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"ABSTRAKWe reported a male, 72 yo, Chinese ethnic with chief complaint black mushy defecation. Physical examination revealed pale on conjunctival palpebra which confirmed as anemia on complete blood count. Gastroduodenoscopy revealed a 3 mm ulcer at the antrum (Forrest stage III). H. pylori infection was positive based on five different test methods (urinary antibody tests, rapid urease test, culture, histology ad immunohistochemistry). Used polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing, we found the patient infected by CagA producing, East-Asian-type cagA and vacA s1m1-strain. Further analysis using 7 housekeeping genes confirmed that the strain categorized in to hspEAsia group. The patient was given continuous intravenous infusions of proton pump inhibitor and standard triple therapy regimens eradication of H. pylori."

"Ultrasonography examination is an one of examination that can be used to see the abnormality of portal vein system. The technology of ultrasonography examination has further developed especially after using of Doppler ultrasonography which could portray haemodynamic changes from portal vein in liver cirrhosis patient. From this examination we also could predict bleeding."

"Patients with liver cirrhosis frequently have infection which can deteriorate further the already impaired liver function. The most common form of infection in this particular patients are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary tract infection, and respiratory infection. Causative organism mostly Gram negative micro organism and originate from the gastrointestinal tract. The weaken of immune defense mechanism and also the altered gastrointestinal tract motility can explained most of these infection. This paper will review the bacterial infection in liver cirrhosis with some guidance in the management."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori yang masih tinggi di beberapa negara. Penelitian di Guang Zhou terjadi penurunan seroprevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori antara tahun 1993 2003 dari 62 5 menjadi 47. Studi prevalensi di salah satu RS swasta Jakarta menunjukkan penurunan prevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori dari 12 5 di tahun 1998 menjadi 2 9 di tahun 2005 Perlunya diketahui seroprevalensi dikomunitas saat ini apakah sesuai dengan penurunan yang terjadi pada penelitian berbasis rumah sakit dan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi infeksi Helicobacter pylori di masyarakat. Tujuan: Mengetahui seroprevalensi dan faktor faktor sosiodemografis yang berhubungan dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori. Metode: Studi potong lintang terhadap 111 pasien dispepsia yang berobat di Puskesmas Kelurahan Kalibaru Jakarta Utara Januari-Februari 2015. Dilakukan analisa bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor faktor dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori menggunakan uji chi square dan uji T tidak berpasangan serta alternatifnya. Analisa multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pada 111 pasien dewasa dengan keluhan dispepsia yang berobat ke Puskesmas Kelurahan Kalibaru didapatkan seroprevalensi Helicobacter pylori sebesar 22 5 95 IK 14 8 30 2. Usia tidak berhubungan dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori p 0 270. Semakin tinggi tingkat sosial ekonomi semakin rendah rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 0 2 95 IK 0 02-1 71. Semakin tinggi indeks kepadatan penduduk semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 1 2 95 IK 0 37-4 49. Semakin rendah clean water index semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 1 5 95 IK 0 57-4 04. Semakin rendah status sanitasi semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 2 5 95 IK 1 01-6 19. Kesimpulan: Seroprevalensi Helicobacter pylori pada pasien dispepsia kelurahan Kalibaru sebesr 22 5 95 IK 14 8 30 2. Didapatkan hubungan antara sanitasi lingkungan dengan Helicobacter pylori.

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Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in some countries remains high. Study in Guang Zhou showed a decrease in seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori from 62 5 in 1993 to 47 in 2003. Prevalence studies in one of the private hospitals in Jakarta showed a decrease in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection from 12 5 in 1998 to 2 9 in 2005. It is important to know the seroprevalence in community nowadays and its related factors in society.

Objective: To identify seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its socio demogrphic related factors.

Method: A cross sectional study in 111 patients with dyspepsia who got treatment in Kalibaru Primary Health Care in North Jakarta from January to February 2015. A bivariate analysis was done to know relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and its related factors using chi square unpaired t test and their alternatives. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression test.

Result: Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori of 111 dyspepsia patients who get treatment in Kalibaru Primary Helath Care in this study was 22 5 95 CI 14 8 30 2. There is no relationship between age and Helicobacter pylori infection p 0 270 Higher socio economic class was related to lower risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 0 2 95 IK 0 02-1 71. Higher crowding index was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 1 2 95 IK 0 37-4 49. Lower clean water index was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 1 5 95 IK 0 57-4 04. Lower sanitation status was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 2 5 95 IK 1 01-6 19.

Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patient with dyspepsia in Kalibaru village was 22 5 95 CI 14 8 30 2. There is a relation between sanitation and Helicobacter pylori infection. "

"Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection in human. The role of Hp infection in various GI disorders had been widely accepted. However, further studies have found new extragastrointestinal involvement such as urticaria. Chronic urticaria is a common disorder that has complex pathophysiologic mechanism. As mater of fact, etiology remains unclear in most of the cases. This condition is called Idiopathic Chronic Urticaria. Several studies had shown high prevalence of Hp infection in patients with ICU and improved symptoms after eradication therapy of Hp. This observation had suggested that Hp has important role as etiologic factor in some cases of ICU. The presence of Hp infection and its role in ICU should be proven before initiating eradication therapy, so that irrational used of drugs and antibiotics resistance can be prevented."

"Gastric epithelial cells apoptosis induced by Helicobacter pylori depends on microhial and host factors. Apoptosis on mitochondrial level by Bc!2 family protein is the main pathway for Helicobacter pylori induced gastric epithelial cells apoptosis, though there are roles for apoptosis through Fas receptors or TNF. Imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis gastric epithelial cells determines the risk for neoplastic transformation. Increase of gastric epithelial cells apoptosis seems to have an obligation for initiating secondary hyperproliferative response. If altruistic cellular death fails to oppose this process, uncontrollable cellular growth leading to neoplastic transformation will occur."

"Dyspepsia is one of numerous general complaints, which is commonly encountered by doctors of various disciplines. In daily practice, the complaint is not only limited for gastroenterologists. Knowledge on pathophysiology of dyspepsia have been developing continuously since a scientific investigation has been started in 1980s, which considers Helicobacter pylori as one of key factor in managing dyspepsia, either it is associated with ulcer or non-ulcer. The management of dyspepsia cannot be separated from the management of H. pylori and there is an additional new knowledge associated with definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of both dyspepsia and H. pylori infection.

This consensus document on the management of dyspepsia and H. pylori infection in Indonesia has been developed using the evidence-based medicine principles; therefore, it can be used as a reference for doctors in dealing with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection cases in their daily practice. It is expected that with the new consensus, doctors can provide greater service to their patients who have dyspepsia and H. pylori infection."

"Dyspepsia is a common complain in clinical practice. Correlation between helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and functional dyspepsia had been reported in many studies, but studies that analyzed the severity of dyspepsia and H. pylori were limited and the result were controversial. This study is about to know the correlation between the severity of dyspepsia and H. pylori infection. A retrospective descriptive analysis to patients with dyspepsia at Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan was done in 2010-2014. Simple random sampling was done to get 44 patient with dyspepsia, 22 are H. pylori positive and 22 patients are H. pylori negative. The severity of dyspepsia assessed with porto alegre dyspeptic symptoms questionnaire (PADYQ) scoring instrument. Univariate and bivariate analysis (Chi-square and spearman correlation) were done using SPSS version 22. Epigastric pain is teh most common symptom in dyspepsia patients. There is a correlation between ulcer type dyspepsia and H. pylori infection (p=0.030), while dysmotility type and mixed type were not correlated. The severity of epigastric pain has significant positive correlation with H. pylori (r=0.386;p=0.01), while the severity of other symptoms such as nausea, vomit, and abdominal bloating have negative correlation with H.pylori. Dyspepsia total scoring is significantly lower in H. pylori positive than in H.pylori negative (p=0.033). There is a positive correlation between the severity of nausea, vamit, and abdominal bloating and H.pylori infection, and correlation between lower dyspepsia total scoring and H.pylori pain."

"Since the limulus test, a method for the evaluation of endotoxin levels using extract from horsehoc crabs (limulus, spp), was developed in the year 1969 by Levin and Bang, there have been reports on endotoxin from portal blood without negative gram bacterial infection, a condition known as endogenous endotoxemia."