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"Methodologically and theoretically innovative, this monograph draws from Marxism and deconstruction bringing together the textual and the material in our understanding of international law. Approaching 'civilisation' as an argumentative pattern related to the distribution of rights and duties amongst different communities, Ntina Tzouvala illustrates both its contradictory nature and its pro-capitalist bias. 'Civilisation' is shown to oscillate between two poles. On the one hand, a pervasive 'logic of improvement' anchors legal equality to demands that non-Western polities undertake extensive domestic reforms and embrace capitalist modernity. On the other, an insistent 'logic of biology' constantly postpones such a prospect based on ideas of immutable difference. By detailing the tension and synergies between these two logics, Tzouvala argues that international law incorporates and attempts to mediate the contradictions of capitalism as a global system of production and exchange that both homogenises and stratifies societies, populations and space."

"It is a good time in which to be a thinker about the remarkable present and the daunting future of the human world. The present volume will encourage more thinkers and more thought. It could not be more timely or more necessary.' - From the foreword by Philip Allott. Summary :This pioneering Research Handbook with contributions from renowned experts, provides a comprehensive scholarly framework for analyzing the theory and history of international law"

"Rights and Civilizations, translated from the Italian original, traces a history of international law to illustrate the origins of the Western colonial project and its attempts to civilize the non-European world. The book, ranging from the sixteenth century to the twenty-first, explains how the West sought to justify its own colonial conquests through an ideology that revolved around the idea of its own assumed superiority, variously attributed to Christian peoples (in the early modern age), Western 'civil' peoples (in the nineteenth century), and 'developed' peoples (at the beginning of the twentieth century), and now to democratic Western peoples. In outlining this history and discourse, the book shows that, while the Western conception may style itself as universal, it is in fact relative. This comes out by bringing the Western civilization into comparison with others, mainly the Islamic one, suggesting the need for an 'intercivilizational' approach to international law."

"Penggunaan kekuatan di dalam hukum internasional dibagi menjadi penggunaan kekuatan tanpa senjata dan penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata. Penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata kerap digunakan oleh otoritas suatu negara terhadap negara lain, yang salah satunya terlihat dari adanya intervensi, sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh pasukan militer Rusia terhadap Georgia di wilayah Ossetia Selatan pada Agustus 2008 lalu. Pelaksanaan penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata oleh suatu negara terhadap negara lain sesungguhnya merupakan tindakan yang dilarang di dalam hukum internasional. Larangan tersebut salah satunya dapat dilihat di dalam Pasal 2 ayat (4) Piagam PBB. Namun demikian, hukum internasional juga memberikan dua kondisi utama yang mengizinkan pelaksanaan penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata sebagaimana diatur di dalam Pasal 51 Piagam PBB dan Bab VII Piagam PBB. Di dalam prakteknya, negara-negara kerap menggunakan kekuatan bersenjata berdasarkan alasan lain di luar pengaturan Pasal 51 Piagam PBB dan Bab VII Piagam PBB. Rusia di dalam intervensinya terhadap Georgia bersandar di balik alasan intervensi kemanusiaan, perlindungan terhadap warga negara di luar negeri, dan bela diri. Sementara Georgia berlindung di balik alasan bela diri.

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Use of force in international law is divided into use of unarmed force and use of armed force. Use of armed force is frequently employed by an authority of a certain state towards other state, which can be seen in an intervention, for instance military intervention of Russia?s army towards Georgia in South Ossetia during August 2008. International law prohibits the use of armed force, the prohibition itself can be found in Article 2 par.4 UN Charter. However, international law grants two circumstances which authorize use of armed force. The provision itself can be found in Article 51 UN Charter and Chapter VII UN Charter. Practically, States frequently use armed force due to other reason beyond the one that stipulated in Article 51 UN Charter and Chapter VII UN Charter. The intervention or Russia towards Georgia lied within the reason of humanitarian intervention, protection of civilians abroad, and self defense. Meanwhile, Georgia solely use of its armed force in reason of self-defense."

"Theory of international law to the pattern of international relations in the seventeenth-century era of absolute monarchies and how' inapplicable his theory was to the facts of international society of today. Dr. Grob shows how inapplicable to those facts are the philosophical and natural-law definitions of war. More­ over, “ war in the legal sense” or “ war in the sense of international law,” if capable of definition, cannot be defined with assurance we can’t define international law and ascertain its.This book is one of law and of the science of law generally. It is not confined to international law, but analytical jurisprudence too."

""International Law is the definitive and authoritative text on the subject, offering Shaw's unbeatable combination of clarity of expression and academic rigour and ensuring both understanding and critical analysis in an engaging and authoritative style. Encompassing the leading principles, practice and cases, and retaining and developing the detailed references which encourage and assist the reader in further study, this new edition motivates and challenges students and professionals while remaining accessible and engaging. Fully updated to reflect recent case law and treaty developments, this edition contains an expanded treatment of the relationship between international and domestic law, the principles of international humanitarian law, and international criminal law alongside additional material on international economic law""