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"Penelitian ini membahas urutan kata bahasa Arab dalam media koran Al-Ahram, Mesir periode Nopember 2012. Urutan kata adalah bagian dari kajian sintaksis dan berperan sebagai ciri khas suatu bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Shinny yang mengklasifikasikan urutan kata menjadi jumla ismiyya dan jumla fi’liyya dan Holes dengan klasifikasi VSKOMP, SVKOMP, KOMPVS, dan VKOMPS. Teori-teori ini digunakan agar analisis pada korpus data menjadi lebih rinci. Penelitian ini juga memberikan analisis singkat mengenai kesesuaian subjek-predikat berkaitan dengan urutan kata. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran pemakaian urutan kata yang produktif dengan pembuktian pada korpus data. Berdasarkan penghitungan pada korpus data yang berupa 100 kalimat, jumla fi’liyya muncul pada 80 kalimat sedangkan jumla ?ismiyya muncul pada 20 kalimat.

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This research analyses Arabic word order in the Al-Ahram Newspaper, Egypt in November 2012. Word order is a part of syntactic research and also characteristic of a language. This research uses Shinny’s theory and Holes’ theory about classification of Arabic word order. Shinny’s theory divide the sentence into jumla ?ismiyya and jumla fi’liyya while Holes’ theory divide the sentence into VSKOMP, SVKOMP, VKOMPS, and KOMPVS sentence.

This research also gives a brief analysis about subject-predicate agreement related to the word order. The research gives a description about the productivity of the word order with evidences in the corpus. Based on statistic count from the 100 sentences of corpus, 80 sentences is jumla fi’liyya and 20 sentences is jumla ?ismiyya."

"Ada dua jenis struktur teks dalam sastra anak, yaitu repetitif atau pengulangan dan progresif. Setiap struktur mempunyai fungsinya sendiri dalam membentuk pemahaman terhadap anak. Struktur repetitif mengandung plot cerita yang berulang-ulang diceritakan, sedangkan struktur progresif menceritakan tiap babak terus maju. untuk mengukur pemahaman anak, kita dapat menggunakan dua pendekatan atau aktifitas pada anak, yaitu dengan menyusun paragraf yang acak dan menceritakan ulang cerita tersebut. Dalam memahami cerita dengan meyusun paragraf acak, anak cenderung mengikuti alur cerita secara aktan seperti yang dijelaskan Greimas dalam teorinya. Lalu, dalam aktifitas menceritakan kembali, pemahaman anak dilihat dari apakah mereka menuturkan klausa naratif secara benar atau tidak. Kedua aktifitas tersebut menunjukan hasil yang berbeda dalam memahami struktur teks.

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There are two kinds of structure in children literature, which are repetitive and progressive. Every structure has its function in building up children's understanding. Repetitive structure contains the redundant plot, while progressive structure tells every scene of the text in progress. To measure children's comprehension, we can use two approaches, which are arranging random paragraph and retelling story. In comprehending story by arranging random paragraph, children tend to follow the story actantial-ly as Greimas mentioned in his theory. Then in retelling story task, children's understanding was reflected whether they uttered narrative clause completely or not. Both of the tasks show different result in term of understanding text structure."

"This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure from a phonological perspective. It explores topics such as individual tones and how they combine, how information This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure. Taking a phonological perspective, it shows how morpho-syntactic constituents are mapped to prosodic constituents according to well-formedness conditions. Using a tone-sequence model of intonation, it explores individual tones and how they combine, and discusses how information structure affects intonation in several ways, showing tones and melodies to be 'meaningful' in that they add a pragmatic component to what is being said. The author also shows how despite a superficial similarity, languages differ in how their tonal patterns arise from tone concatenation. Lexical tones, stress, phrase tones, and boundary tones are assigned differently in different languages, resulting in great variation in intonational grammar, both at the lexical and sentential level. The last chapter is dedicated to experimental studies of how we process prosody. The book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in linguistics, and particularly in phonological theory."

"How does a literary text get to have literary form, and what is the relation between literary form and linguistic form? This theoretical study of linguistic structure in literature focuses on verse and narrative from a linguistic perspective. Nigel Fabb provides a simple and realistic linguistic explanation of poetic form in English from 1500–1900, drawing on the English and American verse and oral narrative tradition, as well as contemporary criticism. In recent years literary theory has paid relatively little attention to form; this book argues that form is interesting. Fabb offers a new linguistic approach to how metre and rhythm work in poetry, based on pragmatic theory and provides a pragmatic explanation of formal ambiguity and indeterminacy and their aesthetic effects. He also uses linguistics to examine the experience of poetry. Language and Literary Structure will be welcomed by students and researchers in linguistics, literary theory and stylistics."

"This research analyses utterances produced by English speakers who interact via computers in chat rooms, chat.yahoo.com. This study is aimed at investigating how the participants interact and develop topics under computer-mediated constraints.The data consist of corpus containing sequenced-postings produced by multi-participants in Lobby, part of the chat room regarded as a public domain. Conversation Analysis Model introduced by Birmingham School was used for data analysis.The findings of the study show that the chat has some unique features, which are different from the features of interaction in face-to-face conversation. Those unique features decrease the coherence of the interaction. The linearity of the sequence is disrupted by the presence of initiation without responses and the presence of multi-responses for one initiation. Then, the unity of the interaction is loosened by the absence of organizational exchanges or the presence of less discourse markers tying up explicitly the interaction units in each rank of the interaction. After that, the immediacy relationship between elements of adjacency pairs is loosened by the presence of other utterances between them. Finally, the structure of the utterance is loosened by the fragmentation of the utterance into smaller units and the positioning of those units in the different postings.The chat has several unique features of interaction strategies that may decrease the coherence of the interaction and differ them from those in face-to-face interaction. First, the one person speak in one time rule is not applicable in the chat since who is currently speaking cannot be identified. Second, the competitive nature of the interaction requires an adjustment of the strategy for managing the turn. It is not necessary for the chatters to hold the turn; instead they have to send repetitive postings to maintain their presence. Finally, turn-taking strategies are very limited in the chat interaction. The strategy for taking the turn is limited to clean strategy and the strategy for yielding the turn is limited to the use of selection (turn design) and give-up strategies.The topic introduction and closing in the chat is not so different from those in the face-to-face interaction. The topic development displays unique structure, in that the chat may produce parallel topics. The parallel topic is resulted by the introduction of a new sub-topic while the discussion of the existing topic still in progress. Another specification of topic development is the rapid progress of the topic change in the chat.The uniqueness of the interaction and topic development in the chat is attributable to the lack of physical presence and voice as well as to the machine related constraints.(For further information about this dissertation, contact: hamzahhs@yahoo.com)"