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"Intracoronary thrombosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome. It occurs due to a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, which may be spontaneous, as in the case of acute coronary syndrome, or due to procedures such as percutaneous intervention (PCI). Atherosclerotic plaque rupture causes exposure of thrombogenic subendothelial components and initiates platelet aggregation, which then initiates the coagulation cascade. In stable angina, the formation of platelet thrombus is the most important tiling to occur on plaque progressiveness as a result of rupture and episodic formation of thrombi.' Arterial thrombi contain many platelets. Anti-platelet agents are greatly beneficial in acute and chronic coronary heart disease. This paper discusses the use of anti-platelet agents in coronary heart disease."

"Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) masih menjadi penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada perempuan di Indonesia. Epidemi obesitas yang terjadi secara global ikut berkontribusi pada meningkatnya kejadian kardiovaskular. Di Indonesia, belum banyak studi yang mempelajari hubungan obesitas sentral dengan PJK pada perempuan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian PJK pada perempuan usia 25-65 tahun di Kota Bogor. Penelitian kohort retrospektif ini mengikutsertakan 2.451 responden Studi Kohor FRPTM yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dengan masa pengamatan selama 6 tahun. Pajanan utama yang diteliti adalah obesitas sentral berdasarkan rasio Lingkar Pinggang - Tinggi Badan (LPTB), dengan outcome berupa PJK yang ditegakkan berdasarkan hasil wawancara responden dan/atau hasil EKG. Analisis multivariat dengan Cox Regression dilakukan untuk mengestimasikan Hazard Ratio (HR) dengan 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan insiden rate PJK pada perempuan adalah sebesar 19 per 1.000 orang-tahun. Perempuan dengan obesitas sentral memiliki risiko 1,38 kali (95% CI 1,01-1,89) lebih tinggi dibanding yang tidak obesitas sentral untuk mengalami PJK setelah mengontrol variabel usia, hipertensi, dan status menopause. Deteksi dini faktor risiko PJK, terutama obesitas sentral, penting dilakukan agar upaya pencegahan dan perubahan perilaku dapat segera dilakukan.

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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women in Indonesia. The global epidemic of obesity contributes to the increase of cardiovascular events. In Indonesia, there have not been many studies evaluate the association between abdominal obesity and CHD in women. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between abdominal obesity and CHD in women aged 25-65 years in Bogor. This retrospective cohort study involves 2.451 respondents of FRPTM Cohort Study who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with an observation period of 6 years. The main independent variable of this study was abdominal obesity based on Waist-to-Height-Ratio (WHtR), while outcome of the interest was CHD based on the results of interview and/or ECG results. Cox regression analysis was performed to estimated Hazard Ratio (HR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). The results showed that the incidence rate of CHD in women was 19 per 1.000 person-years. Women with abdominal obesity were 1,38 times (95% CI 1,01-1,89) more likely to have CHD than those without abdominal obesity after adjustment for age, hypertension, and menopause status. Early detection of CHD risk factor, especially abdominal obesity, is important, so that prevention and lifestyle modification can be implemented immediately."

"Coronary disease is the biggest killer and cause of disability in Europe and the United States. One in 12 men die from heart disease before reaching the age of 65. When the diagnosis has been made however, people are often too frightened or too anxious to want to find out how the disease occurred and how it could have been prevented. At the same time, many pressing questions arise that call out for clear answers: Will the patient need surgery? How life threatening is the condition? In the event of a heart attack, is another one imminent? Those seeking answers often find much of the available advice is superficial and even contradictory. This book provides an authoritative and reassuring account of what can go wrong with the heart, what can be done to prevent problems, what kinds of people are most likely to suffer from coronary disease, and what treatments are available and what they involve. The book also explores the future of this disease and what is being done to reduce or even eliminate its presence as one of the world's leading health problems. It has been written specifically for patients and their families, and for health-conscious individuals who are interested in detailed, frequently hard-to-find information. The book will also be of interest to nurses and other health-care professionals who care for patients with heart disease."

"This book presents a comprehensive picture of ischemic heart disease for practitioners, students, and investigators dealing with the varied facets of this complex subject. Individual chapters introduce the anatomy of the coronary blood vessels and cardiac development, while others consider current imaging modalities utilized for ischemic heart disease, including stress echo, nuclear diagnostic tests, non-invasive coronary artery imaging, and coronary angiography. Imaging chapters provide key clinical information on techniques and indications, and include examples of both normal and abnormal patterns. The principle thrust of the book concerns coronary atherosclerosis, the pathology of which is presented in conjunction with the results of anatomic, non-invasive imaging and angiographic studies. Related chapters cover atherogenesis, presenting new insights into the pathophysiology of the vulnerable plaque, the role of progenitor cells in vascular injury, inflammation and atherogenesis, and the genomics of vascular remodeling. Additional topics covered include angina pectoris, acute coronary syndromes, healed myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, catheter-based and surgical revascularization, and surgical treatment of myocardial infarction and its sequelae. With contributions from a diverse group of internationally-known physicians with broad experience in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) asianotik pirau kiri ke kananmerupakan kelompok PJB yang sering ditemukan. Aliran pirau yang terjadimemengaruhi sistem respiratori, sehingga terjadi ventilasi perfusi mismatch danmenurunkan compliance paru yang memudahkan pasien untuk mengalami infeksirespiratori akut (IRA) berulang.Tujuan. Mengetahui kekerapan IRA pada anak dengan PJB asianotik pirau kiri kekanan.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan kohort prospektif yang dilakukan diDepartemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak (IKA) dan Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu (PJT)Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), selama bulan September 2012hingga April 2013. Kelompok PJB adalah pasien PJB asianotik pirau kiri ke kananberusia 3 bulan-5 tahun. Kelompok kontrol adalah anak yang tidak menderita PJBasianotik pirau kiri ke kanan yang diambil secara matching umur dan jeniskelamin. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Kai kuadrat, t tidak berpasangan,dan Mann-Whitney menggunakan SPSS versi 19.Hasil. Penelitian dilakukan pada 100 subjek, 6 subjek mengalami drop out.Insidens IRA pada kelompok PJB asianotik pirau kiri ke kanan adalah 40-60%,kelompok kontrol 20-30% (P=0,027). Risiko relatif pasien PJB mengalami IRAadalah 2,3 kali (IK 95% 1,2-4,3) dibanding kelompok kontrol (P=0,006). JenisIRA terbanyak pada kelompok PJB dan kontrol adalah IRA atas (118 dan 66kasus), IRA bawah pada kelompok PJB berjumlah 26 kasus, sementara kelompokkontrol 3 kasus. Rerata episode IRA pada kelompok PJB adalah 3 (SD 1,1),kelompok kontrol 1,5 (SD 0,9) dengan P<0,0001. Kejadian IRA berulang padakelompok PJB lebih sering dibanding kelompok kontrol (P<0,0001). Median lamaIRA pada kelompok PJB adalah 7 hari (4-14 hari), sementara kelompok kontrol 5hari (2-12 hari) P<0,0001.Simpulan. Kejadian IRA berulang pada kelompok PJB asianotik pirau kiri kekanan lebih sering dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Acyanotic left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease (CHD) is themost frequent CHD. The flow of the shunt may affect the respiratory tract,resulting in ventilation perfusion mismatch and decrease the lung compliance.This, in return, will cause patient suffer from recurrent acute respiratory tractinfection (ARI).Objective. To describe the frequency of ARI in children with acyanotic left-torightshunt CHDMethod. This was a prospective cohort study, done in Department of ChildHealth and Integrated Heart Service of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital fromSeptember 2012 to April 2013. Subjects were acyanotic left-to-right shunt CHDwith consist of children age 3 month?5 years old. Control group was children withno CHD that was matched with age and sex. Data was analyzed using chi square,unpaired t test, and Mann-Whitney test.Result. Study was performed in 100 subjects, 6 subjects were dropped out. Theincidence of ARI on the CHD group was 40-60%, whereas in the control grouponly 20-30% (P=0.027). The relative risk of CHD patients to have ARI is 2.3(95% CI 1.2-4.3) compared to control group (P=0.006). The most frequent ARI inCHD and control groups were upper ARI (118 and 66 cases), followed by lowerARI (26 and 3 cases). The mean frequency of ARI episode in the CHD group was3 (SD 1.1), whereas in the control group 1.5 (SD 0.9) (P<0.0001). The recurrentof ARI cases were also more frequently found in the CHD group compared tocontrol group (P<0.0001). The median of ARI duration in the CHD group was 7days (4-14 days), while in the control group was 5 days (2-12 days) (P<0.0001).Conclusion. Recurrent of ARI is more frequent in the acyanotic left-to-right shuntCHD children compared to the control group."