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"A model to contour hydrographic data was designed to determine the depth of water. Because uf sparse and random nature of the given data, we superimposed an optimally sized grid system on the region and assigned the known data at their corresponding grid points. Thon We used the principle of minimum curvature tn derive finite difference? equations that calculated the remaining grid points. We iterated these equations until a convergence criterion of 0.01 over the whole grid was reached; this gave us a grid of values to contour. To insure corvergent.e of the grid before round-off error swamped the routine, we put the grid through an initializenq routine. The Geographical Information System is used to develop a powerful set of tools for concerting and displaying hydrographic data from the real world."

"This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, W2GIS 2012, held in Naples, Italy, in April 2012. The 13 full and 4 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named, 3D and multimodal spatial interaction, positioning, spatial human-computer interaction, trajectory analysis, geo semantics, and sensor networks."

"System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: IBM-compatible PC; Windows 98; Windows NT; Windows 2000; Windows ME; Windows XP, Pentium 233MHz or better; 16 MB RAM; 4x CD-ROM drive (16x or better recommended)."

"The main portion of the chapter presents GIS terms and concepts and helps students learn how each one fits into a complete GIS system. At the end of each chapter, an application section with 2-7 tasks presents students with actual GIS exercises and the necessary data to solve the problem."