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"The search for European security cooperation form post the cold war has become very important due to the dynamic change in Europe in the fields of economy,politics, special and culture. This dynamic has led to the changing threats in Europe. Because of this, European Union (EU) feels necessary to form more proper security cooperation. The objective of this writing is to identify the form and dynamics experienced by European Union (EU) in obtaining security cooperation that is relevant suitable with the condition faced by Europe at the present time. The research will be carried out by using comprehensive security theory, this theory is selected because it can explain the relationship between security cooperation needs with the current phenomenon. The data is obtained by library research and processed with data analysis method.The result of this research has shown that Europe needs a new cooperation form in facing the current challenges. However it will still be in cooperation with the previous cooperation form."

"The search for European security cooperation form post the Cold War has become very important due to the dynamic change in Europe in the fields of economy, politics, social and culture. This dynamic has led to the changing threats in Europe. Because of this, European Union (EU) feels necessary to form a more proper security cooperation. The objective of this writing is to identify the form and dynamics experienced by European Union (EU) in obtaining a securitycooperation that is relevant and suitable with the condition faced by Europe at the present time.The research will be carried out by using security communities theory. This theory is selected because it can explain the relationship between security cooperation needs with the current phenomenon. The data is obtained by library research and processed with data analysis method. The result of this research has shown that Europe needs a new cooperation form in facing the current challenges. However it will still be in cooperation with the previous cooperation form."

"Europe's attempts to be able to be more independent on security and defense areas have been started since it tried to create EDC 1950's as the first security cooperation. Though EDC was never formally conceived, Europe has continued its efforts to develop cooperations in security and defense areas. Fouchet Plan, EPC, SEA and CFSP are several examples of its efforts attempted to be independent in these areas. CFSP is one of Europe's greatest innovations in strengtening these efforts. Specific articles in Treaty of Maastricht and Treaty of Amsterdam state that CFSP is the guidelines of mapping Europe's common security policy that will lead to common defense. What is stated by the articles is ambiguous as Europe up to now is still dependent on NATO/the US and will continously do so, in contrary Europe has EU/WEU which has been determined as an organization that will implement EU's defense policies.

This thesis tries to find out which security organization Europe will later use as its main security instrument and whether Europe actually aims at common defense or merely at common defense policy. This thesis concludes that EU will combine the usage of EU/WEU and NATO. NATO will remain to be Europe's military defense organization and EU/WEU will develop to be the organization that will ensure the security of Europe. This is a fact of the attainment of common defense policy in regard that the formation of European Army, as a form of common defense, is not viable. The establishment of a common defense requires radical adaptations and changes, for instance, EU has to construct the Europe's Ministry of Defense, European Minister of Defense and European Army. CFSP/ESDP will continue to develop and to determine resolutions on Europe's security cooperations. As long as the three EU core states (England, Germany and France) maintains diverse perpectives on common security and defense concepts, Europe will remain dependent on those two organizations (EU/WEU and NATO)."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kontroversi khususnya hubungan bilateral antara Prancis dan Australia terkait peresmian Pakta Pertahanan AUKUS yang terdiri dari tiga negara, yaitu: Australia, Inggris dan, Amerika Serikat. Adapun beberapa pertanyan yang akan diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah Mengapa negara - negara Eropa memberi respon terkait pembentukkan pakta pertahanan AUKUS, mengapa terjadi pro dan kontra dalam respon negara - negara Eropa terkait pembentukkan pakta pertahanan AUKUS, mengapa Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) menganalisis respon negara - negara Eropa terkait pembentukkan pakta pertahanan AUKUS, dan bagaimana operasionalisasi CDA, yaitu menurut analisis sosial dan menurut kognisi sosial terkait narasi pro dan kontra pembentukkan pakta pertahanan AUKUS. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Analisis Wacana oleh Teun A. Van Dijk dan Regional Security Complex oleh Barry Buzan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menggunakan data sekunder yaitu diambil dari berita di media massa Inggris, Uni Eropa, dan Eropa terkait AUKUS. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sikap kontra prancis muncul dari sikap domestik. Sementara itu sikap Uni Eropa, negara – negara di Uni Eropa dan Eropa bersikap netral terhadap pembentukkan AUKUS berdasarkan yang tercermin dari sumber media massa negara – negara di Uni Eropa, Eropa, dan jurnal penelitian dari Uni Eropa.

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This research aims to analyze the controversy, especially the bilateral relationship between France and Australia, regarding the inauguration of the AUKUS Defense Pact which consists of three countries, namely: Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. The questions that will be raised in this study are why European countries respond to the formation of the AUKUS defense pact, why there are pros and cons in the responses of European countries related to the formation of the AUKUS defense pact, why Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) analyzes the responses of European countries related to the formation of the AUKUS defense pact, and how to operationalize CDA, namely according to social analysis and according to social cognition related to the narrative of the pros and cons of the formation of the AUKUS defense pact. The theories used in this research are Discourse Analysis by Teun A. Van Dijk and Regional Security Complex by Barry Buzan. This research uses a qualitative method that uses secondary data, which is taken from news in the UK, EU, and European mass media related to AUKUS. The findings in this study show that the counter-French attitude arises from domestic attitudes. Meanwhile, the attitude of the European Union, countries in the European Union and Europe are neutral towards the formation of AUKUS based on what is reflected in the mass media sources of countries in the European Union, Europe, and research journals from the European Union"

"Penelitian tentang Brexit ini akan fokus pada pertahanan dan keamanan bagi Inggris dan Uni Eropa (UE). Peran Inggris Raya sangat besar di sektor pertahanan dan keamanan, selain Jerman dan Perancis. Namun, berdasarkan referendum 2016, Inggris Raya memilih keluar dari keanggotaannya di UE.  Metode penelitian akan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh langsung dari website resmi UE dan data sekunder berupa kajian pustaka, website, journal militer dan wawancara dengan perusahaan-perusahan pendukung Alat Utama Sistem Senjata (alutsita). Kualitatif adalah sebuah metode yang fokus pada deep observation. Oleh sebab itu, penggunaannya dalam penelitian ini diharapkan mempu menghasilkan sebuah kajian terhadap fenomena dengan lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan Teori Regional Security Complex (TRSC), milik Barry Buzan & Ole Waver dan Teori Security Dilemma (John H. Herz). TRSC ini digunakan untuk menganalisa potensi ancaman keamanan dan pertahanan di kawasan UE. Sedangkan, Teori Security Dilemma digunakan untuk menganalisis antisipasi Inggris dalam sektor pertahanan dan keamanan. Diharapkan dapat ditemukan maksud Inggris keluar dari UE dan antisipasinya dalam sektor pertahanan dan keamanan. Penelitian ini telah berhasil merangkum tindakan dan antisipasi pemerintah UK dalam menghadapi Brexit dan membuat gambaran umum Langkah-langkah UE tanpa Inggris.

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This research on Brexit will focus on defense and security for the UK and the European Union (EU). Great Britain has a very large role in the defense and security sector, in addition to Germany and France. However, based on the 2016 referendum, the UE opted out of membership in the EU. The research will use qualitative methods by using data primary and secunder sources obtained directly from the official website of the EU and secondary data in the form of literature reviews, as well as websites, military journals, and interviews with several companies supporting the Main Tools Weapon System. Qualitative is a method with a foucus on in-depth observation. Therefoe, the use of this reseach can result in a more comprehensvise study of a phenomenon, especially the observation of phenomena. This research was analyzed using Regional Security Complex Theory (Barry Buzan & Ole Waver) and Security Dilemma Theory (John H. Herz). Regional Security theory is used to analyze potential threats to the security and defense of the European Union. Meanwhile, the Security Dilemma Theory is used to analyze the UK’s anticipation in the defense and security sector. It is hoped that the UK’s intention to leave the EU can be found and its anticipation in the defense and security sector. This research has succeeded in summarizing the actions and anticipations of the UK government in the face of Brexit and creating an overview of the EU's steps without UK."

"Kerja sama keamanan Eropa mengalami perkembangan terbaru dengan aktivasi Permanent Structured Cooperation tahun 2017 oleh Uni Eropa. Aktivasi PESCO dilakukan pada waktu yang unik setelah United Kingdom memilih untuk keluar dari Uni Eropa melalui referendum di tahun 2016. Skripsi ini berusaha mencari tahu mengapa Uni Eropa mengaktivasi PESCO di tahun 2017. Tulisan ini menggunakan teori legitimasi yang ditulis oleh Tallberg dan Zurn dengan melihat legitimasi institusi berdasarkan fitur-fitur yang dimiliki institusi yaitu otoritas, prosedur dan performa. Teori tersebut digunakan karena terdapat permasalahan legitimasi yang dihadapi oleh Uni Eropa ketika PESCO diaktifkan. Menggunakan teori legitimasi, tulisan menemukan bahwa aktivasi PESCO dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya Uni Eropa untuk melanjutkan integrasi sekaligus meningkatkan legitimasi yang dimiliki oleh institusi. Berdasarkan fitur otoritas, di dalam PESCO Uni Eropa memiliki otoritas yang rendah bila dibandingkan dengan bentuk kerja sama di bidang lainnya seperti Euro Area sebagai upaya mengurangi defisit legitimasi Uni Eropa. Sementara itu, berdasarkan fitur prosedur, pengambilan keputusan yang ada di dalam PESCO berpusat dalam Dewan Uni Eropa memiliki tujuan meningkatkan legitimasi di mata pemerintah negara anggota. Terakhir, berdasarkan fitur Performa, PESCO dibentuk untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas keamanan Uni Eropa dan legitimasi di mata audiens, namun lambatnya penyelesaian proyek menghalangi peningkatan legitimasi di fitur ini. Berdasarkan ketiga fitur tersebut, ditemukan bahwa PESCO dibentuk berdasarkan permasalahan legitimasi yang melanda Uni Eropa yaitu tingginya defisit legitimasi yang dihadapi, rendahnya kepercayaan dari negara anggota serta ketidakmampuan Uni Eropa untuk menyelesaikan masalah keamanan di lingkungan mereka. Dengan mengatasi ketiga hal tersebut, diharapkan aktivasi PESCO dapat meningkatkan legitimasi yang sebelumnya mengalami penurunan diakibatkan berbagai krisis.

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European security cooperation underwent the latest development by the activation of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in 2017 by the European Union. The PESCO activation was carried out in a unique time after the United Kingdom chose to leave the European Union through a referendum in 2016. This study seeks to find out why the European Union activated PESCO in 2017 and adopted the theory of legitimacy written by Tallberg and Zurn by looking at the legitimacy of the institutions based on the features of the institution, namely authority, procedure, and performance. Such theory was used because there were legitimacy problems faced by the European Union at the time when PESCO was activated. Using the theory of legitimacy, this study found that PESCO activation is carried out as one of the European Union's efforts to continue the integration while at the same time increasing the legitimacy of the institution. Based on the feature of the authority in PESCO, the European Union has low authority compared with forms of cooperation in other fields, as an effort to reduce the EU's legitimacy deficit. Meanwhile, based on the features of the procedure, the decision-making in PESCO is centered on the Council of the European Union with the aim of increasing legitimacy for its member state governments. Lastly, based on the feature of the performance, PESCO was activated to increase the EU security capabilities and legitimacy for the audience, however, the slow pace of project completion prevented the increase of legitimacy in this feature. Based on these three features, it was found that PESCO was formed on legitimacy problems that plagued the European Union, namely the high deficit of legitimacy, low trust from the member countries and the European Union's inability to resolve security problems in their environment. By overcoming those three things, it is hoped that PESCO activation may increase the legitimacy which has previously decreased due to various crises."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang kajian strategi Hungaria dalam hubungannya dengan Rusia pada konteks sanksi Uni Eropa terhadap Rusia. Sanksi tersebut diperpanjang berkali-kali sampai Juli 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep keamanan energi dan teori diplomasi energi melalui perspektif state dan non-state actor untuk menganalisis isu tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan mix methods dengan desain triangulasi konkuren yang menggunakan studi pustaka, literatur, dokumentasi atau observasi yang dibatasi oleh rentan waktu adanya sanksi Uni Eropa kepada Rusia. Penelitian ini menemukan 4 faktor keamanan energi Hungaria yang menjadi alasan kuat mengapa bekerjasama dengan Rusia ditengah sanksi Uni Eropa. Selain itu, Penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan peran penting Perusahaan milik Rusia dalam menyukseskan keberhasilan kerjasama dalam sektor energi. Faktor kerjasama keamanan energi dapat mempererat hubungan baik antara Hungaria dengan Rusia ditengah konflik sanksi Uni Eropa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana eratnya hubungan antara Hungaria dengan Rusia di era sekarang serta hubungannya Uni Eropa sebagai anggota sejak 2004. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga melihat kebijakan Hungaria dalam mendiversifikasi keamanan energi negaranya untuk kepentingan serta contoh pola kebijakan untuk negara eropa lainnya.

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This thesis discusses the study of Hungary's strategy in relation to Russia in the context of European Union sanctions against Russia. The sanctions were extended several times until July 2020. This study uses the concept of energy security and energy diplomacy theory through the perspective of state and non-state actors. This study uses mixed-methods with concurrent triangulation design that uses literature studies, literature, documentation, or observations that are limited by the timeframe of the EU sanctions against Russia. This study finds 4 factors of Hungarian energy security which are strong reasons for cooperating with Russia in the midst of European Union sanctions. In addition, this study also reveals the important role of Russian-owned companies in the success of cooperation in the energy sector. The energy security cooperation factor can strengthen good relations between Hungary and Russia amid the European Union sanctions conflict. This study was conducted to see how close the relationship between Hungary and Russia is in the present era and the relationship between the European Union as a member since 2004. In addition, this study also looks at Hungary's policy in diversifying its country's energy security for the benefit and examples of policy patterns for other European countries."

"Penelitian ini berfokus pada strategi Uni Eropa dalam menjaga keamanan energi selama perang Rusia-Ukraina tahun 2022. Tujuannya adalah untuk menganalisis tanggapan Uni Eropa dan posisi Parlemen Indonesia terhadap perang Rusia-Ukraina dalam konteks keamanan energi. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan Teori Kompleksitas Keamanan Regional oleh Barry Buzan serta Konsep Keamanan Energi, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa Uni Eropa telah mengadopsi sejumlah strategi penting untuk menjaga keamanan dan ketahanan energi selama konflik. Langkah-langkah yang diambil meliputi penerapan sanksi ekonomi dan politik terhadap Rusia, implementasi kebijakan REPowerEU untuk mendorong penggunaan energi terbarukan, diversifikasi pasokan energi, peningkatan kemandirian energi, serta peningkatan kerjasama bilateral dan multilateral di bidang energi. Selain itu ditemukan juga bahwa Indonesia berperan aktif melalui diplomasi parlemennya sebagai mediator dalam penyelesaian Perang Rusia – Ukraina tahun 2022, baik melalui hubungan bilateral maupun multilateral.

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This study focuses on the European Union's strategies in maintaining energy security during the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war. Its aim is to analyze the responses of the European Union and the position of the Indonesian Parliament towards the Russia-Ukraine conflict in the context of energy security. Employing qualitative methods and the Regional Security Complex Theory by Barry Buzan along with the Concept of Energy Security, this research reveals the European Union has adopted several critical strategies to safeguard energy security and resilience during the conflict. These measures include the implementation of economic and political sanctions against Russia, the implementation of the REPowerEU policy to promote renewable energy use, energy supply diversification, enhanced energy self-reliance, and increased bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the energy sector. Furthermore, the study finds that Indonesia actively engages through parliamentary diplomacy as a mediator in resolving the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war, both bilaterally and multilaterally."