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"The aim of this study was to investigate the increase in neutrophil count and the decrease in both phagocytosis and neutrophil oxidative burst (formation of radical oxygen) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and the normal range of phagocytosis function and oxidative burst in neutrophil from Non-DM control subjects. The aim of this study is also to investigate the factors that influence neutrophil count, phagocytosis function and neutrophil oxidative burst among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The examination was conducted using a flow cytometry. The study subjects were 142 type 2 DM patients and 65 Non-DM control subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney test and linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that there is impaired neutrophil function among type 2 DM patients. The results of this study also showed a correlation between Hemoglobin level, age, platelet count, and SGPT vs. neutrophil phagocytosis function, as well as a correlation between HDL cholesterol and (fMLP-stimulated) neutrophil oxidative burst. The study also showed a correlation between sex and stroke and (S. sureus-stimulated) neutrophil radical oxygen formation, a correlation between neutrophil count and platelet count, a correlation offibAlc and fasting blood glucose level and (fMLP-stimulated) neutrophil radical oxygen formation. In a multivariate analysis, when adjusted to age and sex, there was a correlation between triglyceride and (baseline) neutrophil radical oxygen formation and between HDL cholesterol and (fMLP-stimulated) neutrophil radical oxygen formation."

"Periodontal status is a periodontum condition evaluated by using plaque index, calculus index, gingival index and pocket index. The main mediator of periodontum inflammation is IL-113 examined by ELISA method. There is an evaluation of PMN s in periodontum inflammation, but the leucotoxin as well as the protease in turn lowers the PMN phagocytotic function. Phagocytotic function was measured by flowcytometry. The aim of the study was to evaluate the high risk factors of being type 2 DM. A diagnostic study was conducted by using cross-sectional design on 45 controlled DM (CDM) subjects, 45 uncontrolled DM (UCDM) subjects in the Metabolic Endocrinology Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, as compared to 45 non-DM control subjects. The result of multivariate analysis showed that patients of older age (>54 years old), low periodontum status (periodontal index >1.80), high IL-113 level (>23.70 pg/mL), and low PMN phagocytotic function <<53.47%), were significantly at high risk of having DM compared to non-DM (p<0.05). Lower periodontum status showed an increase in IL-113 level, decrease PMN phagocytotic function, and consequently, an increase in the risk of being type 2 DM."

"The prevalence of coronary heart disease in the adult population with diabetes mellitus (DM) is far greater (55%) than in the general public (2-4%). There is an acknowledged correlation between type I hidden ischemia and the incidence of myocardiac infarct. There needs to be a way to determine the presence or absence of ischemia. An alternative examination method is the Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography (DSE).This study was conducted at the Metabolic-Endocrine and the Cardiology Out-Patient Clinics of the Department of Internal Medicine ofCipto Mangunkusumo Central Public General Hospital, Jakarta, from February to August 2001.The aim of the study is to detect undetected myocardiac ischemia using the electrocardiography among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and podiatric abnormality and testing the correlation between certain factors (sex, age, body mass index, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, HbAlc, peripheral vascular disease, smoking, retinopathy, and neuropathy) with myocardiac ischemia.Methodology: The study was designed as a comparative study of the incidence of myocardiac ischemia between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without podiatric abnormalities. The sample consisted of 28 patients. Samples underwent the dobutamine stress echocardiographyResults: dobutamine stress echocardiography examination using Apogee on 14 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with podiatric abnormality demonstrated a positive ischemic response in 4 people (28.6%). No positive findings were found in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without podiatric abnormality.Conclusion: 1. DSE could detect myocardiac ischemia in 28.6% of type 2 diabetes mellitus undetected with electrocardiography. 2. Other factors that influenced a positive dobutamine stress echocardiography were autonomic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, the duration of diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose, and podiatric abnormality."

"Background: thyroid dysfunction is more likely to occur in diabetes mellitus patients than general population. Until now, no study has been done to find prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in Indonesian diabetics. This study aimed to find the proportion and characteristics of thyroid dysfunction in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in Endocrine and Diabetes Polyclinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July to September 2015. This study include type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, age ≥ 18 year-old, willing to undergo thyroid laboratory testing. In this study, hypothyroidism defined as TSH more than 4.0 mIU/L, while hyperthyroidism is defined as TSH less than 0.4 mIU/L with eCLIA. Results: from 364 subjects who were recruited from Endocrine and Diabetes Polyclinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 303 subjects underwent this study until analysis. Two hundred and three (273) subjects (90.1%) were euthyroid, 7 subjects (2.31%) were hyperthyroid, and 23 subjects (7.59%) were hypothyroid. Majority of the patients had subclinical hypothyroidism (56.5% based on Zulewski and Billewicz Score and 65.2% based on fT4 laboratory result), while 42.9% and 71.4% subjects had clinical hyperthyroidism based on clinical appearance and fT4 laboratory result respectively. Conclusion: proportion of hypothyroidism was 7.59% and hyperthyroidism was 2.31%, while the proportion of total thyroid dysfunction was 9.9% among diabetics. It is suggested that screening for thyroid dyscfunction can be done in high risk condition as a part of comprehensive management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients."

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Penyakit komorbid Diabetes Melitus (DM) yang umum dan paling sering adalah hipertensi. DM dan hipertensi terdapat secara bersamaan pada 40%-60% penderita DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui unmodifiable factors dan modifiable factors pada penderita DM tipe 2 sebagai faktor risiko hipertensi. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien DM tipe 2 yang berobat di poli penyakit dalam RSUD dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Kota Bekasi pada tanggal 30 September-19 Oktober 2019 dengan total sampel sebanyak 292 responden. Unmodifiable factors meliputi gender, umur, pendidikan, status perkawinan, lama menderita DM, hereditas DM, hereditas hipertensi dan golongan darah. Sedangkan modifiable factors terdiri dari indeks massa tubuh, pekerjaan, aktifitas fisik dan merokok. Hipertensi adalah keadaan tekanan darah sistolik ≥ 140 mm Hg dan/atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥ 90 mm Hg. Analisis data dengan Cox regression menggunakan Stata versi 15. Persentase hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 adalah 46,57%. Dari analisis multivariat faktor risiko hipertensi yang signifikan untuk unmodifiable factors adalah faktor umur > 50 tahun (Pv= 0,02; PR= 1,93) dan kelompok dengan hereditas DM yang berasal dari kakek/nenek (Pv= 0,04; PR= 1,86) dan orang tua (Pv= 0,04; PR= 1,54). Sedangkan dari modifiable factors, Indeks Massa Tubuh berat badan lebih (Pv= 0,01; PR=1,81) dan obesitas (Pv=0,02; PR=1,81), merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi yang signifikan. Disarankan agar terhadap pasien DM tipe 2 terutama bila disertai dengan berat badan berlebih atupun obesitas perlu diberikan informasi lengkap tentang faktor risiko hipertensi.

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The most common Diabetes Mellitus (DM) comorbid disease is hypertension. DM and hypertension are present simultaneously in 40% -60% of people with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to know unmodifiable factors and modifiable factors of type 2 DM patients as risk factors for hypertension, The design of this study was cross sectional. The sample of study was type 2 DM patients those seeking treatment at Department of Internal Medicine-dr Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Hospital-Bekasi on September 30-October 19, 2019 with a total of 292 respondents. Unmodifiable factors include gender, age, education, marital status, duration of DM, heredity of DM, heredity of hypertension and ABO blood group. While modifiable factors consist of body mass index, occupation, physical activity and smoking. Hypertension is a state of systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and /or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, Data were analysed with Cox regression using Stata versi 15.The precentage of hypertension in patients with type 2 DM was 46.57%. Multivariate analysis revealed that the significant hypertension risk factors for unmodifiable factors are age > 50 years (Pv= 0,02; PR= 1,93) and DM heredity from grandfather/grandmother (Pv= 0,04; PR= 1,86) and parents (Pv= 0,04; PR= 1,54). While from modifiable factors, Body Mass Index overweight (Pv= 0,01; PR=1,81) and obesity (Pv=0,02; PR=1,81) were the significant risk factors for hypertension. It is recommended that patients of type 2 diabetes especially when accompanied by overweight or obesity need to be given complete information about risk factors for hypertension

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"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus DM tipe 2 merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia. Gangguan DM tipe 2 ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah secara kronik dan dapat menimbulkan komplikasi baik makro maupun mikrovaskuler. Paru sebagai salah satu organ yang memiliki komponen mikrovaskuler dapat terdampak komplikasi mikrovaskuler DM tipe 2 berupa gangguan kapasitas difusi.Metode: Penelitian studi potong lintang pada subjek DM tipe 2, dewasa, rawat jalan, tanpa kelainan paru berat, gagal ginjal terminal, ataupun gagal jantung kronik yang didapat secara konsekutif dan menjalani proses wawancara, pemeriksaan fisis, laboratorium, spirometri dan uji DLCO.Hasil: Didapatkan total subjek sebanyak 35 orang. Karakteristik subjek DM tipe 2 yang ditemukan adalah rerata usia 57,88 tahun, usia >40 tahun 88,6 , perempuan 54,3 , IMT kategori overweight-obesitas 85,7 , lama menderita DM tipe 2 6,5 memiliki risiko penurunan nilai DLCO sebesar 21 kali daripada nilai HbA1c ABSTRACT Background Type 2 DM has become worldwide health problem. It is characterized with chronic hyperglycemia and causing both macro and microvascular complication. Lung as a microvascular contained organ may be affected by type 2 DM microvascular complication in result lung capacity disorder.Method Cross sectional study in type 2 DM, adult, outpatient basis, without overt lung disorder, terminal kidney failure nor cardiovascular disorder. Subject undergone consecutive sampling, interview session, physical examination, laboratory test, spirometry and DLCO test.Result There were 35 subject in total with characteristic mean age 57.88 y.o, age 40 y.o 88.6 , female 54.3 , BMI overweight obesity 85.7 , duration of type 2 DM 6,5 has 21 time risk to have decreasing DLCO value compare to subject with HbA1c "