether the financing policies in the Sharia Banking are influenced by profit sharing system. The data for assessing this thesis are acquired from the monthly financial reports published by Sharia Banks such as BSM and BMI from January 2001 to December 2004. The research based on the Error Correction Model in the long term shows that the increasing of allocation ratio of Murabahah to Musyarakah and Mudharabah results the increasing of non performing financing ratio. It indicates that the moral hazard problems are occurred in BMI. The moral hazard indication demonstrates that bank is both less careful in financing and less incentive in monitoring process. It also demonstrates the weakness of the Sharia bank's operational system in countering the debtor's moral hazard. The Granger Causality Test proves that profit sharing ratio (nisbah) between bank and debtor influences return ratio, however it does not influence financing allocation). On the other hand, financing allocation ratio influences nisbah ratio, furthermore in BSM case, return ratio influences nisbah ratio. This description shows that nisbah ratio is not only an instrument for calculating revenue/return distribution but also an instrument for Sharia bank in synchronizing profit sharing level with the interest rate in conventional bank."

"There are two purposes that want to be assessed in this paper. The first purpose is to indicate whether the moral hazard problems are occurred in the Indonesian Sharia Bank (The moral hazard in this paper is the Indirect Moral Hazard which is the negligence of bank in the financing process influencing the moral hazard problems of the debtor in the other side. The second purpose is to assess whether the financing policies in the Sharia Banking are influenced by profit sharing system. The data for assessing this paper are acquired from the monthly financial reports published by Sharia Banks such as BSM and BM] from January 2001 to December 2004. The research based on the Error Correction Model in the long term shows that the increasing of allocation ratio of Murabahah to Musyarakah and Mudharabah results the increasing of non performing financing ratio. It indicates that the moral hazard problems are occurred in BM]. The moral hazard indication demonstrates that bank is both less careful in financing and less incentive in monitoring process. It also demonstrates the weakness of the Sharia bank ?s operational system in countering the debtor's moral hazard. The Granger Causality Test proves that profit sharing ratio (nisbah) between bank and debtor influences return ratio, however it does not ?influence financing allocation). On the other hand, financing allocation ratio influences nisbah ratio, furthermore in BSM case, return ratio influences nisbah ratio. This description shows that nisbah ratio is not only an instrument for calculating revenue/return distribution but also an instrument for Sharia bank in synchronizing profit sharing level with the interest rate in conventional bank."

"There are two purposes that want to be assessed in this study The _first purpose is to indicate whether the moral hazard problems are occurred in the Indonesian Sharia Bank (The moral hazard in this paper is the indirect Moral hazard which is the negligence of bank in the financing process influencing the moral hazard problems of the debtor in the other side. The second purpose is to assess whether the _financing policies in the Sharia Banking are influenced by profit sharing system, The data for assessing this paper are acquired from the monthly financial reports published by Sharia Banks such as BSM? and BMI from January 2001 to December 2004.

The research based on the Ever Correction Model in the long term shows that the increasing of allocation ratio of Murabahah to Musyarakah and Mudharabah results the increasing of non performing financing ratio. It indicates that the moral hazard problems are occurred in BML The moral hazard indication demonstrates that bank is both less careful in financing and less incentive in monitoring process. It also demonstrates the weakness of the Sharia bank's operational system in countering the debtor's moral hazard The Granger Causality Test proves that profit sharing ratio (nisbah) between bank and debtor influences return ratio, however it does not influence financing allocation). On the other hand _financing allocation ratio influences nisbah ratio, furthermore in BSM case, return ratio influences nisbah ratio. This description shows that nisbah ratio is not only an instrument for calculating revenue/return distribution but also an instrument for Sharia bank in synchronizing profit sharing level with the interest Vale in conventional bank."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi penentuan indicative rate penghimpunan dana pihak ketiga dan penentuan margin pembiayaan non bagi hasil di Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasional. Sedangkan analisis data dengan menggunakan data panel pooled least square model. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang signifikan secara statistik mempengaruhi penentuan indicative rate penghimpunan dana pihak ketiga adalah pertumbuhan biaya overhead, risk factor, suku bunga Bank Indonesia, deposito rate 1 bulan bank konvensional. Sedangkan faktor yang signifikan secara statistik mempengaruhi penentuan margin pembiayaan non bagi hasil adalah pertumbuhan biaya overhead, pertumbuhan bagi hasil dana pihak ketiga. Pertumbuhan profit target, risk factor dan suku bunga Bank Indonesia. Dengan demikian variable pertumbuhan bagi hasil dana pihak ketiga. dan pertumbuhan profit target tidak signifikan secara statistik mempengaruhi penentuan indicative rate penghimpunan dana pihak ketiga. Sedangkan variahel lending rate bank konvensional tidak signifikan secara statistik mempengaruhi penentuan margin pembiayaan non bagi hasil.

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This research aims to know the factors which affect indicative rate formulation of 3rd party fund gathering and margin formulation of non profit sharing financing in Indonesia Muamalat Bank. This research in done with descriptive correlation method, where as the data's analyzed with panel data. Pooled least square model.

It shows here in this research statistically. significant factors which affect indicative rate formula of 3rd party fund gathering are overhead cost, risk factor, interest of Indonesia Bank and one month deposit rate of conventional hank. Where as, statistically significant factors which affect margin formulation of non profit sharing financing are overhead cost, profit sharing of' 3rd party, profit target, risk factor and the interest of Indonesia Bank.

Statistically, therefore. variable of 3rd party profit sharing and profit target are unsignificant affecting the indicative rate formulation of 3rd party fund gathering. Whereas, statistically lending rate variable of conventional bank are unsignificant affecting margin formulation of non profit sharing financing."

"Seiring perkembangan global khususnya dalam dunia teknologi, praktik layanan jasa keuangan hari ini mulai bergeser dari pelayanan offline menuju online. Namun, kenyataannya masyarakat Indonesia masih belum terbiasa dalam menggunakan fasilitas layanan keuangan digital, sehingga agenda pengadaan jaringan kantor di tengah masyarakat merupakan praktik layanan jasa keuangan yang masih dapat dikatakan efektif. Untuk itu, penelitian ini akan menganalisis hubungan antara pertumbuhan jumlah jaringan kantor perbankan syariah terhadap jumlah dana pihak ketiga yang berhasil dihimpun dan pembiayaan yang berhasil disalurkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analisis model regresi linear berganda, dimana variabel independen yang gunakan merupakan variabel-variabel yang telah diuji dalam penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa jumlah jaringan kantor tidak signifikan memberikan pengaruh terhadap jumlah dana pihak ketiga yang berhasil dihimpun serta jumlah pembiayaan yang disalurkan baik oleh Bank Umum Syariah dan Unit Usaha Syariah.

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Global developments, especially in the technological sector, todays financial services practice began to shift from offline to online service. However, so that the number of Indonesian costumer is still not accustomed to utilize financial services facilities that based on technology, so that the agenda of office (network/branch) in the nearby area is still considered to be effective. Hence, this research will analyze the relationship between the growing number of Islamic banks offices to the amount of deposit and financing. The study used a quantitative research approach with the method of multiple linear regression models, in which the independent variables used were tested variables in the previous study. The results of this study revealed that the number of office networks does not significantly affect the amount of deposit that were successfully compiled and the amount of financing distributed by Islamic banks and Islamic business units."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembiayaan profit loss sharing terhadap risiko kredit pada bank syariah pada negara Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Bahrain, Kuwait. Penelitian ini mengetahui peran karakteristik dari bank dan negara seperti ukuran bank, tingkat pembiayaan, dan tingkat inflasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Random Effect Model dengan data panel periode tahun 2013-2022. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 19 perusahaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pembiayaan mudharabah memiliki pengaruh terhadap risiko kredit dan pembiayaan musyarakah tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap risiko kredit.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of profit loss sharing financing on credit risk in Islamic banks in countries Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Bahrain, Kuwait. This research determines the role of bank and country characteristics such as bank size, financing levels, and inflation rates. The method used in this research is the Random Effect Model with panel data for the period 2013-2022. The sample used in this research was 19 companies. The results of this research found that mudharabah financing has an influence on credit risk and musyarakah financing has no influence on credit risk."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perhitungan bagi hasil deposito mudharabah pada deposan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencari tahu mengenai bagi hasil antara deposan (shahibul maal) dengan bank syariah (mudharib). Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga ingin membandingkan antara return on equity (ROE) dan return on mudharabah deposit (ROMD) pada lima bank umum syariah yaitu, Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, Bank Syariah Mega dan Bank Syariah Bukopin. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan lima bank umum syariah, statistik perbankan syariah dari Bank Indonesia.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bagi hasil pada deposito mudharabah pada bank syariah cenderung fluktuatif tergantung keuntungan bank syariah (mudharib) dalam mengelola dana. metode revenue sharing merupakan metode bagi hasil yang digunakan oleh bank umum syariahdi Indonesia. Hasil perbandingan antara return on equity (ROE) dan return on mudharabah deposit (ROMD) menunjukkan bahwa ROE > ROMD, yaitu variance paling besar terdapat pada Bank Syariah Mandiri dengan 61,46%.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the calculation for the deposits mudharabah for the depositor. The study was conducted to find out about the revenue sharing between depositors (shahibulmaal) by Islamic banks (mudharib). In addition, this study also wanted to compare the return on equity (ROE) and return on mudharabah deposit (ROMD) at five Islamic banks namely, Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank SyariahMandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, Bank Mega Syariah and Bank Syariah Bukopin. The data usedin this studyin the form of annual reports and financial statements ofthe five Islamic banks, Islamic banking statistics of Bank Indonesia.These results indicate that mudharabah deposits in Islamic banks tends to fluctuatedepending on theprofitsof Islamic banks(mudharib) in managing the funds. Revenue sharing method is a method used by Islamic banks in Indonesia. The results ofthe comparison between the return on equity(ROE) and return on mudharabah deposit (ROMD) shows that the ROE > ROMD, the greatest variance contained in Bank Syariah Mandiri with 61.46%."

"Bank Umum Syariah menjadi kontributor terbesar dalam mendukung keuangan syariah dengan total aset pada tahun 2020 sebesar 397,07 trilliun yang menggambarkan perkembangan kinerja Bank Umum Syariah dalam menghadapi pandemic COVID-19 terlihat baik. Namun, tidak bisa dipungkiri perbankan syariah pun ikut terdampak karena adanya pandemic COVID-19 ini dimana terjadi nya penurunan penyaluran dan pengembalian pembiayaan dan Bank Umum Konvensional pun ikut terdampak karena adanya pandemic COVID-19 dilihat dari terjadi Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh COVID-19, Inflasi, dan Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum (studi kasus : Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia dan Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia) dengan rentang waktu tahun 2016-2021 melalui data panel. Pada penelitian ini Random Effect Model yang digunakan untuk melihat hasil estimasi. Hasil estimasi penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pandemic COVID-19 berdampak negatif terhadap kinerja bank yang diukur melalui ROA, ROE, dan NIM baik Bank Umum Syariah maupun Bank Umum Konvensional dibuktikan dengan adanya pertumbuhan ROA,ROE,NIM yang menurun ketika tahun 2020-2021. Kemudian, inflasi berpengaruh signifkan negatif terhadap Bank Umum Syariah yang diukur melalui ROE, namun tidak terdampak apabila diukur ROA dan NIM serta dibandingkan dengan Bank Umum Konvensional yang tidak terdampak oleh inflasi baik diukur ROA,ROE,dan NIM.

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Islamic Commercial Banks are the largest contributor to supporting Islamic finance with total assets in 2020 amounting to 397.07 trillion which illustrates the development of Islamic Commercial Bank performance in dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic looks good. However, it cannot be denied that Islamic banking has also been affected due to the COVID-19 Pandemic where there has been a decrease in distribution and return of financing and Conventional Commercial Banks have also been affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic as seen from the occurrence This study discusses the effect of COVID-19, Inflation, and Profit-Sharing Financing on Commercial Bank profitability (case study: Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia and Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia) with a time span of 2016-2021 through panel data. In this study, the Random Effect Model was used to see the estimation results. The estimation results of this study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on bank performance as measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM for both Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks as evidenced by the growth of ROA, ROE, NIM which decreases in 2020-2021. then, inflation has a negative significant effect on Islamic Commercial Banks as measured by ROE, but is not affected when measured by ROA and NIM and compared to Conventional Commercial Banks which are not affected by inflation as measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) bank umum beserta kendala yang dihadapi oleh perbankan terhadap pertumbuhan PDB sub sektor bank di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan ialah data time series selama periode 2000 kuartal 1- 2014 kuartal 4 dengan menggunakan estimasi Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan jumlah kantor cabang, pertumbuhan DPK, dan suku bunga rill berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan PDB sub sektor bank di Indonesia sedangkan variabel NPL dan suku bunga modal kerja rill berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan PDB sub sektor bank di Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dijelaskan bahwa pertumbuhan PDB sub sektor bank yang tergantung kepada input bank seperti jumlah kantor cabang bank dan DPK yang merupakan variabel dominan dalam menciptakan dan mendorong pertumbuhan PDB sub sektor bank di Indonesia melalui peningkatan jasa-jasa yang dapat diberikan oleh perbankan terhadap masyarakat.

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This study aims to determined how to influence of third party funds growth and their constraints by banks to growth of sub sector banks in Indonesia The data of this study is time series for the period 2000 Q1 to 2014 Q4 and used Ordinary Least Square OLS The estimation results have shown that growth in the number of branch offices growth in deposits and interest rates rill have positive effect on growth of sub sector banks in Indonesia while variable NPL and interest rates on working capital rill negatively affect growth of sub sector banks in Indonesia This can be explained that growth of sub sector banks depend on the input of banks such as bank branches and deposit are the dominant variable in created and pushed growth of sub sector bank in Indonesia by enhanced the services that can be provided by banks on society."

"Umar Chapra menyatakan, sistem ekonomi Kapitalis dan sosialis yang melatar belakangi munculnya perbankan konvensional telah gagal, maka munculnya perbankan dengan prinsip syariah merupakan jalan tengah dan solusi dari kebuntuan ekonomi. Di Indonesia konsep bank syariah diperkenalkan dengan didirikannya PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk (BMI) tahun 1991., diprakarsai Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan didukung para pengusaha dan cendekiawan muslim. Tercatat, bank umum yang beroperasi dengan prinsip syariah berjumlah 13 Bank Umum, hampir 90 BPRS Berta LKM Syariah berupa BMT yang jumlah zibuan dengan pertumbuhan hampir 23 persen pertahun. Artinya perbankan syariah punya tantangan tersendiri sehingga perlu di kelola secara baik dan profesional.Salah satu hal terpenting adalah meminimalis resiko bank kecil dalam penyaluran pembiayaan Bank harus mampu membuat perjanjian (akad) secara benar dan sesuai syariah. Benar yaitu telah memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian menurut Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata dan secara substansial telah sesuai menurut hukum Islam. Dari beberapa perjanjian yang telah diteliti, bisa dikatakan syarat formal dan substansial telah terpenuhi, Namun ada satu hal yang belum tercover yaitu Klausula Force Majeure/keadaan mamaksa. Perlunya kausula karena disanalah ciri khas perbankan syariah yaitu ada pembagian keuntungan dan resiko secara proposional dan bank ikut menanggung resiko juga.Walau dalam praktek saat ini bisa dikatakan sebenarnya sama sekali tidak ada bank syariah yang berbagi resiko dan kerugian karena semua perjanjian telah diproteksi untuk melindungi bank. Selain itu mekanisme pembagian hasil adalah Revenue Sharing. Hal disebabkan karena moral hazard pelaku usaha di Indonesia masih tinggi sekali sehingga mekanisme bagi hasil ideal Profit sharing berdasarkan pendapatan bersih tidak dilakukan karena punya resiko besar. Agar pertumbuhan perbankan syariah lebih balk, maka perlu pars pengelola danalnasabah yang telah mendapatkan pembiayaan untuk menjaga akuntabilitas dengan menjalankan usaha sesuai Good Corporate Governance Principle."