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Imelda T. Angeles-Agdeppa
"Prevalensi anemia di negara berkembang masih tetap tinggi meskipun program suplementasi tablet besi-asam folat telah dilaksanakan dalam skala besar. Dampak suplementasi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti rendahnya kepatuhan minum tablet, efek samping yang kurang disukai, persediaan tablet kurang, rendahnya jangkuan program, status vitamin A yang rendah dan hambatan asorpsi zat besi karena suplementasi zat besi setiap hard.
Strategi yang mungkin dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan prevalensi dan mengatasi masalah operasional adalah pemberian suplemen multi-vitamin mineral selama masa remaja dengan dosis lebih rendah dan frekuensi pemberian yang lebih jarang/tidak setiap hari.
Suatu penelitian kros-seksional telah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi dasar tentang status gizi dan kesehatan remaja laki-laki serta putri yang telah mendapat haid pada tiga buah sekolah menengah yang dipilih secara acak di Jakarta Timur. Usia rata-rata remaja laki-laki adalah 14,8 tahun dan remaja putri 15,6 tahun. Para remaja tersebut berasal dari keluarga golongan sosial ekonomi mengengah. Prevalensi "thinness" lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (43%) daripada yang putri (10,2%) dan kelebihan berat badan lebih banyak pada remaja putri (32,9%). Prevalensi "stunting" pada remaja laki-laki dan putri (22%). Prevalensi anemia lebih tinggi pada remaja putri (21%) daripada laki-laki (2,5%).
Setelah penelitian kros-seksional, dilakukan intervensi/suplementasi dengan tujuan menentukan pengaruh multivitamin-mineral dalam berbagai dosis pada hemoglobin, feritin plasma dan status vitamin A remaja putri. Tiga ratus enam puluh tiga subyek dipilih secara acak yaitu remaja putri yang telah mendapat haid, dengan kisaran usia 14-18 tahun dan tidak menderita clamant, infeksi saluran nafas, atau penyakit "gastro intestinal". Pengelompokan subjek menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan (tiga kelompok mendapat suplemen dan sate mendapat plasebo) dilakukan secara "double-blind". Pil suplemen yang mengandung: 60 mg zat besi el, 2500 SI vitamin A, 250 ug asam folat, dan 60 mg vitamin C diberikan kepada kelompok dosis harian (DD); 60 mg zat besi el, 20 000 SI vitamin A, 500 g g asam folat dan 60 mg vitamin C untuk kelompok setiap minggu dosis rendah (WLD); ] 20 mg zat besi el , 20 000 SI vitamin A, 500 lag asam folat dan 60 mg vitamin C untuk kelompok setiap minggu-dosis tinggi (WHD), dan kelompok terakhir diberi pil plasebo (PL). Pil multi-vitamin dan mineral tidak dapat dibedakan dari pil plasebo secara kasat mata. Sebelum suplementasi didapati prevalensi anemia yang tinggi (21%), feritin plasma rendah (37%), dan retinol plasma rendah (31%).
Suplementasi selama 8 minggu menaikkan secara bermakna kadar hemoglobin (Hb), feritin plasma (FP), retinol plasma (RP), tinggi badan dan skor tes prestasi sekolah, semua kelompok yang mendapat suplemen. Kenaikan kadar FP kelompok dosis harian (DD) lebih besar (bermakna) daripada kelompok dosis setiap minggu.
Penambahan vitamin A dalam pd suplemen meningkatkan kadar RP dan rupanya berpengaruh pada penggunaan zat besi secara efisien untuk erythropoiesis. Peningkatan pada kelompok plasebo (PL) tidak jelas sebabnya, tetapi ada kemungkinan pengaruh obat cacing.
Peningkatan prestasi sekolah dapat disebabkan oleh peningkatan penyediaan zat besi dalam otak dan distribusinya ke sel-sel otak yang penting untuk kelancaran fungsi neuron "dopaminergic". Suplementasi multi-vitamin dan mineral dapat memacu pertumbuhan linier tetapi tidak mengkompensasi kehilangan awal. Bertambahnya tinggi badan karena suplemen multivitamin-mineral dapat dikaitkan Dengan perbaikan status zat, besi yang meningkatkan oksidasi dan penyediaan energi untuk propliferasi sal. Prevalensi "stunting", "thinness" dan kelebihan berat tidak berkurang. Berat badan rupanya tidak dipengaruhi oleh suplementasi multi- vitamin dan mineral.
Peningkatan masa suplementasi sampai 12 minggu tidak menghasilkan peningkatan Hb dan RP pada kelompok multi-vitamin dan mineral, tetapi memberikan waktu yang lebih lama untuk meningkatkan (bermakna) FP pada kelompok dosis mingguan..Pada kelompok dosis harian (DO) kadar FP bertambah tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna darn kadar pads minggu ke 8.
Tidak ada perbedaan efek dosis-frekuensi dari berbagai komposisi pil multi-vitamin dan mineral untuk seluruh rnasa suplementasi kecuali kenaikan FP yang menyolok kelompok dosis harian (DD) pada minggu ke-8.
Selama masa 12 minggu, "individual lobe counts" dari granulosit (gejala defisiensi asam folat) setiap kelompok dalam kisaran normal sedangkan subjek penelitian tidak menderita demam, infeksi saluran pernafasan dan infeksi saluran pencernaan. Dengan demikian penyebab anemia dalam penelitian i:ni disebabkan oleh kelcurangan zat besi dan/atau kekurangan vitamin A.
Pada minggu ke 36 (24 minggu atau 6 bulan setelah akhir suplementasi) subyek yang sama diperiksa lagi untuk menilai sisa (retention) pengaruh suplementasi multivitamin-mineral pada kadar Hb, FP, RP dan pertumbuhan badan.
Semua kelompok yang mendapat suplemen, kadar RP dan tinggi badannya tetap lebih tinggi secara bermakna. Kadar Hb yang lebih tinggi (bermakna) hanya terdapat pada kelompok mingguan-dosis-rendah (WLD), sedangkan kadar FP yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada kedua kelompok mingguan (WLD, WHD). Kadar Hb dan FP cenderung menurun mulai akhir suplementasi sampai minggu ke 36 sesudahnya.
Oleh sebab itu suplementasi mingguan dengan pit dosis rendah (WLD) yang mengandung 60 mg zat besi el, dan 20 000 SI vitamin A, 500 μg asam folat dan 60 mg vitamin C selama 12 minggu, dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai strategi pencegahan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan, status gizi, dan skor tes prestasi belajar para remaja sebelum hamil. Suplementasi berkala perlu dilakukan setiap 6 bulan. Namun demikian perencana program perlu memperhatikan bahwa meskipun program suplementasi besi adalah jalur utama untuk menanggulangi anemia, di dalamnya harus ada pendidikan gizi antara lain tentang petunjuk aturan minum pil suplemen . Suatu strategi campuran yang seimbang yang terdiri dari strategi jangka menengah yang berhubungan dengan fortifkasi pangan dan strategi jangka panjang yang bertujuan mengubah kebiasaan makan melalui pendidikan gizi harus menjadi bagian program suplementasi zat besi untuk memastikan kesinambungan dari program.
Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah subyek yang lebih besar perlu dilakukan untuk menunjang/menegaskan basil penelitian ini dan mengetahui peranan kekurangan zat gizi lain yang berkaitan dengan anemia seperti protein, Cu, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, dan vitamin B12. Kadar RP yang tidak berubah pada minggu ke 12 perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Dosis vitamin yang lebih rendah (10.000 SI) mungkin cukup untuk meningkatkan kadar retinal. Selain itu karena keterbatasan waktu penelitian ini perlu dilakukan penelitian longitudinal suplementasi multi-vitamin-mineral mingguan dosis rendah (WLD). Penelitian operasional tentang sistem penyampaian (delivery system) suplemen multi-vitamin-mineral di sekolah-sekolah juga penting dipertimbangan.

Prevalence of anemia (IDA) in pregnant women in Indonesia as well as in other developing countries is still high despite of large scale iron supplementation program. Reasons of ineffectiveness are poor compliance, law coverage, occurrence of iron dosage blockage, and law vitamin A status.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to obtain information on the health and nutritional status of randomly selected 118 males and 805 female school-going adolescents in three randomly selected high schools in East Jakarta. The prevalence of IDA was higher in females (21%) than in males (2.5%). Stunting was prevalent in both sexes (22%). The prevalence of thinness was higher in males (43%) than in females (10.2%), overweight was higher (32.9%) in females than in males (9.3%).
An intervention study for 12 weeks followed the cross-sectional study. This was to determine the effects of different regimens of multi-nutrient supplements on iron and vitamin A status of randomly selected 363 females in one randomly selected school .Allocation to 4 treatment groups were double-blind and all pills were similar on sight. Supplements contained 60 mg el iron, 2 500 IU vitamin A, 250 pg folic acid, and 60 mg vitamin C for the daily dose (DD); 60 mg el iron, 20 000 IU vita min A, 500,ag folic acid and 60 mg vitamin C for the weekly law dose (WLD); 120 mg el iron, 20 000 IU vitamin A, 500/,g folic acid and 60 mg vitamin C for the weekly high dose (WHD); and the last group was the Placebo (FL).
Supplementation significantly increased Hb, plasma ferritin (PF), and plasma retinol levels (PR) at the end of 8 weeks in all multi-supplemented groups. DD had significantly higher PF than the weekly doses. Other benefits were increased linear growth and test scores. The PL had significant decreased Hb and PF but increased PR.
Extending the supplementation period for 12 weeks resulted in no greater benefit in Hb and PR levels in the multi-nutrient supplemented groups but further significant increases in PF only in the weekly groups. All groups had further increased height.
At 36 weeks, a follow-up study was done to assess the retention of effects of multi-nutrient supplements on iron and vitamin A status of females as basis for the interval of supplementation. Remaining number of samples were: DD=37, WLD-45, WHD=40, PL =50. Hb, PF, PR and height in the WLD; PF, PR, and height in the WHD; PR and height in the DD remained significantly higher than baseline values.
The WLD supplement for 12 weeks every 6 months can be a possible preventive strategy to improve the iron status of female adolescents.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 1996
D45
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bui Dai Thu
"ABSTRACT
The overall objectives of this study were to determine and compare the efficacy of daily vs weekly supplementation with iron, vitamin A, and zinc in children. Furthermore, the impact of supplementation on disease incidence (Diarrhea, Acute Respiratory Infection) and growth performance was investigated Subjects was children aged 6-24 months from rural households in Chi Lang Bac commune of Thanh Mien district, Hai Duong province, Vietnam.
The research was designed as a randomized double-blind placebo-control trial. A total of 168 children were divided into 3 groups: daily, weekly, and placebo treatment lasted 12 weeks. Data on biochemical were collected at start and the end of supplementation. Data on growth were collected at start, end, and 3 months after the supplementation ended Supplements contained 333 lug retinol (1100 IU), 8 mg el. iron, 5 mg el. zinc for the daily dose (DD); 1700 pg retinol (5600 IU), 20 mg el. iron, 17.4 mg el. Zinc for the weekly dose (WLD); and the last group was the placebo (PL).
After 12-week supplementation, increase for Hb, retinol, and zinc concentrations in the supplemented DD and WLD were similar (P>0.05) and significant higher (P<0.01) from those in the PL. The improvement of all anthropometric indices were similar between supplemented DD, and WLD with PL at the end, and at 3 months after the supplementation (P>0.05). In stunted children at baseline, changes for HAZ in the supplemented DD and WLD were similar (P>0.05) and significant higher (P<0.05) from those in the PL at 3 months after the supplementation. Incidence of Diarrhea and ARI in supplemented DD and WLD groups were similar (P> 0.05) and significant lower (P<0.01) compared with those in the PL at the end of 12-week supplementation.
The WLD multi-nutrient supplementation for 12 weeks can be a possible preventive strategy to improve the iron, vitamin A, and zinc status of children aged 6-24 months."
1997
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Son, Truong Hong
"Anemia has long been recognized as a serious public health problem in many developing countries. WHO reported at an INACG meeting and estimated that 2 billion people were anemic. Based on the public health viewpoint, most cases of anemia are nutritional anemia and defined in the year 1968 WHO technical report as a condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients, regardless ofthe cause of such deficiency.
The causal relationship between iron deficiency and physical work capacity is evaluated through a systematic review of research literature, including animal and human studies. The presumed mechanism for this effect is the reduced oxygen transport associated with anemia; tissue iron deficiency may also play a role through reduced cellular oxidative capacity.
The effects of anemia on physical activities and work performance have been studied in several countries such as Indonesia and China. A study in Indonesia found a significantly lower output of anemic Indonesian rubber plantation workers than the non-anemic workers. The Vietnam national survey in anemia l995 revealed that the prevalence of anemia was 40.2 % among non-pregnant women; it was also high among males around 20 %), whereas the prevalence of iron deficiency among non pregnant women was not very high (33.3 %). Therefore, multivitamin supplementation may reduce the anemia prevalence among Vietnamese non pregnant workers. Some main problems of an anemia control program (in scale of 113 districts of Vietnam) were side effects and the unpleasant taste of iron tablets; it caused the low compliance of iron tablet consumption. On the other hand, multi vitamin tablets have no side effect and have a palatable taste, thus it may be well accepted."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2002
T9292
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nguyen, Thi Lam
"Vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency anemia and growth retardation have long been three of the main health problems in Vietnam. The National vitamin A distribution program for preschool children started since 1988. However, some studies outside Vietnam showed that this method does not maintain the retinal status until the next vitamin A capsule distribution. (Bloem et al 1989). Iron intervention and fortified supplementary feeding have not been done in preschool children. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of vitamin A and iron fortified soybean milk (SBM) supplementary feeding on nutritional status of Vietnamese preschool children. The study consisted of 5 parts: The relative bioavailability test of iron in SBM fortified with 300 EtgRE and 5 mg of iron pyrophosphate, the acceptability test of fortified SBM by preschool children, the study in the per/-urban area, the study in the rural area and the intervention study in the rural area. The fortified SBM with a relative bioavailability of 45% was very well accepted by the rural preschool children attending day-care centers. The studies in the peri-urban and rural areas were done at day-care centers on boys and girls aged respectively 15-72 and 8-62 months, 438 and 417 children. Inadequate dietary intake, high infectious diseases and high worm infestation were detected in both areas. The rural children had significantly worse nutritional status in terms of serum retinol (SR) and physical growth status. However, the prevalence of anemia was about 20% in both areas. Considering this condition, the 5 months intervention study was carried out in the same rural area with the same subjects and number. Before randomly allocated into three groups, the stool of all subjects was examined and Mebendazole was given to those parasite egg positive subjects. The groups received respectively fortified SBM (FSBM), unfortified SBM (UFSBM), and cassava cookies (CC). The FSBM, UFSBM, CC contained respectively 150, 150, 45 kcal; 300, 50, 0 pgRE and 6.8, 1.8, 0.7mg of iron. These supplementary foods were given daily, 6 days a week, at the DCC and provided an additional in percentage of RDA the following: FSBM 12% of energy, 70% of vitamin A, 30% of iron; UFSBM 12% of energy, 12% of vitamin A, 8% of iron; CC about 3% of energy, o% of vitamin A and iron. The daily food of the subjects provided 88.8% energy, 104% iron, 78.5% vitamin A in percentage of (FAO/WHO/UNU 1985, FAO/WHO 1988) 's RDA.
Five months of intervention significantly increased serum retinol (SR), hemoglobin (Hb), and physical growth status of all three groups. The best effect was found in the FSBM group. The difference in effect between groups was marginal for SR (p=0.07) and significantly different for Hb (p-0.02). The serum ferritin (SF) significantly increased in the FSBM group only. The mean values of the FSBM group for weight, height, WAZ-score, HAZ-score were significantly higher than the CC group.
The best effect found in the FSBM group could be the effect of vitamin A and iron fortification but also of the protein and fat of SBM. The last also explains the improvement found in the UFSBM group. The increase of SR in all the three groups could be the effect of the "intervention" (Hawthorn) but also of deworming which was also shown by other studies. The increase in Hb and SF of the three groups could be related to age increase considering the length (5 months) of the intervention. The increase in Fib concentration could be related to the improvement of vitamin A status.
The supplementary feeding using FSBM, preceded with deworming had an excellent effect on the improvement of SR and Hb concentration of preschoolers. Both fortified and UFSBM led to improved physical growth status of preschool children.
As bioavailability of iron was low and the serum ferritin did not increase significantly, further research is needed: to identify iron compound suitable for fortification and higher level of iron (3 mg of elemental iron/30 g soybean milk powder), in combination of vitamin C for better effects of supplementation."
1997
D249
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Judhiastuti Februhartanty
"Although iron is the most abundant element ¡n the universe , anemia is still the most prevalent nutritional disorders worldwide including in Indonesia. Among other approaches of combating iron deficiency anemia, iron supplementation is known to be the simplest and most effective way in improving iron status. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of iron supplementation given during menstruation as compared with weekly administration using the same dosage and number of iron tablets.
The findings of this study are reported in three parts. Part I contains introduction which consists of background, problem statement and rationale, literature review, causal model, hypotheses, objectives, variables and indicators. This part supports the idea of the study. Manuscript for publication that covers main methods and findings of this study ¡s presented in part Il. The last part is appendices which comprise questionnaires, detailed methodology, detailed results, informed consent and ethical approval, references, Asia Pacific Journal of Chnical Nutrition?s guidelines for contributors, and curriculum vitae."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 1999
T1865
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Amatus Bille
"ABSTRACT
The relationship between serum vitamin A level and protein-energy status of 61 children in Jakarta was studied. The children 1 - 6 years old either received vitamin A supplements at various times, or never received any vitamin A supplements at all.
There was a high prevalence of PEM among the sample and their energy and vitamin A consumption were low, though protein intake was adequate.
The serum vitamin A levels of PEM children who received vitamin A supplements tended to decline more rapidly with time after supplementation compared to their non-PEM counterparts.
A positive correlation, though weak, was also observed between serum vitamin A level and Wt/Age of the children.
It was thus concluded that the fast decline in serum vitamin A level of PEM children could predispose them to vitamin A deficiency despite vitamin A supplementation. It was also suggested that further investigation is needed on the relationship between Wt/age and serum vitamin A level, because if such a relationship is established, Wt/age could be a very useful index for identifying children who are "at risk" of developing vitamin A deficiency."
1990
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ervina Kalinda
"Anemia pada remaja putri diduga memiliki peran besar sebagai penyebab terjadinya. Selain anemia, status gizi ibu yang buruk juga menjadi faktor penyebab. Suplemen tambah darah dan gizi (STDG) dapat menjadi solusi untuk pemenuhan zat besi dan gizi tubuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan besi (II) glukonat (FeG) sebagai fortifikan, asam askorbat (AA) dan asam folat (AF) sebagai ko-fortifikan, dan vitamin A, vitamin B kompleks, serta zat seng sebagai senyawa tambahan. Metode mikroenkapsulasi dengan spray drying dengan material penyalut dan material pembuat ikatan silang berupa kitosan dan tripolipospat (TPP) dalam produk makanan berupa permen lunak. Analisis dilakukan secara bertahap mulai dari uji rilis besi, karakteristik fisika-kimia, dan ketersediaan hayati besi. Uji rilis besi dan ketersediaan hayati dilakukan secara invitro dengan menggunakan simulated gastric fluid (SGF) dan simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) menunjukkan pengaruh penambahan ketersediaan hayati besi terbanyak pada media dengan penambahan komponen yang paling kompleks, namun tidak terlihat pengaruh pada rilis besi. Fortifikasi mikropartikel pada permen lunak dapat menahan rilis dan meningkatkan ketersediaan hayati pada mikropatikel besi karena adanya pembentukan Polyelectron Complex (PEC) pada interaksi antara kitosan dan gelatin.

Anemia in adolescent girls is thought to have a major role as the cause of stunting. In addition to anemia, poor maternal nutritional status is also a factor causing stunting. Blood and nutritional supplements (BNS) can be a solution to fulfill iron and body nutrition. This study used iron (II) gluconate (FeG) as a fortificant, ascorbic acid (AA) and folic acid (AF) as a co-fortificant, and vitamin A, vitamin B complex, and zinc as additional compounds. Microencapsulation method using spray drying with coating materials and cross-linking materials in the form of chitosan and tripolyphosphate (TPP) in food products such as soft candy. The analysis was carried out in stages starting from the iron release test, physic-chemical characteristics, and iron bioavailability. Iron release and bioavailability tests were carried out in vitro using simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) showing the effect of adding the most bioavailability of iron to media with the addition of the most complex components, but no effect on iron release was seen. Fortification of microparticles in soft candy can resist release and increase bioavailability of iron microparticles due to the formation of Polyelectronic Complex (PEC) in the interaction between chitosan and gelatin."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2022
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Endi Ridwan
"ABSTRACT
Although iron supplementation exists for pregnant women, the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy remains high. The lack of compliance of the target group is one of the reasons which may reduce the efficacy of the supplementation program.
Recent studies in preschool children and non pregnant women has been reported that the administration of intermittent iron supplement was equally effective in improving the iron status as daily supplement.
This research was to investigate whether a weekly dose of 120 mg iron supplementation would improve the iron status in the same way as a daily dose of 60 mg iron supplementation in pregnant women.
The effect of daily vs weekly iron supplementation was studied in pregnant women in non randomized experimental community trial. The subjects were pregnant women who attended the selected Health Centers for the first time in their current pregnancy. Of the 176 pregnant women enrolled, a complete data set were available for 139 (79 %). Duration of supplementation was 8 - 20 weeks.
Three health centers each, matched with socioeconomic condition were allocated for control group and treatment group. Daily group served as control received 60 mg Fe + 0.25 mg folic acid daily (68 pregnant women), while weekly group received 120 mg Fe + 0.50 mg folic acid weekly (71 pregnant women).
Hemoglobin concentration in both group increased significantly after supplementation (p < 0.001). Improvement of hemoglobin was influenced by initial hemoglobin level (p < 0.001), and hookworm infestation (p < 0.05).
Serum ferritin level decreased in daily and weekly group (p > 0.05). Serum ferritin change was not influenced by initial hemoglobin level (p ] 0.05), however was influenced by hookworm infestation (p < 0.001).
The duration of supplementation had no effect on hemoglobin changes (p > 0.05), but it influenced serum ferritin changes (p < 0.05).
It was concluded that supplementation with 120 mg elemental iron on weekly basis had similar effects as daily dose of 60 mg on hematological status, but was not enough to improve iron stores in pregnant women.
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Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 1995
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Deby Prabu Nafita
"ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk menilai
pengaruh pemberian suplementasi Fe dan Vitamin C terhadap peningkatan nilai
estimasi VO2max pada atlet Sekolah Ragunan. Total sampel berjumlah 22 orang
yang dibagi kedalam dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Data
yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik responden berdasarkan data demografi
(umur), data antropometri (berat badan, tinggi badan, dan indeks massa tubuh),
asupan makan dan aktivitas fisik selama di asrama, dan VO2max. Intervensi yang
dilakukan adalah pemberian 100 mg ferro sulfat dan 60 mg vitamin C untuk
kelompok perlakuan, sedangkan untuk kelompok kontrol 100mg ferro sulfat dan
placebo. Suplemen diberikan selama 4 minggu dengan 3 kali pemberian setiap
minggunya. Sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dilakukan pengukuran nilai estimasi
VO2max.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian suplementasi kombinasi Fe dan
vitamin C meningkatkan nilai VO2max pada kelompok perlakuan, walaupun tidak
signifikan (p = 0,59) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok
perlakuan dan kontrol terhadap nilai estimasi VO2max setelah dilakukan
intervensi (p = 0,02). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian suplemen
Fe sebaiknya dikombinasikan dengan vitamin C agar tubuh dapat menyerap Fe
dengan optimal sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai estimasi VO2max.

Abstract
This research, an experimental study, is to identify the combination effect
of iron and vitamin C supplementation on estimated VO2max level. Samples of
research are 22 were divided into two groups, treatment and control groups. The
data cellected were age, antropometry (weight and height), nutritional status
(BMI), dietary intake, physical activity, and estimated VO2max level. The
treatment was given, 100 mg ferro sulfat and 60 mg vitamin C to treatment group,
while for control groups was given 100 mg ferro sulfat and placebo. Estimated
VO2max level was measured before and after supplementation.
The results of this research show that combined supplementation of Fe and
vitamin C increases VO2max level in treatment group, but no significants (p =
0,59). However, there was a significant increase of estimated VO2max level after
supplementation between treatment and control groups. The conclusion of this
research, iron supplementation if combined with vitamin C, is better in order to
increase Fe level."
2012
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ramiro, Georgina E.
"Female adolescents are vulnerable to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and if it persists into their reproductive years has serious implications not only for the health of their offsprings but for their own as well. An iron supplementation is warranted in order to provide sufficient iron stores prior to pregnancy and to effect desirable birth outcomes. A communication component of the supplementation is regarded as essential for improving compliance.
Therefore, an experimental community trial involving adolescent female students in two public high schools in Metro Manila was conducted between October-December 1997. The objective of the study was to asses the effect of communication on compliance to weekly iron supplementation. The students were assigned to three groups: iron plus communication (FeC group, n = 82), iron (Fe group, n = 89), and control group (n=78). The FeC and Fe groups received iron tablets containing 60 mg. Elemental iron and 250 mcg. Folic acid while the control group received placebo tablets from Physical Education Health and Music (PEHM) teachers once a week of eight subsequent weeks. Teachers assigned to the FeC group were trained communication. Comparison were made between the three groups on compliance as communication. Comparisons were made between the three groups on compliace as measured by attendance to tablet distribution and actual ingestion through stool test, record on index card and interview. Additionally, levels and prevalence of anemia were measured before and after intervention and a pre and post test about knowledge on IDA and possible causes and treatments were included. Data about side-effects, reaction from students, parents and teachers about the supplementation-communication activities and suggestions for futher improvements in conductiong such future undertaking were obtained from focus group discussions (FGDs).
Comparisons of actual tablet ingestion between the three groups showed significantly higher compliance in the FeC group (P<0.001) than in the other two group as measured by record on index card and interview desoite more side effects felt. Changes from pre to post-test knowledge scores o iron were significantly greater for the FeC group (p<0.001) than in the Fe and control groups. However, hemoglobin levels improved significantly in the Fe group (p<0.05) but not in the FeC group and remained the same in the control group. Reactions obtained through focus group discussions from parent (as reported by students), teachers and the participants found the program beneficial and feasible for implementation on a larger scale. Compliance enhancing strategies and motivational approaches for adolescent female students must consider the potential influence of family, fiends and teachers as revealed by the Venn diagram in planning iron supplementation programs with communication for this target group."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 1998
T2037
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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