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"Studi ini bertujuan menilai peranan CT pada cedera saluran aerodigestif bagian atas. Dua puluh enam pasien dengan cedera saluran aerodigestif atas telah dievaluasi. Enam belas pasien mengalami trauma tumpul pada leher sementara 7 pasien mengalami luka (embus. Sebagian besar pasien datang berobat segera setelah mengalami cedera. Gejala yang timbul meliputi gangguan napas (14), nyeri leher (18), suara serak (7), batuk darah (2) dan kesulitan menelan (3). Cedera jaringan lunak lerdapat pada 8 pasien, udem daerah ariepiglotik pada 4 pasien, hematom ariepiglotik pada 1 pasien, udem pita suara (2)dan obliterasi sinus pirifonnis (5). Cedera daerah supraglotik terjadi pada 6 pasien, cedera glotis (8), dan subglotis (4). Cedera trakea terlihat pada 8 pasien yang terdiri dari pemisahan kriko-trakea (I), robekan trakea (5) dan penyempitan trakea (4). Cedera hipofaring-esofagus terjadi pada 2 pasien. CT bermanfaat memastikan lokasi benda asing yang terjadi pada 2 kasus. CTjuga membantu dalam mengatnbil keputusan pemilihan tata laksana pasien dan menghindari eksplorasi terbuka pada pasien dengan lesi mukosa minimal, fraktur stabil dan robekan tertutup. CT juga lerutama bermanfaat untuk kasus-kasus dimana laringoskopi tidak bisa dilakukan. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:81-9).

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This study was aimed to assess the role of CT in upper aerodigestive tract injuries. Twenty six patients presenting with upper aerodigestive tract injury were examined by CT. Nineteen patients had blunt trauma to the neck while seven had penetrating injury. Most of the patients presented soon after injury. Symptoms included respiratory distress (14), neck tenderness (18), hoarseness (7), haemoptysis (2) and odynophagia (3). Soft tissue injuries were seen in 8 patients, aryepiglottic fold edema in 4, aryepiglottic fold haematoma in 1, vocal cord edema in 2 and pyriform sinus obliteration in 5 patients, Supraglottic injuries were seen in six patients, glottic injury in 8 patients and subglottic injuries in 4 patients. Tracheal injuries were seen in 8 patients and included cricotracheal separation (1), tracheal tears (5) and trachea! narrowing (4). Hypopharyngoesophageal injuries were seen in 2 patients. CT was helpful for localization of foreign bodies in 2 cases. CT is useful in deciding management of patients with upper aerodigestive tract injuries obviating the need of open exploration in patients with minimal mucosal injuries, undisplaced fracture and sealed tears. It is particularly helpful in cases when indirect laryngoscopy was not possible. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:81-9)."

"Studi ini bertujuan menilai peranan CT pada cedera saluran aerodigestif bagian atas."

"Studi serial kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tata laksana nutrisi perioperatif pada pasien kanker saluran cerna yang menjalani pembedahan elektif dalam menurunkan angka morbiditas dan lama rawat di rumah sakit. Tindakan pembedahan yang dilakukan pada pasien kanker saluran cerna yang sudah mengalami malnutrisi berkaitan dengan serangkaian reaksi inflamasi yang berpotensi memperberat kondisi malnutrisi yang pada akhirnya memperberat gangguan sistem imun. Studi kasus dilakukan terhadap empat pasien dewasa dengan malnutrisi yang direncanakan menjalani pembedahan elektif akibat kanker saluran cerna di divisi Bedah Digestif Departemen Bedah RSUPN dr. Cipto mangunkusumo. Dukungan nutrisi diberikan semenjak periode pra pembedahan sampai dengan periode pasca pembedahan. Penentuan kebutuhan dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus Harris Benedict. Protein diberikan sebesar 1,8?2 g/kgBB kecuali pada satu orang pasien diberikan sebesar 0,8 g/kgBB/hari karena adanya gagal ginjal kronis. Lemak diberikan sebesar 25% dan sisanya berupa karbohidrat. Mikronutrien yang diberikan berupa kapsul multivitamin-multimineral. Hasil studi ini mendapatkan bahwa bahwa pemberian dukungan nutrisi perioperatif yang optimal dapat mempertahankan fungsi fisiologis, berat badan dan kapasitas fungsional serta memberikan kontrol glikemik yang baik pada periode pra pembedahan dan memperbaiki berbagai parameter status nutrisi termasuk fungsi imun pasca pembedahan walaupun tidak didapatkan peningkatan berat badan.

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This case series study aimed to investigate the effect of perioperative nutritional support in gastrointestinal cancer patients who underwent elective surgery in reducing morbidity and and length of hospitalization. Surgery which was performed in patients with gastric cancer who had experienced malnutrition associated with a series of inflammatory reactions that could potentially aggravate the condition of malnourished which in turn aggravate the immune system disorders. The case study was carried out on four adult patients suffer from malnutrition due to elective surgery for gastric cancer at the Surgical Division of The Department of Digestive Surgery RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. The nutritional support was gave since the preoperative to postoperative period. Determination of energy needs was calculated using the Harris benedict equation. Protein was given by 1.8 to 2 g/kg body weight/day except in one patient given at 0.8 g/kg body weight/day due to chronic renal failure. Fats were given by 25% and the rest were given as carbohydrate. Micronutrient was given in the form of multivitamin-multimineral capsule. The results of this study found that the provision of perioperative nutritional support could maintain optimal preoperative physiological function, body weight and functional capacity as well as provide good glycemic control and improve the nutritional status parameters including immune function after surgery althought there were not increased in body weight."

"This is the first time a book about laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery has been published. Numerous articles have been published in specific surgical journals, but, until now, there has not been a book that collates all the aspects of this little-known field. The aim of this volume is to achieve a complete and easy presentation of all the implications associated with laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery. The book should be a manual that can be easily consulted by digestive, general, and specialized surgeons, especially in an emergency. The authors’ contributions are founded on evidence-based medicine, which give the book scientific credibility, but this is coupled with their experience of daily practice, which adds an important complementary dimension to evidence-based medicine. This is balanced by an emphasis on clarity and accessibility, because the ultimate aim of the book is educational. "

"This book provides a lucid summary of modern multislice CT imaging of the abdomen, with a focus on the essential imaging findings. After a concise technical introduction, the most important abdominal diseases are described and illustrated with high-quality images. Sections are devoted to the liver and biliary system, the pancreas and spleen, the kidneys and urogenital system, and the bowel and peritoneal cavity. Throughout, key differential diagnostic features are highlighted. The editorial team is composed of internationally renowned radiologists from Europe and the United States, and all chapters have been written by recognized experts in the topic under consideration. Multislice CT of the Abdomen will serve as an excellent reference for radiologists participating in further professional training and will prove an ideal source of information for all who wish to deepen their personal knowledge of the subject."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Peneliti di Indonesia sering mengalami kesulitan memperoleh bahan baku seperti petanda protein untuk menentukan 'berat molekul'. Salah satu petanda protein adalah inhibitor tripsin kacang kedelai (ITK). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan memurnikan ITK dari biji kacang kedelai (Glycine max), Isolasi dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi asam, diikuti 'salting out, dialisis dan pengendapan aseton. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom pertukaran ion. Aktivitas ITK fraksi 'kasar' dan 'murni' diperiksa dengan mengamati pengaruh hambatan terhadap aktivitas enzimatik tripsin, dengan substrat azokasein (proteolitik) dan BAPA/BAPNA (amidase). Azokasein yang dipakai sebagai substrat reaksi tripsin disintesis sendiri. Penilaian kemurnian ITK ?kasar? dan 'murni', juga tripsin dilakukan dengan elektroforesis gel 'slab' SDS-poliakrilamid. Sebagai pembanding pada penelitian ini digunakan inhibitor tripsin produk Sigma.Hasil dan Kesimpulan : Dari 100 g biji kacang kedelai kering panen, diperoleh 1,16 g isolat (ITK 'kasar') setara dengan 418,46 mg protein. Pemurnian lewat kolom pertukaran ion menghasilkan 2 fraksi dengan 'recovery' protein total minimal 63,7 %. Azokasein yang disintesis hasilnya berbeda bila jenis alkohol yang digunakan juga berbeda. Pada penelitian ini baik ITK 'kasar` maupun 'murni' memperlihatkan hambatan terhadap reaksi enzimatik tripsin. Hambatan 50 % terjadi pads rasio inhibitor/enzim yang bervariasi; ITK `murni' 1 memperlihatkan angka yang paling tinggi. Elektroforetogram menunjukkan bercak ITK 'murni' II identik dengan SBTI (Sigma).

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Scope and Method of Study: The chemicals required for laboratory investigations are quite often difficult to obtain, e. g. the standard protein markers for molecular weight determination. Among the markers used for that purpose is the soybean trypsin inhibitor. This work was carried out to isolate and purify trypsin inhibitor from soybean (Glycine max) seeds (SBTI). The procedure included an acid extraction, followed by salting-out, dialysis and an acetone precipitation. Purification was carried out by ion-exchange column chromatography. The protein content of the isolate and of the purified substance was determined by spectrophotometer. The activities of the crude and of the purified soybean trypsin inhibitor were tested against trypsin activity. The trypsin used was obtained commercially. Trypsin's proteolytic activity was performed on azo-casein while its amidase activity was tested on BAPA/BAPNA. The azo-casein was synthesized in the laboratory. The purity of the crude and of the purified soybean trypsin inhibitors, and of the trypsin itself was examined on a slab SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

Findings and Conclusions: From 100 g of dried soy-bean seeds, 1.16 of product was isolated (= 418.46 mg protein). Further purification on an ion-exchange column yielded two fractions, with a minimum of 63.7% protein recovered. The azo-casein synthesis revealed two different products depending on the grade of alcohol used in the process. The crude and the purified soybean trypsin inhibitors showed inhibitory effects towards trypsin. The fifty percent inhibition occurred at varied inhibitor/enzyme ratios, the highest was shown by the purified SBTI I. The electrophoretogram showed that the purified SBTI II was identical to the SBTI (Sigma)."

"Latar belakang. Pabrik semen merupakan salah satu industri yang menerapkan kerja gilir bagi karyawannya untuk meningkatkan produktifitas. Kerja gilir ini berdampak pada gangguan irama sirkadian yang menyebabkan gangguan pencernaan. Di pabrik semen ini, gangguan pencernaan ditemukan pada pekerja gilir yang berotasi. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan mengetahui prevalensi gangguan pencernaan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan pencernaanMetode penelitian. Berupa studi comparative cross sectional (perbandingan potong lintang) melalui perbandingan prevalensi gangguan pencernaan antara kelompok pekerja gilir dengan pekerja non gilir. Jumlah sampel pada kelompok kerja gilir dan kelompok non gilir masing masing 100 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana dari populasi yang memenuhi persyaratan kriteria inklusi. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisik, rekam medis pekerja dan data dari bagian kepegawaian.Hasil penelitian. Didapatkan gangguan pencernaan pada pekerja gilir dengan pola rotasi dan prevalensi gangguan pencernaan sebesar 11% dengan CI 95% 4,9% - 17.1%. Faktor yang berhubungan paling kuat dengan gangguan pencernaan adalah riwayat penyakit seperti ginjal, hepatitis, tukak lambung dan batu empedu dengan p= 0,001 OR=14,635 CI 95% 2,909 - 73,626. Dan faktor yang juga berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya gangguan pencernaan adalah jumlah hari kerja dalam seminggu dengan p = 0,049 OR = 4,098 CI 95% 1,008 - 16,663 , Variabel penelitian seperti usia pekerja, tingkat pendidikan,jumlah jam kerja dalam sehari, masa kerja, stres, pola makan, kebiasaan merokok dan kebiasaan olah raga pada kedua kelompok kerja tidal( ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna.Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini tidak terbukti bahwa kerja gilir yang berotasi mengakibatkan gangguan pencernaan dan secara statistik terbukti bahwa faktor jumlah hari kerja dalam seminggu dan riwayat penyakit bermakna dalam mempengaruhi timbulnya gangguan pencernaan (p< 0,05 ).Oleh karena itu untuk mencegah dan mengurangi gangguan pencernaan, perlu dilakukan antisipasi dan pengertian yang dalam baik dari pihak manajemen, pekerja maupun dokter perusahaan.

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The Influence Shift Work To Digestive Disorder At Male Worker Part Of Production At Cement Factory PT " X" In Citeureup BogorBack ground Cement factory represent one of the industry applying shift work to its employees to increase productivity. This shift work affect at rhythm trouble of circadian causing digestive disorder. In this cement factory, digestive disorder found at shift worker which is rotation. Therefore this study conduct to identify the prevalence of digestive disorder and other factors related to digestive disorder.

Research method Comparative cross sectional (transversal crosscut comparison) passing comparison of digestive disorder prevalence among group shy worker with non shift worker. Amount of sample at shift worker team and non shy worker team of everyone 100 persons. Intake of sample conducted at random modestly from population fulling conditions of inclusion criteria. Research data obtained from interview with questionnaire, physical examination, medical record and employee data

Result of research. Digestive disorder at shift worker with rotation pattern and the prevalence digestive disorder is II % with CI 95% 4,9 - 17,1%. The most influence factor related to digestive disorder is historical of disease with p = 0,001 OR=14, 635 CI 95% 2,909 - 73,626. And factor having an effect to incidence digestive disorder is amount of workday within a week with p = 0,049 OR = 4,098 CI 95% 1,008 - 16,663. Research variable like worker age, education level, the amount of workhour within a day, year of job, sires, pattern eat, habit smoke, habit of disease history and sport at both working team have equivalent so that not be found by difference having a meaning.

Conclusion. This research didn't proven that rotating shift work caused to digestive disorder and statistically significant relation between amount of workday within a week and historical of disease with digestive disorder (p < 0,05).Therefore to prevent and lessen digestive disorder, a coordination need to conducted between management, company doctor and also worker to improve this matter."

"Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keragaman spesies khamir dari saluran pencernaan lebah madu Apis cerana di apiari Desa Ciburial, Bandung. Sebanyak 48 isolat khamir dari saluran pencernaan Pollen-collecting bee (PCB) (27 isolat) dan Nectarcollecting bee (NCB) (21 isolat) diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA dan dikarakterisasi secara morfologi untuk melengkapi hasil identifikasi. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa 48 isolat khamir tersebut terdiri atas delapan genus dan 16 spesies. Sebanyak 12 spesies khamir ditemukan pada PCB dan sembilan spesies khamir ditemukan pada NCB. Candida cf. apicola, C. etchellsii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa dan Zygosaccharomyces rouxii ditemukan pada PCB maupun NCB. Spesies-spesies khamir yang diperoleh secara taksonomi heterogen, yaitu termasuk ke dalam class Hemiascomycetes dari phylum Ascomycota (13 spesies) dan class Urediniomycetes dari phylum Basidiomycota (3 spesies).

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The aim of this study was to study the diversity of yeast species isolated from the digestive tract of honey bee Apis cerana in apiary in Ciburial, Bandung. A total of 48 yeast isolates from the digestive tract of pollen-collecting bees (27 isolates) and Nectar-collecting bee (21 isolates) were identified based on sequence data of internal transcribed spacers regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). In addition of their sequence data, yeasts were also characterized morphologically. The results showed that those yeasts comprised of eight genera and 16 species. Twelve yeast species were found from PCB and nine yeast species were found from NCB. Candida cf. apicola, C. cf. azyma, C. etchellsii, C. naeodendra, C. orthopsilosis, Cryptococcus heveanensis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii were found both in PCB and NCB. Our molecular analysis showed that A. cerana harbors taxonomically diverse yeasts. They consisted of species belong to the class Hemiascomycetes of the phylum Ascomycota (13 species) and class Urediniomycetes of the phylum Basidiomycota (3 species)."

"ABSTRAKAnesthesi spinal pada bedah digestif merupakan tindakan pembedahan yang dapatmempengaruhi keadaan hemodinamik.Pemberian Latihan mobilisasi rom dinidiharapkan mampu membantu menstabilkan keadaan hemodinamik.Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan mobilisasi 2 jam dan 6 jam pascaoperasi digestif dengan anestesi spinal. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasieksperimen dengan pre-post test non equivalen dengan jumlah 60 responden.Penilaian dilakukan dengan pengukuran tanda vital pada ketiga kelompok,pengukuran pertama yaitu 2 jam post operasi sebelum dilakukan intervensi,pengukuran kedua dilakukan setelah 2 DAFTAR GRAFIKjam setelah diberilatihan mobilisasi dan pengukuran ketiga 6 jam post operasi setelah diberi latihan.Hasil uji anova-post-hoc diperoleh perbedaan nilai p < 0.05, pada kelompokintervensi 2, khusus nilai diastolik dan MAP. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalahbahwa dapat dipertimbangkan pemberian mobilisasi ROM dini baik 2 jam dan 6jam post operasi bisa dilakukan mobilisasi secara bertahap khususnya pada pasiendengan anestesi spinal pada pembedahan digestif ini.

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ABSTRACTSpinal anesthesia on post digestive surgery patient can influence hemodynamics’patient. The early mobilization: ROM is expected to stabilize hemodynamicpatient post-surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference onhemodynamic status patient who have early mobilization 2 hours and 6 hours postsurgerywith spinal anesthesia. Quasi experiment was used with pre-posttestnonequivalent method which is recruited 60 respondents. Hemodynamic statuses weredocumented by measuring vital signs on 3 different groups. The first measurement wasdocumented on 2 hours post-surgery before intervention. The second measurements wereconducted 2 hours after early mobilization was given and third measurements wereconducted 6 hours post-surgery after mobilization. The result from ANOVA test showssignificant different (p<0.05) between second group who received ROM 2 hours postsurgery,especially on diastolic and MAP score. It is recommended that earlymobilization 2 and 6 hours post-surgery should be given gradually, especially patient withdigestive surgery who received spinal anesthesia"