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"Latar Belakang: Meningkatnya angka kejadian stroke dan beratnya disabilitas dari penderita stroke yang bertahan hidup, menjadikan diperlukannya terapi yang optimal untuk restorasi paska stroke. Neurorestorasi dengan transplantasi sel punca menjanjikan perbaikan luaran fungsional yang baik pada pasien stroke iskemik. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengamati efek transplantasi Stem Cell from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth SHED pada luaran klinis dan rasio sel neuron mati pada model stroke iskemik, untuk mendapatkan terapi yang optimal untuk stroke iskemik.Metode: Pembuatan tikus model stroke iskemik dilakukan dengan oklusi arteri cerebri media (MCAO). Pada 48 jam setelah MCAO, dilakukan transplantasi sel mesenkimal asal SHED secara intravena, dengan dosis 2x106/kgBB. Dilakukan evaluasi fungsional tikus secara neurobehaviour dengan tes Y Maze, dan evaluasi sensorimotor tikus dengan tes silinder. Evaluasi rasio neuron mati dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin dan Eosin.Hasil: Terdapat perbaikan evaluasi neurobehaviour dengan Y Maze (p=0,04) dan evaluasi sensorimotor dengan tes silinder (p=0,04) pada 14 hari setelah transplantasi pada kelompok tikus yang ditransplantasi SHED dibandingkan kontrol. Terdapat pengurangan rasio sel neuron mati (p=0,0) pada tikus yang ditransplantasi SHED pada 21 hari setelah MCAO.Kesimpulan: Transplantasi SHED pada tikus model stroke iskemik pada fase akut stroke menunjukkan perbaikan klinis dan terdapat pengurangan rasio neuron mati pada otak tikus model stroke iskemik yang di transplantasi dengan sel mesenkimal asal SHED.

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Background: The incidence of stroke reaches 15 million cases worldwide, and 5 million stroke survivors suffered permanent disability. Ischemic stroke causes a burden on health problems particularly in Indonesia. The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia in 2013 is 7 per 1000 population. The optimal stroke restoration therapy required, and neurorestoration with stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy that provides functional improvements for ischemic stroke. This research was conducted to observe the effects of Stem Cell from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) transplantation on the clinical improvement and neuron death ratio in the brain of rats models with ischemic stroke.Methods: One group of normal rats and two groups (n=5) of male wistar rats undergone permenents Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). SHED transplantation performed 48 hours after MCAO, by intravenous injection with a dose of 2x106 cells/kg. Functional evaluation conducted in rats with Y Maze and cylinder Test. Evaluation of the death neurons ratio in brain cortex area done by Hematoksilin and Eosin staining.Results : The functional evaluation using Y Maze and Cylinder Test was significantly improved in the treatment group compared to the control stroke group p < 0,05 14 days after MCAO. There was a reduction in the neuron death ratio p = 0.0 in rats transplanted with SHED.Conclusion : SHED transplantation in acute stroke showed clinical improvement and reduction in the neuron death ratio in the brain of rat models with ischemic stroke. Keywords: Cell transplantation, Ischemic Stroke, MCAO, SHED"

"Kitin merupakan salah satu polimer alam yang banyak tersedia dialam sesudah selulosa. Kitin dan turunannya telah banyak digunakan diberbagai bidang diantaranya pertanian, tekstil, khususnya farmasi dan kesehatan. Limbah kulit udang yang merupakan sumber bahan baku pengolahan kitin menghasilkan kualitas kitin yang lebih baik apabila diolah dengan cara biologi dibandingkan cara kimia. Pengolahan kitin secara biologi menggunakan asam laktat untuk demineralisasi dan enzim protease hasil fermentasi bakteri untuk proses deproteinasi. Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap kemampuan sel amobil Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC116 dan Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 dalam proses demineralisasi dan deproteinasi limbah kulit udang dalam ekstraksi kitin dengan tujuan untuk efisiensi proses fermentasi. Proses amobilisasi kedua jenis bakteri ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda penjerapan sel di dalam matrik natrium alginat 2% yang selanjutnya direaksikan dengan CaCl2 0,2M. Proses demineralisasi limbah kulit udang menggunakan sel amobil Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC116 30% dan medium yang terdiri dari 6% glukosa, 1,5% yeast, 0,003% MnSO4, 0,003% FeSO4.7H2O, 0,02% MgSO4.7H2O mampu menghasilkan asam laktat sampai 2,24% dan mampu menurunkan kadar abu dalam kulit udang sampai dengan 1,18%. Sel amobil Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 pada fermentasi menggunakan medium yang terdiri dari 0,5% yeast, 0,5% NaCl 0,05% MgSO4.7H2O 0,1% CaCl2.2H2O mampu menghasilkan enzim protease dengan aktivitas tertinggi sebesar 25,18 U/ml. Proses deproteinasi limbah kulit udang menggunakan sel amobil Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 30% mampu menurunkan kadar protein dalam kulit udang sampai 2,73% dengan aktivitas protease tertinggi 50,61 U/ml. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, sel amobil Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC116 dan Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 mampu menurunkan kadar abu dan kadar protein kulit udang dalam tahapan pengolahan kitin secara biologi.

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Chitin, a homopolimer, is the most abundant renewable natural resources after cellulose. Chitin and its derivatives hold many applications in agriculture, textile, pharmacy and medic. Chitin that extracted from waste shrimp shells by biological fermentation has better quality than chemical procees. Demineralization of chitin by biological procees use lactic acid as product of fermentation. Deproteinization of chitin use proteolytic activity of enzyme that produce by bacteria in fermentation.

Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC116 and Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 has been immobilized by entrapment methods and 2% sodium alginate in 0,2 M CaCl2 as the matric. The ability of immobilized Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC116 cell in fermentation was tested. The fermentation that was carried out in medium which consist of 6% glukosa, 1,5% yeast extract, 0,003% MnSO4 0,003% FeSO4.7H2O, 0,02% MgSO4.7H2O and has been producted 2,24% lactic acid. Demineralization of waste shrimp shell with 30% immobilized Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC116 cell has successfully decreased ash content tol 1,18% and produced lactic acid maximum 2.24%.

Immobilized Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 cell in fermentation produced protease enzyme with maximum activity 25.18 U/ml. Deproteinization of waste shrimp shell with 30% immobilized Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 cell can decreased protein content to 2,73% and reached highest protease activity 50,61 U/ml. Immobilization of Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC116 cell and Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 cell promised an efficient method in bioproceesing of chitin recovery. "

"This volume presents a practical guide to reform and development of courts across Asia and the Pacific, offering a broad cross section of case studies and reflections and critically focussing on practical reform issues, rather than theory. They identify strengths and weaknesses of reform programmes in their countries (Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vanuatu). The contributors explore many issues, including gender justice, reduction of delays in case disposal, access to justice by marginalised groups, judicial integrity and accountability, judicial education and skills development, prioritizing "home grown" reform, domestic resource constraints, and management of foreign donors"

"Penelitian ini meneliti dua dimensi dari sikap yang dapat mempengaruhi tanggapan terhadap iklan mobile, yaitu evaluasi berbasis teknologi dan evaluasi berbasis emosi. Penelitian ini juga meneliti kredibilitas yang dianggap memiliki pengaruh dalam menentukan sikap terhadap iklan mobile. Data hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa sikap terhadap iklan mobile memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap tanggapan pada iklan mobile, kemudian kredibilitas terbukti dapat memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan pada sikap terhadap iklan mobile. Namun, penerimaan teknologi mobile tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tanggapan pada iklan mobile.

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This research examines the two dimensions of attitudes that may affect responses to mobile advertising, namely the technology-based evaluations and emotion-based evaluations. This research also examines credibility which considered to have an influence in determining attitudes toward mobile ads. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

The results stated that attitudes toward mobile ads have a positive and significant effect on the response to mobile ads, then credibility proven to have a positive and significant effect on attitudes toward mobile ads. However, the acceptance of mobile technology don’t have a significant influence on response to mobile ads."