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"Cancer pain management: is a multidisciplinary effort, where the use of drug is often greatly beneficial for the patient. Pain assessment using the visual analog scale (VAS) is very helpful. Mild pain can be managed using acetaminophen or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Moderate pain can be treated using mild opioids, while severe pain is treated using strong opioids such as morphine. Administration of morphine is safe, with a dose that is titrated to reach the optimal dosage, and does not produce serious side-effects. Administration of laxatives to prevent constipation should commence since the. first administration of morphine."

"Penyakit kanker dapat menimbulkan nyeri, kelemahan, masalah tidur, dan kelelahan, dan mempengaruhi keterbatasan fungsi yang akan berakibat ke kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu gejala yang paling umum dan sering dikeluhkan pada pasien kanker adalah nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan manajemen perawatan diri terhadap nyeri pada pasien kanker dengan menggunakan design cross sectional. Jumlah responden pada penelitina ini sebanyak 110 responden pasien kanker dewasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara manajemen perawatan diri dengan nyeri (p=0,034; ?=0,05). Terdapat variabel konfonding yang mempengaruhi manajemen perawatan diri dengan nyeri yaitu jumlah anak, penggunaan analgesik, tindakan non farmakalogi, dan status pekerjaan. Manajemen perawatan diri dapat menjadi salah satu intervensi keperawatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk manajemen nyeri pada pasien kanker.

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Cancer can cause pain, weakness, sleep problems, and fatigue, and cause functional limitations that affect daily life. One of the most common and frequently complained symptoms in cancer patients is pain. This study aims to determine the relationship of self-care management to pain in cancer patients using a cross-sectional design. The number of respondents in this study were 110 adult cancer patients. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between self-care management and pain (p=0.034; ?=0.05). There are confounding variables that affect self-care management with pain, namely the number of children, use of analgesics, non-pharmacological measures, and employment status. Self-care management can be one of the nursing interventions that can be done for pain management in cancer patients."

"ABSTRACTpain is one of the most often symptoms experienced by patients with advanced or chronic diseases which can cause a decrease in the quality of life of palliative patients. Pain in palliative patients has not yet received enough attention, especially factors associated with pain and its management. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with pain in palliative patients and also assess whether there is a two-way relationship between psychological factors and pain. In addition, we will also see whether spiritual services play a role in relieving pain. Methods: cross-sectional study were used and secondary data were obtained from medical records of 285 palliative patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The data were processed to determine the psycho-socio-demographic characteristics, the reciprocal relationships of psychological and pain aspects, and the relationship of pharmacological therapy (opioids), non-pharmacological therapy (spiritual services), and combination of both therapies in pain management. Results: of the 285 palliative patients, 60.3% had pain, which was found more in cancer patients (74.4% vs 25.6%). Pain was found more in patients aged 41-60 years (51.1%), women (51.2%), and unemployed (30.2%). The severity of the pain was found to be significant in patients with depressive symptoms (p=0.045), while patients with anxiety symptoms (p=0.155) and sleep disorders (p=0.619) had no significant relationship. Pain experienced by palliative patients was not statistically significant in causing depression (p=0.058), anxiety (p=0.107), and sleep disorder (p=0.639). Moreover, pain management with opioids, spiritual services, or combination of them turned out to have significant results (p=0.022). Conclusion: pain in palliative patients is mainly experienced by cancer patients and the elderly. Psychological factors affect the condition of pain, so the management that includes biopsychosocial aspect will be able to reduce pain significantly."

"ABSTRAKNyeri merupakan keluhan utama penderita kanker yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya. Langkah awal untuk menanggulangi nyeri akibat kanker adalah penilaian nyeri. Penatalaksanaan nyeri yang adekuat akan tercapai bila nyeri dijadikan tujuan utama dalam pengobatan kanker, hal ini dapat terpenuhi bila ada kesesuaian antara derajat nyeri yang dilaporkan pasien dengan analgesik yang diresepkan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menilai ketepatan pemilihan analgesik dan keadekuatan terapi analgesik pada pasien nyeri kanker. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional prospektif dengan cara melakukan kajian penggunaan analgesik pada pasien dewasa dengan nyeri kanker yang menjalani rawat inap di RSCM periode Maret-Mei 2016, pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling yaitu semua pasien baru dengan nyeri kanker dan sesuai kriteria inklusi dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini sampai jumlah sampel yang diinginkan terpenuhi. Keadekuatan terapi dinilai dengan Pain Management Index PMI . Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil yang didapat dari 96 pasien yang dirawat, pada awal masuk didapatkan nyeri ringan pada pada 55 pasien 57,29 , setelah 24 jam rawat pada 60 pasien 62,5 dan setelah 48 jam rawat; nyeri ringan didapatkan pada 80 83,33 pasien. Nyeri sedang di awal masuk 41 42,7 pasien, setelah 24 jam 36 37,5 pasien dan 48 jam sebanyak 16 16,66 pasien. Dari 96 pasien yang dirawat terdapat 672 penggunaan analgesik. Jenis analgesik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Parasetamol tablet 51,63 . Persentase cara pemberian analgesik secara oral 77,23 dan intravena 21,87 . Ketepatan penggunaan analgesik berdasarkan derajat nyeri adalah 290 43,1 penggunaan dari 672 penggunaan. Skor PMI nol dan positif didapatkan 95 98,9 pasien dan skor negatif 1 0,01 pasien. Overtreatment didapatkan pada 79 82,2 pasien. Tingkat kepuasan pasien dengan skor kepuasan > 5 pasien yang merasa puas adalah 77,08 . Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini didapatkan ketepatan pemilihan jenis analgesik masih relatif rendah, meskipun tingkat kepuasan tinggi 77,08 Kata kunci :Analgesik, nyeri kanker, derajat nyeri

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ABSTRACTAbstract Pain is an important problem for cancer patients that can affect their quality of life. The first step to manage cancer pain is assessing the pain. Adequate pain management will be achieved if pain control is the main goal in cancer treatment. This will be fulfilled if there is compatibility between pain level reported by the patient and prescribed analgesic.To evaluate the accuracy of analgesic selection and the adequacy of analgesic therapy in cancer pain patients.This research is a prospective observational study, by reviewing analgesic administration in adult patients with cancer pain that were hospitalized in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in March to May 2016. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling admissions, i.e. all new admitted patients with cancer pain that meet inclusion criteria were included in the study until required sample was fulfilled. The adequacy of therapy was measured with Pain Management Index PMI . Collected data was analyzed descriptively. Results from 96 selected subjects, mild pain was found in 55 patients 57,29 at the time of admission, 60 patients 62,5 at 24 hours of hospitalization, and 80 patients 83,33 at 48 hours of hospitalization. Moderate pain was found in 41 patients 42,7 at the time of admission, 36 patients 37,5 at 24 hours of hospitalization, and 16 patients 16.67 at 48 hours of hospitalization. From 96 patients, there were 672 analgesic usage. The most frequently used analgesic is paracetamol tablet 51,63 . Percentage of oral route administration is 77,23 , while intravenous is 21,87 . The accuracy of analgesic usage based on pain level is 290 43,1 out of 672 usage. PMI score of positive and zero was found in 98,9 subjects, while negative was found in 0,01 patients. Overtreatment was found in 79 patients 82,2 . Level of patient rsquo s satisfaction for satisfaction score 5 patient is satisfied is 77,08 .Conclusion from this research we found that the accuracy of analgesic selection for cancer pain is relatively low, but level of satisfaction is high 77,08 .Keywords analgesic, cancer pain, pain level"

"Kanker prostat merupakan salah satu penyakit keganasan pada saluran kemih atau organ reproduksi pria yang menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar pada pria di dunia. Salah gejala yang dirasakan oleh pasien kanker adalah nyeri. Manajemen nyeri yang adekuat diperlukan agar nyeri dapat dikontrol dengan baik. Karya Ilmiah Akhir Ners ini merupakan studi kasus yang bertujuan untuk melaporkan kasus pasien dengan kanker prostat dan penerapan intervensi terapi musik pada manajemen nyeri. Salah satu intervensi yang digunakan dalam manajemen nonfarmakologi adalah terapi musik. Musik dapat menstimulasi pelepasan endorphin dan sistem neuro-hormonal, bereaksi pada reseptor spesifik di otak yang dapat mengubah emosi, mood, fisiologis dan psikologis dimana dapat berpengaruh terhadap respon dan persepsi pasien terhadap nyeri yang dirasakan. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah intervensi selama enam (6) hari didapatkan terdapat penurunan skala nyeri.

 

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