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"The aim of this research is to provide a theoretical framework for strategic alliance behavior by firms that seek to sustain a competitive advantage The objective is to integrate the transaction cost economic explanations, strategic behavior of the firm, in investigating strategic alliance phenomena in relation to competitive positioning. The fundamental premise of this research is that inter-firm relationships are embedded within the alliance, The hyphoteses are tested by applying quantitative analysis to data collected on 108 alliances that are involved in the development of pharmaceutical companies in Asia. A full survey was mailed to executives or key individual involved in the implementation of the alliances. The results of this research confirm our framework and also indicates that when firms build relational: capital in conjunction with an integrative approach to managing conflict they are able to achieve both organizational learning and protecting core assets simultaneously, Relational capital based on mutual trust and interaction between alliance partners creates a basis for learning and know-how transfer across accross the exchange the lekage of critical know how between them. Furthermore research indicates that through learning and acquining new importang information as well as some critical capability or skill from the partner while at the same time,m being able to protect its core capabilities and its crown jewels the company will compete effectively in the market. The research makes an important contribution to the literature by determining whether strategic alliances sustain competitiveness for firms pursuing a cooperative strategy."

"Menteri Kesehatan memberikan izin kepada industri farmasi untuk melakukan kegiatan pembuatan obat atau bahan obat dan memiliki peran yang esensial dalam ketersediaan obat-obatan yang memenuhi standar, aman, bermutu, dan bermanfaat. Pada proses pembuatan obat, setiap industri farmasi harus menerapkan Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik (CPOB) yang bertujuan untuk menjamin obat dibuat secara konsisten, memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan dan sesuai dengan tujuan penggunaannya.

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The Minister of Health grants permission to the pharmaceutical industry to carry out activities for the manufacture of drugs or medicinal ingredients and has an essential role in the availability of medicines that meet standards, are safe, quality and useful. In the process of making drugs, each pharmaceutical industry must implement a Good Drug Manufacturing Method (GMP) which aims to ensure that the drug is made consistently, meets the requirements set and in accordance with the intended use."

"Studi ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak COVID-19 terhadap perdagangan (ekspor dan impor) pada industri farmasi di negara anggota ASEAN. Dengan menggunakan metode Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) serta data jumlah kasus kumulatif COVID-19 dan data nilai ekspor dan impor industri farmasi selama periode Januari 2019 sampai Desember 2020, hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kasus terinfeksi pada negara anggota ASEAN tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai ekspor produk farmasi negara anggota ASEAN. Adapun di sisi impor, jumlah kasus terinfeksi COVID19 kumulatif pada negara ASEAN berdampak secara positif signifikan terhadap nilai impor produk farmasi negara anggota ASEAN.

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This study aims to analysis the impact of COVID-19 on trade (exports and imports) in the pharmaceutical industry in ASEAN member countries. By using the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method as well as data on the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases and data on exports and imports of the pharmaceutical industry during the period January 2019 to December 2020, the estimation results show that the number of infected cases in ASEAN member countries has no effect on export value. pharmaceutical products of ASEAN member countries. On the import side, the number of cumulative COVID-19 infected cases in ASEAN countries has a significant positive impact on the import value of pharmaceutical products from ASEAN member countries."

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Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas perencanaan produksi serta pengendalian material di perusahaan manufaktur farmasi. Metodenya melibatkan implementasi Advance Planning System (APS) dengan API Gateway untuk production planning dan material requirements planning. Data diambil dari perusahaan farmasi di Indonesia melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasilnya mencakup rancangan sistem informasi, seperti Entity Relationship Diagram, tabel Relational Database, Use Case Diagram, Data Flow Diagram, dan Activity Diagram. Sistem yang dikembangkan mencapai 4 tahap transformasi digital dalam proses PPIC: digitalisasi, integrasi data, dan otomatisasi proses.

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This research aims to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of production planning and material control in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The method involves implementing an Advance Planning System (APS) with API Gateway for production planning and material requirements planning. Data was taken from pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia through observation and interviews. The results include information system designs, such as Entity Relationship Diagrams, Relational Database tables, Use Case Diagrams, Data Flow Diagrams, and Activity Diagrams. The system developed achieves 4 stages of digital transformation in the PPIC process: digitalization, data integration, and process automation.

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"Praktik kerja profesi yang dilaksanakan di PT. Taisho Pharmaceutical Indonesia, Tbk., Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur, dan Apotek Safa bertujuan untuk mengetahui tugas dan tanggung jawab seorang apoteker di industri farmasi, suku dinas kesehatan, dan di apotek. Selain itu, calon apoteker juga dapat memiliki gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan pekerjaan kefarmasian, memiliki wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampian, dan pengalaman praktis untuk melakukan pekerjaan kefarmasian.

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Internship that be held at PT. Taisho Pharmaceutical Indonesia, Tbk., Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur, and Apotek Safa aims to understand the duties and responsibilities of pharmacists in the pharmaceutical factory, suku dinas kesehatan, and in the drugstore. In addition, the pharmacist candidatecan also have the insight, knowledge, skills, and practical experience to undertake pharmaceutical work."

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Hambatan internal dalam proses perencanaan dan pengadaan perbekalan farmasi merupakan hambatan yang bisa dikendalikan dengan intervensi. Penelitian fokus pada usulan perubahan sistem manajemen pengelolaan perbekalan farmasi khususnya perencanaan dan pengadaan di internal tim RSPG Cisarua Bogor. Intervensi menggunakan lean six sigma hanya sampai pada tahap improve. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dengan informan yang terkait proses perencanaan dan pengadaan perbekalan farmasi, observasi dan penelusuran dokumen kemudian diakhiri dengan diskusi kelompok untuk menentukan kesepakatan bersama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiadaan prosedur tetap dalam proses pengadaan perbekalan farmasi membuat lamanya prosedur berjalan dan tidak ada tolak ukur efisiensi dalam sistem. Alat bantu dalam proses pengadaan perbekalan farmasi juga tidak ada sehingga komunikasi internal dalam tim rendah. Pada tahapan improve dari lean six sigma menghasilkan usulan perubahan standar operasional prosedur untuk proses pengadaan perbekalan farmasi rutin, penggunaan indikator efisiensi pengadaan dan pemanfaatan ABC VEN sebagai alat bantu dalam proses pengadaan perbekalan farmasi. Usulan perbaikan penggunaan ABC VEN dan indikator efisiensi perencanaan untuk mengatasi waste over production yang teridentifikasi selama proses perencanaan perbekalan farmasi. Usulan penetapan standar operasional prosedur baru yang memuat timeline, alat bantu pengelompokan perbekalan farmasi berdasarkan ABC VEN dan indikator efisiensi pengadaan untuk mengatasi waste waiting dalam proses pengadaan perbekalan farmasi.

 

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Internal obstacles in the process of planning and procuring pharmaceutical supplies are obstacles that can be controlled. The research focused on proposed changes to the management system of pharmaceutical supplies management, especially planning and procurement within the RSPG Cisarua Bogor team. Intervention using lean six sigma only reaches the stage of improvement. Data collection used in-depth interviews with informants related, observation and document tracing then ended with group discussions. The results showed that the absence of fixed procedures in the process made run longer and there was no benchmark of efficiency in the system. Tools in the process are also absent so that internal communication within the team is low. At the improve stage produced proposals for changes to standard operating procedures for routine pharmaceutical supply procurement processes, the use of procurement efficiency indicators and the use of ABC VEN as a tool in the pharmaceutical supply procurement process. Proposed improvements in the use of ABC VEN and planning efficiency indicators to address waste over production. Proposed establishment of new standard operating procedures containing timelines, tools for grouping pharmaceutical supplies based on ABC VEN and procurement efficiency indicators to overcome waste waiting.

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"Industri farmasi di Indonesia tumbuh signifikan akibat pandemi COVID-19. Industri ini sekarang menjadi salah satu sektor prioritas nasional, dengan salah satu praktik pembangunan utama adalah mencapai Standar Industri Hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang Model Pemilihan Pemasok Hijau dengan memasukkan karakteristik ekonomi dan ramah lingkungan untuk Pemasok Bahan Aktif Farmasi (API). Metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk menimbang kriteria dengan pendekatan Fuzzy dan Metode VIKOR untuk menentukan peringkat pemasok berdasarkan kriteria ekonomi dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan pemeringkatan 6 pemasok untuk 2 API yang berbeda. Dengan model yang diusulkan, produsen farmasi dapat memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kemampuan yang harus dimiliki pemasok ramah lingkungan untuk tujuan memilih pemasok ramah lingkungan yang paling sesuai.

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Pharmaceutical Industry in Indonesia has grown significantly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The industry is now becoming one of the country’s priority sectors, with one of the key development practices is to achieve Green Industry Standards. This study aims to design a Green Supplier Selection Model by incorporating the economic and green characteristics for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Suppliers. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method is used to weigh the criteria with a Fuzzy approach and VIKOR Method to rank the suppliers based on the weighted economic and green criteria. This research results in the ranking of 6 suppliers for 2 different APIs. With the proposed model, pharmaceutical manufacturers can have a better understanding of the capabilities that a green supplier must possess for the purpose of selecting the most suitable green supplier."

"This study aims to examine the preference of investors of pharmaceutical companies, including companies that produce herbal medicines, listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2021. By using the descriptive analysis method and reviewing the daily stock prices of Indofarma (INAF), Kimia Farma (KAEF), Kalbe Farma (KLBF), and Sido Muncul (SIDO) in that period, it was found that there were unusual stock prices increases for state-owned pharmaceutical enterprises during those times. However, a similar occurrence did not occur with the other listed pharmaceutical companies, including one herbal medicine manufacturer. In comparing stock price movement trends, the researcher used Microsoft Excel software. The researcher also reviewed the monthly stock closing prices and the news published at that moment. It was found that related events and news existed for every significant increase in stock prices, which might influence investors' perceptions. In addition, the researcher also examined the data to test whether there was a correlation between the number of infected cases and stock prices using the ARCH model estimation. It was found that the relationship between both of them was insignificant. The researcher expects that the findings of this research not only will be a discussion topic in academic groups but also will be a reference for capital market investors and the government as the policyholders and controlling shareholders of these state-owned enterprises. Further studies on listed pharmaceutical companies in the capital markets of other countries are needed to complete the findings in this research, which may find different facts due to different policies in handling the COVID-19 pandemic."

"Diantara banyaknya ketidaksuksesan merger dan akusisi pada perusahaan farmasi multinasional, studi ini meneliti bagaimana orkestrasi sumberdaya paska merger dan akuisisi berpengaruh terhadap keunggulan daya saing perusahaan pada tingkat subsisiari, berdasarkan pengembangan dari Teory Berbasis Sumberdaya (Resource-Based Theory). Studi ini fokus pada pengaruh kapabilitas Chief Strategy Officer (CSO) dalam komplementariti sumberdaya paska merger dan akuisisi terhadap kapabilitas inovasi, kompetensi perusahaan, dan integrasi budaya. Studi ini menggunakan Structural Equation Method (SEM) yang melibatkan 107 responden, terdiri dari senior manajer yang terlibat langsung dalam merger dan akusisi pada perusahaan farmasi multinasional. Hasil penelitian empiris menunjukkan bahwa komplementariti sumberdaya paska merger dan akuisisi mengarah pada keunggulan daya saing perusahaan melalui kompetensi perusahaan dan kapabilitas inovasi; sedangkan kapabilitas inovasi itu sendiri tidak berpengaruh terhadap kompetensi perusahaan. Integrasi budaya merupakan katalisator dalam meningkatkan kompetensi perusahaan dan kapabilitas inovasi untuk mencapai keunggulan daya saing.

Kontribusi utama penelitian ini pada literature manajemen stratejik adalah menambah studi tentang peran dari CSO pada perusahaan multinasional (Menz and Scheef, 2014). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kapabilitas CSO secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap orkestrasi sumberdaya paska merger dan akuisisi untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas inovasi dan kompetensi perusahaan, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap integrasi budaya. Studi ini memperkaya pemahaman tentang kompleksitas orkestrasi sumberdaya paska merger dan akuisisi dalam level subsidiari, yang masih sangat terbatas pada studi manajemen stratejik dan disarankan untuk ditelaah lebih lanjut (Bauer and Matzler, 2014).

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Amidst so many unsuccessful M&As among multinational companies in pharmaceutical industry, this study investigates how post-M&A resource orchestration affects country-level firms competitive advantage, based on expansion of Resource-Based Theory (RBT). We focus on CSO capabilities influences in post-M&A resource complementarity towards innovation capability, firm competence, and cultural integration. This study uses Structural Equation Method (SEM) involving 107 respondents of worldwide senior management team who involved in M&A of multinational pharmaceutical firms. The empirical results show that post-M&A resource complementarity leads to competitive advantage through firm competence and innovation capability; innovation capability itself does not enhance firm competence. Cultural integration serves as a catalyst to leverage firm competence and innovation capability to achieve firms competitive advantage.

Our primary contribution to the strategic management literature is to enlarge the current limited study on the role of CSO function on multinational companies (Menz and Scheef, 2014). We find that CSO capabilities significantly influences post-M&A resource orchestration to leverage innovation capability and firm competence; but not towards cultural integration. This study enriches our understanding of the complexities of post-M&A resource orchestration in the firms subsidiary level, which is still limited in the strategic management study and suggested to be explored (Bauer and Matzler, 2014)."