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"Subsidiaries' new product launching (NPL) in a local market is believed as a source of competitive advantage in MNC operation. However, we still lack many researches to understand how the mechanism of NPL Is happened within subsidiaries' operation. Considering that NPL consist of strategic and tactical decisions, thus it become important to define the task between managers in headquarters and in subsidiaries during NPL process. Overlapping their tasks can create conflict, in one side, and ambiguity, in another side, during NPL in the local market. I argue conceptually that managers in headquarter should define strategic decisions to harmonize and to synchronize to global strategy construction. In contrast, because of subsidiaries whom know very well local environment characteristics, thus tactical decisions should be decided by managers in subsidiaries."

"Information is an important resource for new product development (NPD) process in subsidiary. However, we still lack of research to analyze NPD process from information perspective in subsidiary context. This research is an exploratory research and it exploited 8 cases of NPD process in consumer goods subsidiaries operating in Indonesian market. Three types of information have been identified and analyzed NPD process; global, regional and local information.

The result of this research reveals that new product will be resulted is determined by the type of information used. This research reveals four new product typology using information types. The semi-structured interview and archive studies generate global, regional, integrated and local NPD process. Each process has its own characteristics such as type of information used and interaction pattern among subsidiary-regional office-headquarter."

"New product launching (NPL) to the local market by subsidiary managers is a strategic activity, which requires organizational supports from MNC global network. The NPL activity is marked by high level of uncertainty, risk, and market failure. Thus, a headquarter needs to integrate the subsidiary NPL into the global strategy. At the same time, subsidiary managers need to have a certain level of autonomy to ensure that the launching program is adapted to the local specificities. These two pressures have forced the subsidiary managers to take up the roles of ?boundary spanners?. Good working environment between subsidiaries? managers and headquarter is believed to be the determinant factor for the new product performance. However, good working environment between headquarter and subsidiary is not automatically conditioned. The types of coordination developed by the headquarter influence the subsidiary managers and the headquarter working environment, and hence determine the new product success. This research emphasizes that negotiation coordination is more suitable than the hierarchical coordination when building good working environment during NPL process, determines the commercial performance of new products."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis akurasi peramalan permintaan produk barang konsumsi cepat (FMCG) menggunakan model Machine Learning, yaitu LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) dan SARIMAX (Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous regressors), dengan data sekunder dari April 2021 hingga April 2024 yang terdiri dari 36 observasi bulanan. Variabel dependen adalah total penjualan, sementara variabel eksogen mencakup pengeluaran per kapita, adopsi produk, proporsi penjualan dari promosi, jumlah toko yang menjual produk, dan pangsa pasar produk. Hasil menunjukkan model LSTM memiliki akurasi lebih tinggi dalam memprediksi nilai penjualan dibandingkan SARIMAX, dengan nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) yang lebih rendah pada sebagian besar sampel. Analisis korelasi mengungkapkan variabel jumlah toko yang menjual produk dan adopsi produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai penjualan dalam model LSTM, sedangkan SARIMAX unggul dalam menangkap pola musiman namun memiliki MAPE lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini menyarankan penggunaan model LSTM untuk data time series yang kompleks dan tidak stasioner, sementara SARIMAX lebih cocok untuk data dengan komponen musiman yang kuat. Pemilihan model harus mempertimbangkan karakteristik data dan tujuan analisis.

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This study analyzes the forecasting accuracy of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) demand using Machine Learning models, namely LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and SARIMAX (Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous regressors), utilizing secondary data from April 2021 to April 2024 with a total of 36 monthly observations. The dependent variable is sales value, while the exogenous variables include spend per buyer, product penetration, promo % of value, the number of stores selling, and market share. The results indicate that the LSTM model has higher accuracy in predicting sales value compared to the SARIMAX model, with a lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for most samples. Correlation analysis reveals that the variables number of stores selling and product penetration significantly influence sales value in the LSTM model, whereas SARIMAX excels in capturing seasonal patterns but has a higher MAPE. This study recommends using the LSTM model for complex and non-stationary time series data, while SARIMAX is more suitable for data with strong seasonal components. Model selection should consider the characteristics of the data and the objectives of the analysis."

"Pentingnya kesetaraan gender di tenaga kerja telah mempengaruhi bagaimana perusahaan mempresentasikan dirinya di pandangan publik. Salah satu cara untuk mengevaluasi kesetaraan gender dalam sebuah perusahaan adalah melalui Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) . Untuk karya ilmiah berikut, penulis mengidentifikasi pola bagaimana perusahaan multinasional mengelola kesetaraan gender di negara yang berbeda-beda . Untuk memperkuat karya ilmiah berikut, sebuah studi kasus digunakan berdasarkan perusahaan multinasional berprestasi seperti Unilever. Unilever berhasil mengoperasi lebih dari 190 negara, dan dari negara-negara tersebut, sebagian dari subsidiary tersebut telah mempublikasikan unconsolidated laporan tahunan. Negara tersebut termasuk India, Indonesia, Nigeria dan Pakistan. Melalui laporan tahunan, Unilever berambisi untuk menerapkan Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) yang merupakan model bisnis yang mencakupi masalah kesetaraan gender. Unilever telah mengimplementasikan terapan yang berbeda-beda terkait cara mendekati kesetaraan gender di negara subsidiary tersebut. Berdasarkan laporan tersebut penulis dapat melihat pola yang telah diterapkan oleh Unilever. Dalam durasi 10 tahun, laporan tahunan tersebut mempresentasikan perubahan atau perkembangan terhadap kesetaraan gender dalam perusahaan tersebut. Walaupun data dalam laporan tahunan Unilever meliputi semua isu sebagai perusahaan multinasional, Unilever tidak secara spesifik membahas materi mengenai kesetaraan gender. Maka dari itu, data yang terkumpulkan merupakan sebuah generalisasi akan kesetaraan gender oleh Unilever.

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The increasing social pressure has intensified the importance of gender equality in the workforce which is causing companies to be tread carefully in how they present themselves in the public’s eye. One way to evaluate a company’s gender equality is through Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). For this research, I aim to identify MNCs patterns in approaching gender equality within an array of different countries, in particular, how approaches might differ when encountering foreign countries. For this research, Unilever is chosen as a real-life case example. Unilever operates over 190 countries, where India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan are among the subsidiaries that publishes unconsolidated report. Through the span of 10 years observation, Unilever’s annual report has claimed to be involved in creating a gender-balanced workforce through its Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) business model. For each subsidiary, Unilever has implemented this business plan as it is globally accepted and made further adjustments that could be accepted locally. Although information from the annual report has been collected, it only provides a generalized idea on gender equality for the company and not specific information that is provided for the public’s knowledge."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mencermati pengaruh dari keberadaan atribut etik pada pilihan produk disertai pengaturan tugas kognitif dan tingkat religiusitas dalam proses pembentukan preferensi individu. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental 3 (within; atribut etik: tinggi, medium, rendah) x 2 (between; tugas kognitif: including, excluding). Hasil penelitian terhadap 79 partisipan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari atribut etik terhadap preferensi partisipan (F (2,76) = 49,089 p < 0,05) terlepas dari tugas kognitif yang digunakan (F (1, 77) = 1,529, p > 0,05). Analisis pada religiusitas menunjukkan tidak terdapat peran moderasi signifikan terhadap proses pembentukan preferensi ( t(76)= - 0,154 p > 0,05). Beberapa faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi rendahnya pengaruh tugas kognitif dan religiusitas dalam pembentukan preferensi juga dibahas pada bagian akhir tulisan ini.

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ABSTRACTThis research looked into the impact of giving ethical attribute infromation such as eco-friendly in product options along with certain types of cognitive tasks and individual’s religiosity toward the formation process of preference. The design on this research was experimental with 3 (within; ethical attributes: high, medium, low) x 2 (between; cognitive tasks: including and excluding) mixed design. The results from 79 participants showed significant impact from ethical attributes to the participant’s preference with F (2,76) = 49,089 p < 0,05., regardless of any type of cognitive tasks used to complete the decision making process (F (1, 77) = 1,529, p > 0,05. Further analysis on religiosity showed no significant role in moderating the formation process of preference with t(76)= - 0,154 p > 0,05. Several factors that might have influence the insignificance of both cognitive tak and religiosity are discussed at the end of this paper.;This research looked into the impact of giving ethical attribute infromation such as eco-friendly in product options along with certain types of cognitive tasks and individual’s religiosity toward the formation process of preference. The design on this research was experimental with 3 (within; ethical attributes: high, medium, low) x 2 (between; cognitive tasks: including and excluding) mixed design. The results from 79 participants showed significant impact from ethical attributes to the participant’s preference with F (2,76) = 49,089 p < 0,05., regardless of any type of cognitive tasks used to complete the decision making process (F (1, 77) = 1,529, p > 0,05. Further analysis on religiosity showed no significant role in moderating the formation process of preference with t(76)= - 0,154 p > 0,05. Several factors that might have influence the insignificance of both cognitive tak and religiosity are discussed at the end of this paper., This research looked into the impact of giving ethical attribute infromation such as eco-friendly in product options along with certain types of cognitive tasks and individual’s religiosity toward the formation process of preference. The design on this research was experimental with 3 (within; ethical attributes: high, medium, low) x 2 (between; cognitive tasks: including and excluding) mixed design. The results from 79 participants showed significant impact from ethical attributes to the participant’s preference with F (2,76) = 49,089 p < 0,05., regardless of any type of cognitive tasks used to complete the decision making process (F (1, 77) = 1,529, p > 0,05. Further analysis on religiosity showed no significant role in moderating the formation process of preference with t(76)= - 0,154 p > 0,05. Several factors that might have influence the insignificance of both cognitive tak and religiosity are discussed at the end of this paper.]"

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Seiring dengan meningkatnya taraf hidup dan konsumsi masyarakat di Indonesia, permintaan produk Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) pun mengalami peningkatan khususnya produk FMCG pada kategori Nutrisi. Hal ini tentunya menjadi potensi keuntungan bagi perusahaan jika bisa memanfaatkan kondisi dengan baik. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi yang ada, perusahaan perlu memastikan bahwa produknya bisa menjangkau masyarakat luas dengan tepat waktu, hal ini perlu didukung oleh rencana produksi yang baik. Hal utama yang menjadi acuan perusahaan memproduksi sebuah produk adalah peramalan permintaan di waktu yang akan datang. Peramalan akan menjadi acuan perusahaan untuk menentukan seberapa banyak produk yang harus diproduksi dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Peramalan yang baik akan membantu perusahaan untuk meningkatkan keuntungan dan meminimalisasi kerugian yang timbul akibat kesalahan dalam perhitungan produksi. Selain peramalan, perusahaan pun perlu menentukan jumlah safety stock dan reorder point untuk membantu perusahaan dalam memastikan bahwa stok yang dimiliki bisa terus memenuhi permintaan pasar.

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Along with the increasing standard of living and public consumption in Indonesia, the demand for Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) products has also increased, especially for FMCG products in the Nutrition category. This is a great potential profit for the company if it can take the advantages of the conditions properly. To optimize the potential that exists, companies need to ensure that their products can reach the wider community at the right time, this needs to be supported by a good production plan. The main thing that becomes a reference for producing a product is forecasting demand in the future. Forecasting will be a reference for the company to determine how many products must be produced within a certain time. Good forecasting will help companies to increase profits and minimize losses arising from errors in production calculations. In addition to forecasting, companies also need to determine the amount of safety stock and reorder points to help companies ensure that their stock can continue to meet market demand.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakterisitk eksekutif perusahaan yang dilihat dari keberadaan direksi perempuan dan masa jabatan CEO serta karakteristik keuangan perusahaan melalui net working capital terhadap tingkat cash holdings perusahaan consumer goods di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel yang berasal dari 168 perusahaan consumer goods yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2018-2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah regresi panel dengan metode estimasi Random Effect Model. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang positif signifikan dari keberadaan direksi perempuan terhadap tingkat cadangan kas perusahaan consumer goods di Indonesia. Hal ini mendukung penjelasan motif kepemilikan kas berdasarkan precautionary motive. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya pengaruh negatif net working capital sebagai cash substitutes terhadap tingkat cadangan kas perusahaan consumer goods di Indonesia. Penelitian ini tidak menemukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari masa jabatan CEO terhadap tingkat cadangan kas di Indonesia. 

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This study aims to analyze the impact of the company's executive characteristics as seen from the presence of female directors and the CEO tenure, as well as the company's financial characteristics through net working capital on corporate cash holdings of consumer goods firms in Indonesia. This study uses samples from 168 consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2018 - 2020. The research method being used is panel regression with the Random Effect Model as the estimation method. The results of this study indicate that there are significant positive effect of female directors on the cash holdings of consumer goods firms in Indonesia due to the precautionary motive of cash holdings. Furthermore, this study finds a significant negative effect of net working capital as cash substitutes on the cash holdings of consumer goods firms in Indonesia. Lastly, this study do not find any significant impact of CEO tenure on the cash holdings of consumer goods firms in Indonesia."