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"Probiotics, product containing viable, defined and sufficient microorganisms that beneficially alfects the host, has shown cholesterol-lowering effect in in vitro, animal and human studies. However, studies in human showed inconclusive findings.

A randomized double-blind two-way cross-over study was conducted to investigate whether daily supplementation of yoghurt enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus improves lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic Indonesian adult males. Each period of treatment was 4 wk, separated by a 2 wk washout period. During both treatment periods, subjects consumed daily either yoghurt enriched with Lacidophilus FNCCI I6 (test yoghurt) or traditional yoghurt (control yoghurt).

By the end of the first period, serum total cholesterol concentration of subjects in test group was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to those in control group (21 0.4 kurang lebih 8.3 vs 226.8 kurang lebih 4.5 mg/dL); and the concentration in both groups was significantly lower compared to baseline. The reduction, however, was not significantly different between groups (-6.0 kurang lebih 2.0 vs -5.9 kurang lebih 2.1 %). There were no significant differences between groups on other lipid profile variables i.e serum LDL-C, HDL-C, tryglicerides, and LDL/HDL ratio, after supplementation. No significant differences on all lipid profile variables between groups were observed after supplementation at the second treatment period and when the treatment period was combined. However, there was a tendency that test group had better lipid profile, except for triglycerides, than control group (p<0.05 for LDL/HDL ratio; p=0.053 for LDL-C).

This cross-over study showed that daily supplementation of yoghurt enriched with Lacidophilus FNCCI 16 showed hypocholesterolemic effect only at the first period, but not at the second and the combined periods."

"Anemia has long been recognized as a serious public health problem in many developing countries. WHO reported at an INACG meeting and estimated that 2 billion people were anemic. Based on the public health viewpoint, most cases of anemia are nutritional anemia and defined in the year 1968 WHO technical report as a condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients, regardless ofthe cause of such deficiency.The causal relationship between iron deficiency and physical work capacity is evaluated through a systematic review of research literature, including animal and human studies. The presumed mechanism for this effect is the reduced oxygen transport associated with anemia; tissue iron deficiency may also play a role through reduced cellular oxidative capacity.The effects of anemia on physical activities and work performance have been studied in several countries such as Indonesia and China. A study in Indonesia found a significantly lower output of anemic Indonesian rubber plantation workers than the non-anemic workers. The Vietnam national survey in anemia l995 revealed that the prevalence of anemia was 40.2 % among non-pregnant women; it was also high among males around 20 %), whereas the prevalence of iron deficiency among non pregnant women was not very high (33.3 %). Therefore, multivitamin supplementation may reduce the anemia prevalence among Vietnamese non pregnant workers. Some main problems of an anemia control program (in scale of 113 districts of Vietnam) were side effects and the unpleasant taste of iron tablets; it caused the low compliance of iron tablet consumption. On the other hand, multi vitamin tablets have no side effect and have a palatable taste, thus it may be well accepted."

" In the Philippines and in many other countries, not so many studies have been conducted with prisoners specifically on their protein and nutritional status. Thus, this study was conducted among adult male inmates in San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, Zamboanga City, Philippines in January 2001 with the objective to determine the association between protein and energy intakes and nutritional status, among adult male inmates. The study was cross sectional and included 105 randomly selected adult male inmates. Data were collected using interview, anthropometries and biochemical assessments procedures. Results of the study evidently showed: the present protein and energy intakes and nutritional status of the inmates were good and it was reflected in the biochemical assessment. The diet of the inmates was sufficient with regard to total protein, calcium, iron vitamin A and riboflavin and very deficient in total energy, ascorbic acid, niacin and thiamin. With the exception of bananas no fruit has been served during the survey. Animal protein constitutes very low and most of their dietary protein source was derived from plant specifically green mug bean which was easily recognized by the inmates during the survey. In spite of good protein index based on biochemical assessment, the data findings also suggested that protein intake could still be improved by increasing the protein quality. Health and nutrition education should be focused and given attention as well. In conclusion, protein and nutritional status among adult male inmates in San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm were adequate based on anthropometric and biochemical assessment. "

"Latar Belakang : Masalah status gizi kurang masih menjadi salah satu problem kesehatan yang dihadapi oleh Bangsa Indonesia hingga saat ini. Berbagai program telah dicanangkan oleh pemerintah untuk menanggulanginya namun belum membuahkan hasil. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah status gizi diperlukan pemahaman yang mendalam atas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi, dimana salah satunya adalah asupan kalori harian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan asupan kalori harian. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 73 orang anak usia sekolah di Yayasan Kampung Kids dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Data yang diambil meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, berat badan, tinggi badan, indeks massa tubuh dan asupan nutrisi harian. Status gizi diukur dengan menggunakan persentil kurva Center for Disease Control (CDC) sedangkan asupan nutrisi harian dengan metode wawancara. Selanjutnya dicari hubungan antara keduanya dengan menggunakan software SPSS 11.5. Hasil : Rerata tinggi badan (132,09cm) dan berat badan (27,07kg) responden tidak ideal berdasarkan Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) 2004. Responden umumnya memiliki status gizi normal berdasarkan ketiga status gizi yaitu 50,7% (BB/U), 71,2% (TB/U), dan 63 % (IMT). Mayoritas responden mendapatkan asupan nutrisi harian yang normal (60,3%). Analisis variabel dengan menggunakan two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test untuk menentukan hubungan antara status gizi dan asupan nutrisi harian adalah p=1,000 (BB/U)., p=0,461(TB/U), dan p=0,799 (IMT). Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan kalori harian dan status gizi pada anak usia sekolah di Yayasan Kampung Kids.

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Background : Nutritional Problem has been one of many health problems which are faced by Indonesian people until now. Various programmes have been launched by the government to overcome this problem but still have not get significant result. To handle this nutritional problem, we need to understand completely about all factors influnce the nutritional status. One of those key factors is daily calorie intake.

Method: This research conducted on 73 schoolaged children who were registered in KampungKids Foundation using crosssectional method. Data collected were gender, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and daily calorie intake. Nutritional status was measured by using CDC percentile curve. In other hand, daily calorie intake data were collected by interviewing. The data then were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 software.

Result : The height average (132,09cm) and weight average (27,07kg) were not ideal according to Nutritional Sufficiency Value (AKG) 2004. Most of the respondent had normal nutritional status for all indicators : 50,7% for (Body Weight/Age), 71,2% for (Body Height/ Age), and 63% for (BMI/Age). Most of respondents had normal daily calorie intake (60,3%). Analysis of variables using two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to find the association between daily calorie intake and nutritional status gave results, p=1,000 (BW/A), p=0,461(BH/A), and 0,799 (BMI).

Conclusion : There is no significant association between daily calorie intake and nutritional status among school-aged children in Kampung Kids Foundation."

"Uji klinis paralel alokasi acak tersamar ganda ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kreatin monohidrat sebesar 20 gram/hari selama 7 hari berturut-turut terhadap kadar malondialdehida (MDA) plasma pasca latihan lari sprint pada atlet laki-laki lari jarak pendek (100 dan 200 meter), usia 18-25 tahun. Sejumlah 20 subyek dipilih dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi blok, 10 subyek kelompok perlakuan (KP) dan 10 subyek kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP mendapat kreatin monohidrat 20 gram/hari + maltodekstrin 50 gram/hari, sedangkan subyek KK mendapat maltodekstrin 50 gram/hari. Data yang diambil meliputi usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), massa lemak (ML), massa bebas lemak (MBL), cairan tubuh total (CTT), asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, kreatin, karotenoid, vitamin C, vitamin E, dan kadar MDA plasma. Pemeriksaan kadar MDA plasma dilakukan sebelum dan setelah periode perlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann-Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Analisis lengkap dilakukan pada 20 subyek yaitu 10 subyek KP [usia 18,50 (18,00-19,00 tahun)] dan 10 subyek KK [usia 18,00 (18,00-24,00 tahun)]. Kadar MDA plasma sebelum perlakuan pada KP dan KK adalah 0,32 ± 0,11 μM dan 0,33 ± 0,10 μM (p = 0,95). Kadar MDA plasma setelah perlakuan lebih rendah pada KP dibandingkan KK, yaitu KP 0,32 ± 0,11 μM dan KK 0,34 ± 0,13 μM (p = 0,66). Perbedaan perubahan kadar MDA plasma pada KP 0,00 ± 0,16 μM dan KK 0,01 ± 0,17 μM (p = 0,83). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan perubahan kadar MDA plasma setelah pemberian kreatin monohidrat 20 gram/hari pada KP dibandingkan KK. Penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan pengaruh pemberian kreatin monohidrat 20 gram/hari selama 7 hari berturut-turut dalam menurunkan kadar MDA plasma pasca latihan lari sprint pada atlet laki-laki lari jarak pendek.

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This parallel double-blind randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the effect of 20 gram/day creatine monohydrate supplementation for 7 days on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level after sprint running in male short-distance runner (100 and 200 meter) aged 18-25 years. A total of 20 subjects were selected and randomly allocated to one of two groups using block randomization, 10 subjects for treatment group (TG) and 10 subjects for control group (CG). The TG received 20 gram/day creatine monohydrate + maltodextrin 50 gram/day, and the CG received 50 gram/day maltodextrin. Data were collected in this study included age, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW), intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, creatine, carotenoid, vitamin C, vitamin E, and plasma MDA level. Assessment of plasma MDA level was carried out before and after supplementation.

Statistical analyses included independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test with significance level was 5%. Twenty subjects completed this study, 10 subjects in TG [aged 18.50 (18.00-19.00) years] and 10 subjects in CG [aged 18.00 (18.00-24.00) years]. Plasma MDA levels before treatment were 0.32 ± 0.11 μM for TG and 0.33 ± 0.10 μM for CG (p = 0.95), respectively plasma MDA levels after treatment for TG was lower than CG; 0.32 ± 0.11 μM and 0.34 ± 0.13 μM (p = 0.66). The difference of plasma MDA level for TG was 0.00 ± 0.16 μM and CG was 0.01 ± 0.17 μM (p = 0.83). No statistically significant difference was found after 20 gram/day creatine monohydrate supplementation between 2 groups. This study has not proven yet the effect of 20 gram/day creatine monohydrate for 7 days in decreasing plasma MDA level after sprint running in male short-distance runner."

"Cardiovascular disease has not only affected the quality of human resources, but also a primary cause of deathin Indonesia today. The high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors among diverse ethnicity in Indonesia have incurred a speculation that is closely related to the food consumption as well as nutrient intake patterns among ethnic group in Indonesia, such as Minangkabau, Sundanese, Javanese and Buginese.The general objective of this study is to study the importance of the ethnic factors for known risk factor of CVD. This study consists of three cross sectional studies. Each cross sectional study had its own objective and own sample size. The objectives of the first cross sectional study was to describe nutrient intake patterns and body mass index among the four ethnic group. The objective of the second cross sectional study was to describe lipid profiles among the four ethnic groups. While the objective of the third cross sectionl study were to assess the interplay between ethnics, nutrient intake patterns, body mass index and physical activity index as predictors determinant of lipid profiles in the study population and also to assess the association between nutrient intake patterns and lipid profiles among MInangkabau, Sundanese, Javanese and Bugines ethnic."

"Iron deficiency anemia among under live children is highly prevalent in Indonesia and is considered as a public health problem. Iron supplementation seems to be the most appropriate way to control iron deficiency in relatively short period of time. Children consume less food than adult and their diet often consists of foods with little iron content and poor iron bioavailability. Additional iron to food for children is therefore necessary. One possible food chosen as alternative vehicle to prevent iron deficiency among children is bread. This study gave iron supplementation using bread as vehicle which provided 25% of daily iron requirement of preschoolers to address iron deficiency problem in relatively short period of time.The study report is arranged and divided into three parts- Part I includes the background of the study, problem statement, rationale of the study, literature review, hypotheses, objectives and variable-indicator matrix.Part 2 is the manuscripts for publication. The manuscript ?The efficacy of iron supplementation using bread as vehicle of preschoolers in Surabaya, East Java? is written for submission to Asia Pasific Journal. This pan consists of abstract, introduction, materials and methods including study and subjects, sample size, study design, data collection, statistical analysis, ethical consideration, results, discussion, conclusion and references.Part 3 describes the questionnaire used for 'the data collection, detailed methodology and important results that have not been presented in the manuscript, ethical consideration, grant approval, references and curriculum vitae."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku gizi seimbang pada siswa SMPN setelah mendapatkan intervensi dengan menggunakan jingle, leaflet, dan video. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan leaflet sebagai kontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 71 siswa kelas VIII di SMPN terpilih. Kelompok jingle berjumlah 22 siswa, kelompok video berjumlah 24 siswa, dan kelompok leaflet sebanyak 25 siswa. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan 5 kali pada setiap kelompok selama 6 minggu yang terdiri dari 1 kali pre test dan 4 kali post test untuk melihat pola dan retensinya. Uji statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan di dalam masing-masing kelompok maupun perbedaan diantara kelompok menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku di dalam masing-masing kelompok. Sementara untuk peningkatan rata-rata skor pengetahuan setelah intervensi pada kelompok video lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok yang lain. Peningkatan rata-rata skor sikap setelah intervensi pada kelompok jingle paling tinggi diantara ketiga kelompok, sedangkan untuk peningkatan rata-rata skor perilaku diantara ketiga kelompok tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05).

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The purpose of this research is to understand the changement of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of balance nutrition on junior high school students after being intervened by jingle, leaflet, and video. Quasy experiment method is the research plan that has been choosen with leaflet become control group. This experiment is done to 71 student of the 8th grade in the several junior high schools. There are 22 students who receive jingle, 25 students with leaflet, and 24 students with video. The data is taken five times in each group, included 1 pre test and 4 post test to see the pattern and retention.

The statistic experiment used to analyse the changement within or between in each group is ANOVA. The research shows that there is changement of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour in each group. In the end the development of knowledge score?s average after being intervened in the video group is higher than another groups. The average of attitude score is higher in the jingle group. There is no difference in the average of behaviour score in three groups (p>0,05)."

"Tinggi badan merupakan salah satu indeks antropometri yang digunakan untuk menilai status gizi. Namun berbagai kondisi seperti kecacatan, kelainan tulang belakang, amputasi kaki, maupun disabilitas lainnya membuat pengukuran tinggi badan aktual tidak dapat dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, adanya metode alternatif yag dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor tinggi badan menjadi penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model prediksi tinggi badan pada kelompok usia dewasa muda berdasarkan korelasinya dengan tinggi lutut dan karakteristik individu yang diperkirakan berhubungan dengan tinggi badan, yaitu jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, panjang badan lahir, dan usia puber. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 75 laki-laki dan 75 perempuan yang merupakan mahasiswa FKM UI dengan kisaran usia 20 ? 40 tahun pada bulan April 2012.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tinggi lutut memiliki korelasi yang sangat kuat terhadap tinggi badan pada usia dewasa dengan nilai r = 0,921. Demikian pula semua karakteristik individu yang diteliti memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan tinggi badan. Sedangkan model prediksinya adalah : Tinggi Badan (cm) = 57,824 + 2,132 (Tinggi Lutut (cm)) ? 3,965 (Jenis Kelamin), dengan koefisien 0 untuk laki-laki dan 1 untuk perempuan. Disarankan agar dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar, cakupan usia yang lebih luas, dan dengan menyertakan variabel etnis agar persamaan yang dibuat menjadi lebih representatif lagi untuk digunakan di Indonesia.

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Height is one of the most important anthropometric indexes to determine people?s nutritional status. But in some particular cases, e.g.: impairment, disabilities, spine curving, and amputated leg, the actual height measurement could be impossible to measure. These conditions encouraged the presence of researches aiming to find the alternative methods to predict actual height. The purpose of this study was to find a formula referred to the correlation of height with knee height, sex, birth weight, birth length, and pubertal age in adult population. The design study was cross sectional and total of 75 men and 75 women aged 20 ? 40 years were participated in this study that held on April 2012.

The result of this study shown a very strong correlation between height and knee height of adults (r = 0,921), and the other variables studied in this study also significantly correlated with height. Multiple regression analysis has done and it generated a formula to predict adults? height in this population: Height (cm) = 57,824 + 2,132 (Knee Height (cm)) ? 3,965 (Sex), with 0 as a cofficient for men and 1 is for women. Nevertheless, more further research with more specific variable, and even more participants with wider age range is still needed to complete the result of this study."

"ABSTRACTSoybean oil was used for deep frying with chicken at 180 C. 60 min for 2 and 4 times. The Fresh or heated oils were them supplemented with the basal diet for 10% (w/w). Thirthy-three male albino rats, 5 weeks olds were used in this study. They were divided into 3 groups based on their initial body weights and blood cholesterol levels and were fed diet supplemented with fresh, 2-time heated, or 4-time heated soybean oils. During 3 week period that 3 diets were given, body weight and food intake were determined. After this 3-weeks testperiod, the rats were weighrd and sacrified. Blood samples were taken form the heart. Livers and kidneys were remove and weighed. Iodine number, peroxide number, and vitamin E content of oils were also measured. there were no differences between rats fed fresh, 2 -time heated or, 4 time heated soybean ois for body weight, food intake, liver and kidney weights, and blood cholestrol levels (p>0,05). Iodine number which expresses the degree of unsaturatuin of fatty acids in the oil was decreased significantly in both 2-time heated and 4-time heated soybean oil compared to fresh soybean oil (p<0.001). In this study, it could concluded that soybean oil which has been used for deep frying at 180 C for 60 min for 4 times still retain its nutritive value"