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"Plants have been the chief source of compounds of medicine for thousand of years.Plants are also the source of many medicines for the majority of the world?s population. The role of biotechnology is very important for multiplying, conserving the spesies, and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytes are microbes that inhabit plants are currently considered to be a wellspring of novelsecondary metabolites offering the potensial for medical and industrial exploitation. Natural products from various endophytic microbes have been investigated. Some examples of natural products observed from endophytic microbes are antibiotics, antiviralcompounds, anticancers, antimalarial compounds, antioxidants, antidiabetics, and immunosuppressive compounds."

"Plants have been the chief source of compounds of medicine for thousand of years. Plants die also the source of many medicines ft>r the majority of the world's population, The role of biotechnology is very important for multiplying, conserving the spesies, and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytes of novel secondary metabolites offering the potensial for medical and industrial exploitation. Natural products from various endophytic microbes have been investigated. Some examples of natural products observed from endophytic microbes are antibiotics, antiviral compounda; anticancers; antimalarial compounds; antioxidants, antidiabetics nad immunosuppressive compounds."

"ABSTRACTTanaman obat dipercaya oleh masyarakat Indonesia memiliki berbagai khasiat untuk menyembuhkan penyakit. Senyawa aktif yangada pada tanaman dapat berasal dari metabolit sekunder ataudari bakteri endofit dan filosfer yang hidup berasosiasidengan tanaman obat. Sebanyak 18 isolat bakteri endofit dan 32 isolat bakteri filosfer telah dimurnikan dari tanaman Citrus sp.,Pluchea indica, Curcuma longa, Nothopanax scuttelarium,Piper crocatum, dan Andrographis paniculata.Sebanyak 72% isolat bakteri endofit memiliki aktivitasproteolitik dan sebanyak 11% memiliki aktivitas lipolitik.Bakteri filosfer yang memiliki aktivitas proteolitik sebanyak 59% dan sebanyak 19% memiliki aktivitas lipolitik. Analisis keragaman bakteri tersebut dilakukan dengan teknik amplified ribosomal DNArestriction analysis (ARDRA) dan digesti gen penyandi 16S rRNA dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi endonuklease MspI, RsaI, danSau961. Keragaman bakteri endofit dan filosfer pada beberapa sampel tanaman obat cukup tinggi. Bakteri yang diisolasi daritanaman obat yang sama tidak selalu memiliki kekerabatangenetik yang dekat. Sementara itu, bakteri asal tanaman P.indicamemiliki kekerabatan yang cukup dekat satu sama lain.

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AbstractHerbal plants have been believed by Indonesians to be an alternative medicine to treat illnesses. The bioactivecompounds in the plant can be derived from secondary metabolites or from endophytic and phyllosphere bacteria which coexist within medicinal plants. A total of 18 endophytic bacteria and 32 phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from the herbal plants ofCitrus sp., Pluchea indica, Curcuma longa, Nothopanax scuttelarium, Piper rocatum, and Andrographis paniculata. About 72% of endophytic bacteria isolates have proteolytic activity and about 11% havelipolytic activity. On the other hand, about 59% of phyllosphere bacteria isolates have proteolytic activity and about 19% have lipolytic activity. Phylogenetic diversity analysis was conducted by using the amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) method and the sequence of 16S rDNA was digested with endonuclease restrictionenzymes: MspI, RsaI, and Sau961. The diversity of endophytic and phyllosphere bacterium from the samples of herbal plants was high. Bacteria isolated from the same herbal plant does not always have a close genetic relationship except for the bacteria isolated from the P. indica plant which showed a close genetic relationship with each other."