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"Menurut Altiero Spinelli-salah seorang pencetus gerakan penyatuan Eropa, demokrasi dapat menyatukan sekelompok negara-negara yang berdaulat demi meraih kepentingan bersama. Dalam pidatonya pada kongres Pendirian UEF tahun 1947, Spinelli menegaskan,bahwa Marshall Plan telah membuka kesempatan bagi Eropa untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut. Menurutnya, apabila bangsa-bangsa di Eropa gagal menggunakan kesempatan ini, maka Amerika Serikat akan menjejakkan kaki di Eropa dengan mengubah liberalisme menjadi imperialisme.Ia berpendapat bahwa penyatuan Eropa memiliki arti yang sangat penting sebagai langkah awal dari penyatuan dunia, sebagaimana disarankan dalam ventotene manifesto."

""The multi-layered political system of the European Union offers a unique environment for the study of comparative democracy. Its policies seek to give effect to an agreed range of values, including that of gender equality. This book explores gender equality and democratic politics in Europe. It discusses how democratic politics engages with gender equality in the European Union and examines what happens when a core democratic value of the European Union, equality between women and men, is given policy effect in supra-national and domestic level politics. It asks how embedded is this value in democratic politics and what degree of gender equality is expressed in this environment. The collection brings to light the gendered nature of democratic politics, offering a critical gaze on the workings of modern democracy in Europe. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of democracy, European studies, gender, and key to courses seeking to incorporate a deeper gender perspective or evaluating democracy and democratic performance in institutions and decision-making"-"

"The article examines the current political development of the integration process of the EU. The author takes a closer look at the electoral voles of three very important EU members of the EU. The result of the EU referendum in three EU member countries shows a different opinion and ideology of the European citizen. Spain's weak and meek "yes" to the EU constitution obtained through a massive campaign by the political establishment and jointly by government and opposition alike. The result "no " in the Netherlands has shown signs nationalistic backlash towards EU constitution. A part from Holland social decline, the "no "from the left was this time based on the ELI lack of appeal. And the French "no" with high electoral participation was based on the excesses of the free market system within the EU constitution., necessarily implying a lessening of the French social welfare system, increased unemployment, and lowering of living standards. The author concludes with the questions: what the EU will be to the European Union? and where the process of the EU integration or disintegration will lead"

"Drawing upon Croatia's past and present situation, this paper attempts to propose actions that need to be taken in adopting new economic, legal and political standards. Our approach shall include an overview of historical foundations of modern Europe. Accordingly, we shall conclude this paper with an assessment of future economic and societal directions of the European circle. Owing much to her geography and culture. Croatia has, in effect, belonged to the European community of nations throughout its thirteen-century long history. At the beginning of her historical route, having been a sovereign kingdom in the 10lh century. Croatia had existed as a functional part of European civilization. In Thousand Years that ensued, Croatia came under a number of multiethnic political entities. First, it entered the union with I lungary. then Austria, followed by Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 20'" century, it entered into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which later on was renamed the Kingdom of Jugoslavia. Following the end of WWII, Croatia entered Socialist Federative Yugoslavia, together with other South Slavic peoples. However, Croatia has only recently as the 1990s become an independent nation state, in a modern sense. In this way, Croatia can effectively fulfil her historical path by entering the European Union, therefore reverting to her historical roots. It is the challenges of this most recent era of Croatian history, that form the backbone of this paper. Several basic aspects of Croatian accession to the EU are put into perspective. First, we make certain assumptions regarding the integration, with respect to the shift from transition to transformation brought about by integration. Second, we bring to mind the procedure of European integration, both in form and content. Third, we talk about the effects of integration, from societal to economic achievements."

"This article examines the state of play of the relations between the European Union and Indonesia.It proposes a review of the progress achieved since the publication in 2000 of the communication from the European Comission that is aimed at strengthening the relations between Indonesia and The European Union. It underlines that both the European Union and Indonesia have become stronger players in the international and regional arena. It also finds that the EU-Indonesia relations have intensified,diversified and given new perspectives for stronger EU-Indonesia partnership."

"The European Union (EU) has signed a co-operation agreement with Indonesia in form of an economic relation since the beginning of the 1980s. comparing to other co-operations is this agreement in the lowest level of economic relations without any preferential treatment in trade except for the common Generalized system of Preferences (GSP). Under the agreement like this, Indonesia doesn't receive and enjoy special treatments and facilities like the other countries grouping such as African, Caribia and Pacific (ACP) countries."

"Ultranationalism in EuropeAnalysis and Outlook with regard to Ultranasionalisme di Eropa yang telah berakar sekian lama tidak dapat dipandanghanya dari kondisi lingkungan yang di sekelilingnya maupun digeneralisasi. Hal inidisebabkan kondisi historis, sosiologis, politik, negara-negara di Eropa berbeda satusama lain, sehingga diperlukan pendefinisian yang jelas. Tulisan ini memaparkanperbandingan ultranasionalisme di Eropa Barat, Tengah, dan Timur; yang antaralain disebabkan masih tidak jelasnya profil ideologi politik negara-negara Eropa Timurpasca Perang Dingin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ultranasionalisme perlu untukdipelajari lebih lanjut. Ketika kelompok ekstrimis sayap kanan memegang kekuasaan,kelompok masyarakat sipil perlu mempersiapkan diri untuk menghadapinya. Namunmengucilkan pandangan ultranasionalisme dan kelompok tersebut, dari perdebatanpublik juga bukan tindakan yang tepat. Fenomena ini harus dipahami dan dikajisecara mendalam agar negara-ngara Eropa dan Uni Eropa mampu menghadapinyadan menjaga Eropa untuk tetap ?berpegang teguh pada prinsip-prinsip demokrasinya.Tulisan ini juga menyatakan bahwa generasi muda di Eropa perlu diyakinkan padanjlai-nilai dasar yang fundamental dalam sebuah masyarakat yang demokratis agartidak terjadi persepsi dan mispersepsi terhadap dinamika ultranasionalisme itusendiri di Eropa."