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"Despite the enourmous differences between the colonial enterprises of various European nations, they seem to generate fairly similar stereotype of 'outsiders' -both those outsiders wo roamed far away on the edges of the world, and those who (like the Irish) lurked uncomfortably nearer home. Thus laziness, aggression, violence, greed, sexual promiscuity, bestiality, primitivism, innocence and irrationality are attributed (often contradictorily and inconsistently) by the English, French, Dutch, Spanish, and Portugese colonist to Turks, Africans, Native Americans, Jews, Indians, the Irish, and others. On the other hand, 'the East' is constructed as barbaric or degenerate1."

"Masuknya bangsa Barat ke Jepang sejak kedatangan Laksamana Perry menandai awalkehancuran pemerintahan Bakufu Tokugawa. Para rezim anti-Bakufu melakukanpertentangan atas kekecewaan mereka terhadap Bakufu yang dengan begitu sajamenjatuhkan harga diri Jepang dan membiarkan pihak asing memasuki Jepang. Pihakrezim ini melakukan berbagai bentuk perlawanan dengan slogan sonno-joi terhadappihak asing. Seiring berjalannya waktu dan sadar akan kekuatan bangsa asing yanglebih canggih dibandingkan Jepang, praktik sonno-joi berubah tujuan menjadi gerakanuntuk menggulingkan Bakufu Tokugawa agar kekuasaan politik dapat dikembalikankepada Kaisar. Tugas akhir ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana praktik sonno-joimengalami perubahan dimulai dari masuknya bangsa asing hingga keterlibatan merekadalam berbagai konflik anti asing dan gerakan penggulingan Tokugawa.

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The arrival of Western nations into Japan since Commodore Perrys visit marked the

beginning of the fall of the Tokugawa Bakufu government. The anti-Bakufu regimes

contested as their disappointment towards Bakufu who simply threw Japans pride and

allowed foreigners to enter Japan. The regime carried out various forms of resistance by

the slogan sonno-joi against foreign parties. Over time and the awareness of the more

developed foreign powers compared to Japan, the practice of sonno-joi changed its

purpose to become a movement to overthrow the Tokugawa Bakufu so that political

power could be returned to the Emperor. This final project will explain how the practice

of sonnoi-joi underwent changes starting from the entry of foreign nations to their

involvement in various anti-foreign conflicts and the overthrow Tokugawa movement."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh orientasi dominansi sosial SDO dan otoritarianisme sayap kanan RWA terhadap kesadaran kelas atau derajat sejauh mana individu memahami posisi mereka dan menempatkan diri mereka dalam hubungan antarkelas. Pengukuran kesadaran kelas pada penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Multidimensional Class Consciousness Scale MCCS. Orientasi dominansi sosial ialah derajat sejauh mana individu menginginkan kelompok mereka untuk mendominasi dan menjadi lebih unggul dari kelompok lainnya, dan diukur dengan alat ukur Social Dominance Orientation Scale SDO6. Otoritarianisme sayap kanan ialah derajat sejauh mana seseorang percaya untuk tunduk terhadap otoritas yang ada dan norma-norma sosial yang didukung oleh otoritas ini, dan diukur dengan Short Version Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale SV-RWA. Partisipan penelitian ini ialah 129 mahasiswa S1 Universitas Indonesia usia 17 hingga 27 tahun. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orientasi dominansi sosial dan otoritarianisme sayap kanan memprediksi kesadaran kelas yang rendah pada mahasiswa S1.

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The present study aims to investigate the effects of social dominance orientation SDO and right wing authoritarianism RWA on class consciousness or the extent to which individuals acknowledge and situate themselves within class relations. Class consciousness is measured with the Multidimensional Class Consciousness Scale MCCS. Social dominance orientation is the extent to which one desires that one 39 s ingroup dominate and be superior to outgroups and it is measured with the Social Dominance Orientation Scale SDO6. Right wing authoritarianism is the extent to which an individual believe strongly in submission to established authorities and the social norms these authorities endorse and it is measured with the Short Version Right Wing Authoritarianism Scale SV RWA. The study participants are 129 undergraduate students aged 17 to 27 enrolled in Universitas Indonesia. The result of this research shows that social dominance orientation and right wing authoritarianism predict lower class consciousness in college students."

"Apa yang terjadi pada masa penjajahan Belanda di Hindia Belanda meninggalkan kesan yang begitu dalam bagi setiap pihak yang terlibat, tidak hanya kaum inferior tetapi juga kaum superior. Penceritaan kembali mengenai apa yang terjadi pada masa kolonial dilakukan melalui berbagai media, salah satunya karya sastra postkolonial Familiefeest karya Theodor Holman. Secara jelas dan nyata pasti terjadi diskriminasi pada masa tersebut. Dengan metode penelitian deskriptif-sinkronis, diteliti bagaimana penggambaran diskriminasi yang ditemukan dalam cerita Familiefeest beserta dampak yang dihasilkannya. Melalui cerita ini, ditemukan diskriminasi ras, etnis, dan kebangsaan yang terjadi pada tokoh didalamnya, yang notabene adalah kaum superior pada masa kolonial tersebut, dan dampak yang dialami para tokoh tersebut tidaklah ringan karena menyangkut masalah psikis dan masa depan mereka. Diskriminasi yang mereka alami mengubah sifat, perilaku, dan kehidupan mereka. Mereka memandang negatif akan masa depan dan selalu dihantui oleh rasa takut, terancam, dan malu.

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What happened during the Netherlands‟ colonialism in the Dutch East Indies left deep impression to every side that involved this moment, not only the inferior side but also the superior side. About what that happened on colonial period was told through many media, one of them is through postcolonial literature, Familiefeest by Theodor Holman. Discrimination was clearly and obviously happened on that moment. By using descriptive-synchronic method, the description and the effects of discriminations on Familiefeest were researched and found. On Familifeest was found racial, ethnic, and nationality discriminations that were experienced by the personages that on this story were superior people on colonialism moment. The effects that they experienced weren‟t simple things because those have correlation with psychological problem and how they faced their future. It changed their character, behavior, and life. They looked negatively about their future and haunted by fear, threat, and shame."

"Revolusi informasi komunikasi yang mempersembahkan medium internet, memiliki pengaruh terhadap hubungan internasional. Pengaturan global bidang perlindungan kekayaan intelektual di medium internet yang diinisiasi oleh Konggres Amerika Serikat menggunakan instrumen negara adidaya itu, melalui rancangan undang-undang Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PROTECT IP Act atau PIPA) dan Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), ternyata menuai protes. Ujung dari protes adalah memaksa Pemerintah Amerika Serikat membatalkan proses legislasi terhadap dua rancangan tersebut. Padahal, pengaturan PIPA dan SOPA menjadi benteng tangguh bagi negara Amerika Serikat "Great Firewall" of America dalam melindungi kekayaan intelektual mereka secara global di medium internet. Penelitian kualitatif skripsi ini menganalisis bahwa medium internet meningkatkan pertanyaan akan legitimasi memerintah yang dilakukan oleh aktor pemerintah melalui instrumen negara. Meningkatnya kecepatan memperoleh informasi sekaligus reduksi ongkos berkomunikasi yang disediakan medium ini, memperbanyak kuantitas aktor untuk memperbesar kompleksitas proses politik di dalamnya. Selain itu, secara ide, cara pengaturan global PIPA dan SOPA melindungi kekayaan intelektual Amerika Serikat di medium internet adalah dengan menyerang infrastruktur fasilitas mendasar internet, yaitu situs. Meruntuhkan "Great Firewall" of America sebabnya menjadi opsi satu-satunya pilihan Pemerintah Amerika Serikat.

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Information communication revolution which represents internet medium, has influence to international relations. Global governance in protecting intellectual property on this internet medium, initiated by the United States Congress using that powerful state instrument through two bills Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PROTECT IP Act or PIPA) and Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), in the fact, gave protests. The tail of the protests was to force the United States Government to cancel legislation process of both of two those bills. Unfortunately, the cancelation meant disturbance to the building of the "Great Firewall" of America in giving maximal protection to the country`s intellectual property globally on internet medium. This qualitative research analyzes that the reason is the internet medium itself with its nature to promote more questioning of governing legitimation by government actor using state instrument. The improvement in speed of getting information as well as the reduction in communicating cost provided by this medium, empowers the quantity of other actors to bigger the complexity political process gives within the communication. In addition, to the idea, the mechanisms how-to used by PIPA and SOPA to protect United States intellectual property globally on that medium was with attacking the infrastructure of basic facility of the medium, the websites. As the final result, shutting down the "Great Firewall" of America become the only option the Government of United States had to choose."