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"Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan pembunuh terbesar ketiga di Indonesia setelah jantung koroner dan tuberkulosis, dimana salah satu penyebabnya adalah kelelahan pengemudi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh tingkat kelelahan pengemudi pria saat menyetir setelah beraktivitas secara real condition menggunakan metode eye tracking dengan parameter visual mata, sehingga jumlah kecelakaan lalu lintas menurun. Melalui studi kelelahan ini akan didapatkan perubahan aktivitas mata pengemudi berdasarkan gerak cepat mata (saccade) dan kedipan mata (eye blink) sehingga dapat disimpulkan batas waktu mengemudi yang disarankan bagi pengemudi pria. Penelitian ini melibatkan lima orang responden pria usia produktif yang diukur tingkat kelelahannya menggunakan eye tracker. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa parameter kedipan mata (eye blink) lebih sensitif dalam mengukur kelelahan dibandingkan gerak cepat mata (saccade) dan berdasarkan parameter kedipan mata (eye blink) dihasilkan kesimpulan kelelahan pada pengemudi pria dapat terjadi sejak menit ke-30 hingga menit ke-40. Kesimpulan tersebut dapat dijadikan acuan bagi pengemudi pria untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan jika mengemudi melebihi waktu tersebut.

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One cause of traffic accidents -third largest killer in Indonesia after coronary heart disease and tuberculosis- are driver fatigue. The purpose of this study was to measure male driver's fatigue using eye tracking method based on blinks and saccades. From this study we could find out suggested driving time limit for male drivers from driver's eye activity changes, based on blinks and saccades. The study involved five male respondents of productive age using eye tracker. The results of this study are that blinks is more sensitive in measuring fatigue than saccades and fatigue may occur in male drivers since the 30th to 40th minute. The conclusion can be used as a reference for male drivers to increase their vigilance when driving exceeds the time."

"Penelitian dengan objek gambar papan menu coffee shop yang berbasis tulisan dengan latar papan warna hitam dan tulisan putih dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat EyeLink II Head Fixed Eye-Tracker. Pergerakan pupil mata selama melihat papan menu saat eksperimen direkam oleh eye-tracker dan dihasilkan data berupa fiksasi, saccades, durasi fiksasi, perpindahan fiksasi mata, dll. Dari data yang diperoleh, akan dilakukan pengolahan data untuk menghasilkan fixation map dan laporan lainnya dan kemudian hasil akan dianalisis. Hasil akhir penelitian ini mendapatkan sebuah pola pembacaan dan juga daerah strategis pada papan menu coffee shop.

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A study of coffee shop?s menu board as the object was done using Eyelink II Head Fixed Eye-Tracker. The menu board is the one that is display written menu (white on black) and no picture. Behavior of seeing such display that is represented by the pupil movement is recorded by eye-tracker and then generate various data, such as: fixation data, saccades data, fixation duration, eye movement path, etc. Further data processing is done to generate fixation map and other reports. Analysis is done based on fixation map result and data generated by eye-tracker. The final output from this study includes information about how is the reading pattern, and the most attractive interest area in the menu board."

"Latar Belakang: Keluhan iritasi mata banyak terdapat pada pekerja emping yang terpajan asap pembakaran kayu. Keluhan yang dirasakan adalah mata perih, gatal, merah dan berair. Pekerja masih menggunakan tungku lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh desain tungku terhadap penurunan derajat iritasi mata akibat asap pembakaran kayu. Metode Penelitian: Desain kuasi eksperimen dua kelompok, menggunakan intervensi desain tungku baru untuk mengeliminir asap pembakaran kayu. Dilakukan pada 44 orang pekerja emping perempuan. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik mata. Subyek penelitian mempunyai kriteria inklusi masa kerja ≥ 1 tahun dan bersedia menjadi responden dengan menandatangani informed consent, kriteria eksklusinya adalah tidak mengalami penyakit mata merah lainnya selain iritasi mata akibat kerja, mempunyai riwayat atopi dan menggunakan obat yang dapat mempengauhi air mata, seperti antihistamin, antiglaukoma, AINS dan antipsikotropica. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan adanya penurunan derajat iritasi mata pada kelompok studi setelah intervensi selama 14 hari sebesar 89% (Tabel 4.6). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok studi dan kontrol dalam perubahan iritasi mata dengan nilai p = 0,000 (Tabel 4.7). Kesimpulan. Kelompok kontrol mempunyai kemungkinan 8 kali untuk mengalami iritasi mata yang buruk dibandingkan dengan kelompok studi, p = 0,000, RR = 8, CI 95% (2,08 ? 30,74). Hipotesis terbukti bahwa terjadi penurunan derajat iritasi mata sebesar 89% pada pekerja emping setelah menggunakan desain tungku baru selama empat belas hari.

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Background: There are many eye irritation complaints in workers exposed to the wood burning smoke. Perceived grievances are eye sore, itchy, red and watery. Workers are still using the old furnace. This study aims to examine the influence of furnace design to decrease the degree of eye irritation caused by the smoke of burning wood.

Method: Quasi-experimental design of the two groups, using a new furnace design interventions to reduce wood burning smoke. Conducted on 44 female workers emping. Data were collected through interviews, observation and physical examination eye. The respondents were met the inclusion criteria and did not meet exclusion. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 1 year of work and willing to be the subject of research. Exclusion criteria were having red eyes besides eye irritation due to work, have history of atopy and is undergoing treatment thay may influence the tears, like antiglaucoma, NSAIDs, antihistamines and antipsikotropica. Determination of the control group and the study is base on cluster random sampling with consideration of psychosocial and RT boundaries. Each group consisted of 22 respondents.

Results: The proportion of poor eye irritation in the study group preintervensi 81.8%, day 7th intervention 13.6% and 9.1% intervention 14th day (Table 4.6), meaning that a decrease in the degree of eye irritation with the use of a new furnace. Changes in eye irritation scores in the study group had occurred on the 7th day of the intervention by 83.3%, from preintervensi until the 14th day of the intervention of 88.9% and from day 7 until day 14 of 33.3 interventions %. Table 4.7 shows there is a significant difference between the control and study groups in terms of changes in the degree of eye irritation with p = 0.000.

Conclusion: The group that has the possibility of using the old furnace 8 times more likely to experience changes in eye irritation bad compared to the group using a new furnace with a value of p = 0.000, RR = 8.00, 95% CI (2.08 to 30.74). Hypothesis is proved that a decline in the degree of eye irritation of 88.9% in workers emping after using the new furnace design for fourteen days."

"Tujuan: Membandingkan perubahan segmen anterior dan tekanan intraokular (TIO) antara tetes mata pilokarpin 2% dan laser iridotomi perifer (LIP) pada sudut tertutup primer. Desain: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis tunggal (one group pretest post-test design). Metode: Sebanyak 34 mata dari 29 subyek penelitian dengan sudut tertutup primer mendapatkan perlakuan tetes mata pilokarpin 2% selama 3-5 hari dan kemudian LIP. Seluruh subyek mendapatkan perlakuan yang sama. Dilakukan pemeriksaan TIO dan anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu pada kondisi awal, 3-5 hari setelah pemberian tetes mata pilokarpin 2%, dan 1 minggu setelah laser iridotomi perifer. Parameter sudut yang dinilai adalah angle opening distance (AOD) dan trabecular-iris space area (TISA) yang diukur pada jarak 500 dan 750 μm dari scleral spur pada kuadran nasal dan temporal. Perubahan dihitung berdasarkan selisih antara nilai pasca pilokarpin 2% dan LIP dengan nilai awal. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan nilai parameter sudut dan penurunan TIO baik pasca LIP maupun pasca tetes mata pilokarpin 2%. Terdapat penurunan nilai kedalaman bilik mata depan setelah tetes mata pilokarpin 2%. Kesimpulan: LIP membuka sudut lebih besar dibandingkan tetes mata pilokarpin 2%, namun tetes mata pilokarpin 2% menurunkan TIO lebih besar. Tetes mata pilokarpin 2% lebih mendangkalkan bilik mata depan dibandingkan LIP.

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Purpose : To compare anterior segment and intraocular pressure changes between pilocarpine eye drops 2% and Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) in primary angle closure.

Methods : This was a clinical trial one group pretest post-test design. A total of 34 eyes of 29 subjects got treatment pilocarpine eye drops 2% for 3-5 days and then LPI. All subjects got the same treatment. Intraocular presssure and anterior segment optical coherence tomography examination was done three times, on the initial conditions, 3-5 days after administration of pilocarpine eye drops 2%, and 1 week after LPI. Angle parameters were the angle opening measured at a distance of 500 and 750 μm from the scleral spur on the nasal and temporal quadrants. The changes are calculated based on the difference between the post-pilocarpine 2% and LPI with initial values.

Result : There is an increase in the value of the angle parameters and reduction of IOP after the LPI and pilocarpine eye drops 2%. There is a decline in anterior chamber depth after pilocarpine eye drops 2%.

Conclusion : LPI widening the angle greater than pilocarpine eye drops 2%, but pilocarpine eye drops 2% lowering the IOP greater than LPI. Pilocarpine eye drops 2% shallowing the anterior chamber depth."

"Masalah kebutaan adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan yang memprihatinkan. Kedokteran regeneratif lewat rekayasa jaringan dan optimalisasi regenerasi jaringan melalui sel induk lokal atau transplantasi sel induk telah mendapat banyak perhatian. Tinjauan pustakan kali ini membahas penemuan penting sel induk mata dan eksperimen in vivo transplantasi sel induk serta tren terkini di bidang rekayasa jaringan mata.

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AbstractBlindness is one of the most devastating condition for mankind. Regenerative medicine through tissue engineering and optimizing tissue regeneration through local adult stem cell differentiation or stem cell transplantation has received a lot of attention. This review presents highlights in the discovery of ocular stem cell and in vivo experiment for stem cell transplantation and current trends in tissue engineering of the eye. "

"Fixation points, as the stopping location of eye movements, can be extracted to generate valuable information about a picture or an object. This information is valuable as it enables the identification of the area/part of the picture that attracts people’s attention, which can be used as a consideration when making decisions in the future, for example in marketing. For this reason, in this study, a Neural Network (NN) model was developed to predict the fixation points of a picture. Specifically, the authors experimented with various transfer and training functions in the NN in order to determine which causes the fewest errors. The results show that the method used is applicable in practice since it produces MAPE (Mean Absolute Percent Error) of around 13–15% and MSE (Mean Squared Error) of 0.9–1.1%."