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"Antalgin dan klorfeniramin maleat merupakan bahan kimia obat yang seringkali ditambahkan pada obat tradisional pegal linu atau reumatik, sehingga diperlukan metode analisis untuk identifikasi bahan kimia obat tersebut dalam obat tradisional. Metode analisis menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) dengan detektor photodiode array telah dikembangkan dan dioptimasi untuk identifikasi antalgin dan klorfeniramin maleat dalam sediaan serbuk obat tradisional. Spiked sampel dipreparasi melalui pemisahan dengan solid phase extraction menggunakan catridge mixed mode exchanger (MCX) dengan tujuan meminimalisir pengaruh matriks. Pemisahan secara kromatografi dilakukan dengan menggunakan kolom C18 Waters-Xbridge (4,6 x 250 mm, ukuran partikel 5 μm), dengan fase gerak dapar fosfat pH 3,72 dan asetonitril (85:15), program gradien, dengan kecepatan alir 1,0 mL/menit. Kondisi optimum ini membutuhkan waktu analisis 21 menit. Uji perolehan kembali untuk antalgin 93,10%-105,43% dan untuk klorfeniramin maleat 69,76%-77,09%, dan batas deteksi untuk antalgin adalah 0,10 μg/mL dan untuk klorfeniramin maleat adalah 0,19 μg/mL.

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Antalgin and chlorpeniramine maleat are usually found in stiffness or rheumatic traditional medicine as adulterants, analytical method is required to identification that adulterants in traditional medicine. Analysis method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector has been developed and optimation for identification of antalgin and chlorpheniramine maleat in traditional medicine powder. Preparation of spiked sample using solid phase extraction with mixed mode exchanger (MCX) catridge for minimization of the matrix effect. Chromatographic separation using column C18 Waters-Xbridge (4.6 x 250 mm, particle size 5 μm), phosphate buffer pH 3.72 and acetonitril (85:15) as the mobile phase, gradient program, at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. This Optimum condition need 21 minutes for analysis. Recovery ranged for antalgin from 93.10%-105.43% and 69.76%-77.09% for chlorpheniramine maleat dan limit of detection of antalgin is 0.10 μg/mL and for chlorpheniramine maleat is 0.19 μg/mL."

"This book introduces the peridynamic (PD) differential operator, which enables the nonlocal form of local differentiation. PD is a bridge between differentiation and integration. It provides the computational solution of complex field equations and evaluation of derivatives of smooth or scattered data in the presence of discontinuities. PD also serves as a natural filter to smooth noisy data and to recover missing data.This book starts with an overview of the PD concept, the derivation of the PD differential operator, its numerical implementation for the spatial and temporal derivatives, and the description of sources of error. The applications concern interpolation, regression, and smoothing of data, solutions to nonlinear ordinary differential equations, single- and multi-field partial differential equations and integro-differential equations. It describes the derivation of the weak form of PD Poissons and Naviers equations for direct imposition of essential and natural boundary conditions. It also presents an alternative approach for the PD differential operator based on the least squares minimization."